Suchergebnisse

Event-shape observables measured using charged particles in inclusive Z-boson events are presented, using the electron and muon decay modes of the Z bosons. The measurements are based on an integrated luminosity of 1.1 fb(-1) of proton-proton collisions recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy root s = 7 TeV. Charged-particle distributions, excluding the lepton-antilepton pair from the Z-boson decay, are measured in different ranges of transverse momentum of the Z boson. Distributions include multiplicity, scalar sum of transverse momenta, beam thrust, transverse thrust, spherocity, and F-parameter, which are in particular sensitive to properties of the underlying event at small values of the Z-boson transverse momentum. The measured observables are compared with predictions from PYTHIA 8, Sherpa, and HERWIG 7. Typically, all three Monte Carlo generators provide predictions that are in better agreement with the data at high Z-boson transverse momenta than at low Z-boson transverse momenta, and for the observables that are less sensitive to the number of charged particles in the event. ; ATLAS Collaboration, for complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-4176-8 Funding: We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, HGF, and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, I-CORE and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, the Canada Council, CANARIE, CRC, Compute Canada, FQRNT, and the Ontario Innovation Trust, Canada; EPLANET, ERC, FP7, Horizon 2020 and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex and Idex, ANR, Region Auvergne and Fondation Partager le Savoir, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; BSF, GIF and Minerva, Israel; BRF, Norway; Generalitat de Catalunya, Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom. The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN and the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA) and in the Tier-2 facilities worldwide.

Anew search signature for excited leptons is explored. Excited muons are sought in the channel pp -> mu mu* -> mu mu jet jet, assuming both the production and decay occur via a contact interaction. The analysis is based on 20.3 fb(-1) of pp collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of root s = 8 TeV taken with the ATLAS detector at the large hadron collider. No evidence of excited muons is found, and limits are set at the 95% confidence level on the cross section times branching ratio as a function of the excited-muon mass m(mu)*. For m(mu)* between 1.3 and 3.0 TeV, the upper limit on sigma B(mu* -> mu q (q) over bar) is between 0.6 and 1 fb. Limits on sB are converted to lower bounds on the compositeness scale Lambda. In the limiting case Lambda = m(mu)*, excited muons with a mass below 2.8 TeV are excluded. With the same model assumptions, these limits at larger mu* masses improve upon previous limits from traditional searches based on the gauge-mediated decay mu* -> mu gamma. ; ATLAS Collaboration, for complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/18/7/073021 Funding: We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMTCR, MPOCR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, HGF, and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, I-CORE and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRCKI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, the Canada Council, CANARIE, CRC, Compute Canada, FQRNT, and the Ontario Innovation Trust, Canada; EPLANET, ERC, FP7, Horizon 2020 and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex and Idex, ANR, Region Auvergne and Fondation Partager le Savoir, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; BSF, GIF and Minerva, Israel; BRF, Norway; Generalitat de Catalunya, Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom. The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN and the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF(Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA) and in the Tier-2 facilities worldwide.

A search for singly produced vector-like Q quarks, where Q can be either a T quark with charge +2/3 or a Y quark with charge -4/3, is performed in proton-proton collisions recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb(-1) and was produced with a centre-of-mass energy of root s = 8 TeV. This analysis targets Q -> Wb decays where the W boson decays leptonically. A veto on massive large-radius jets is used to reject the dominant t (t) over bar background. The reconstructed Q-candidate mass, ranging from 0.4 to 1.2 TeV, is used in the search to discriminate signal from background processes. No significant deviation from the Standard Model expectation is observed, and limits are set on the Q -> Wb cross-section times branching ratio. The results are also interpreted as limits on the QWb coupling and the mixing with the Standard Model sector for a singlet T quark or a Y quark from a doublet. T quarks with masses below 0.95 TeV are excluded at 95 % confidence level, assuming a unit coupling and a BR(T -> Wb) = 0.5, whereas the expected limit is 1.10 TeV. ; ATLAS Collaboration, for complete list of authors see dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-4281-8 Funding: We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, HGF, and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, I-CORE and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, the Canada Council, CANARIE, CRC, Compute Canada, FQRNT, and the Ontario InnovationTrust, Canada; EPLANET, ERC, FP7, Horizon 2020 and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex and Idex, ANR, Region Auvergne and Fondation Partager le Savoir, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; BSF, GIF and Minerva, Israel; BRF, Norway; the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom. The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN and the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA) and in the Tier-2 facilities worldwide.

Measurements of the per-event charged-particle yield as a function of the charged-particle transverse momentum and rapidity are performed using p+Pbp+Pb collision data collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of View the MathML sourcesNN=5.02TeV. Charged particles are reconstructed over pseudorapidity |η|<2.3|η|<2.3 and transverse momentum between 0.1 GeV0.1 GeV and 22 GeV22 GeV in a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1 μb−11 μb−1. The results are presented in the form of charged-particle nuclear modification factors, where the p+Pbp+Pb charged-particle multiplicities are compared between central and peripheral p+Pbp+Pb collisions as well as to charged-particle cross sections measured in pp collisions. The p+Pbp+Pb collision centrality is characterized by the total transverse energy measured in −4.9<η<−3.1−4.9<η<−3.1, which is in the direction of the outgoing lead beam. Three different estimations of the number of nucleons participating in the p+Pbp+Pb collision are carried out using the Glauber model and two Glauber–Gribov colour-fluctuation extensions to the Glauber model. The values of the nuclear modification factors are found to vary significantly as a function of rapidity and transverse momentum. A broad peak is observed for all centralities and rapidities in the nuclear modification factors for charged-particle transverse momentum values around 3 GeV3 GeV. The magnitude of the peak increases for more central collisions as well as rapidity ranges closer to the direction of the outgoing lead nucleus. ; We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, HGF, and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, I-CORE and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZŠ, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, the Canada Council, CANARIE, CRC, Compute Canada, FQRNT, and the Ontario Innovation Trust, Canada; EPLANET, ERC, FP7, Horizon 2020 and Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex and Idex, ANR, Région Auvergne and Fondation Partager le Savoir, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; BSF, GIF and Minerva, Israel; BRF, Norway; Generalitat de Catalunya, Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom. ; Open Access funded by SCOAP³ - Sponsoring Consortium for Open Access Publishing in Particle Physics

Artículo escrito por muchos autores, sólo se referencian el primero, los autores que firman como Universidad Autónoma de Madrid y el grupo de colaboración en el caso de que aparezca en el artículo ; A search has been performed for pair production of heavy vectorlike down-type (B) quarks. The analysis explores the lepton-plus-jets final state, characterized by events with one isolated charged lepton (electron or muon), significant missing transverse momentum, and multiple jets. One or more jets are required to be tagged as arising from b quarks, and at least one pair of jets must be tagged as arising from the hadronic decay of an electroweak boson. The analysis uses the full data sample of pp collisions recorded in 2012 by the ATLAS detector at the LHC, operating at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb-1. No significant excess of events is observed above the expected background. Limits are set on vectorlike B production, as a function of the B branching ratios, assuming the allowable decay modes are B→Wt/Zb/Hb. In the chiral limit with a branching ratio of 100% for the decay B→Wt, the observed (expected) 95% C.L. lower limit on the vectorlike B mass is 810 GeV (760 GeV). In the case where the vectorlike B quark has branching ratio values corresponding to those of an SU(2) singlet state, the observed (expected) 95% C.L. lower limit on the vectorlike B mass is 640 GeV (505 GeV). The same analysis, when used to investigate pair production of a colored, charge 5/3 exotic fermion T5/3, with subsequent decay T5/3→Wt, sets an observed (expected) 95% C.L. lower limit on the T5/3 mass of 840 GeV (780 GeV) ; We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq, and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC, and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST, and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR, and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC, and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; EPLANET, ERC, and NSRF, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG, and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT and NSRF, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, I-CORE, and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; BRF and Research Council of Norway, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Federation; JINR, Russian Federation; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZŠ, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF, and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; and DOE and NSF, United States of America. The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN and the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, and Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK), and BNL (USA) and in the Tier-2 facilities worldwide

Searches for both resonant and nonresonant Higgs boson pair production are performed in the hh -> bb tau tau, gamma gamma WW* final states using 20.3 fb(-1) of pp collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. No evidence of their production is observed and 95% confidence-level upper limits on the production cross sections are set. These results are then combined with the published results of the hh -> gamma gamma bb, bbbb analyses. An upper limit of 0.69 (0.47) pb on the nonresonant hh production is observed (expected), corresponding to 70 (48) times the SM gg -> hh cross section. For production via narrow resonances, cross-section limits of hh production from a heavy Higgs boson decay are set as a function of the heavy Higgs boson mass. The observed (expected) limits range from 2.1 (1.1) pb at 260 GeV to 0.011 (0.018) pb at 1000 GeV. These results are interpreted in the context of two simplified scenarios of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. ; ATLAS Collaboration, for complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.92.092004 Funding: We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC, Denmark and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, HGF, and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, I-CORE and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, the Canada Council, CANARIE, CRC, Compute Canada, FQRNT, and the Ontario Innovation Trust, Canada; EPLANET, ERC, FP7, Horizon 2020 and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex and Idex, ANR, Region Auvergne and Fondation Partager le Savoir, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; BSF, GIF and Minerva, Israel; BRF, Norway; the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom. The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN and the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA) and in the Tier-2 facilities worldwide.

В условиях ограниченности местных ресурсов и нарастающего объема властных обязанностей и задач в системе местного самоуправления широкое распространение получило межмуниципальное сотрудничество или взаимодействие. В рамках российского опыта межмуниципальное сотрудничество осуществляется, как правило, в трех формах ассоциативной, договорной и хозяйственной. В результате сравнительного анализа информационно-статистических данных о количестве муниципальных образований в Российской Федерации и созданных ими межмуниципальных хозяйствующих объединений с 2007 по 2014 г. была выявлена положительная динамика в отношении числа последних, что позволило обосновать значимость использования институционального подхода для более детального изучения механизма межмуниципального сотрудничества. Кроме того, процесс реализации органами местной власти на практике такого экономико-управленческого механизма, как межмуниципальное взаимодействие, обусловлен вовлечением в него множества экономических, правовых, социальных, культурных и других субъектов или институтов, оказывающих значительное влияние на трансформацию данного механизма в будущем. В связи с этим была разработана модель институциональной среды межмуниципального сотрудничества, сформированная институтами-нормами, институтами-контрактами и институтами-организациями на муниципальном, региональном и федеральном уровнях. Предложена также техника проведения институционального анализа на примере отдельных элементов межмуниципального сотрудничества (Общероссийский конгресс муниципальных образований и Ассоциация советов муниципальных образований), заключающаяся в описании их институциональной организации и ее основных параметров целей и функций организации, прав и обязанностей участников, средств и учреждений (капитал организации и источники его образования) и системы санкций для участников. Результаты исследования позволили существенно расширить теоретико-методологическую базу межмуниципального сотрудничества и определить существующие в нем институциональные формы и связи для более эффективной реализации данного механизма на практике. ; When the local resources are limited and the volume of the government responsibilities and tasks is growing, in the system of local government inter-municipal cooperation or interaction becomes widespread. As a part of the Russian experience, inter-municipal cooperation takes place, as a rule, in the following three forms associative, contractual and economic. As a result of the comparative analysis of information and statistics data on the number of municipalities in Russia and their inter-municipal business associations in the period from 2007 to 2014, a positive dynamics of the latter was revealed. It helped prove the importance of using an institutional approach for the more detailed study of the mechanism of inter-municipal cooperation. In addition, the process of practical implementation of this economic-administrative mechanism as inter-municipal cooperation is conditioned with the involvement of the number of economic, legal, social, cultural and other entities or institutions that have a significant impact on the transformation of this mechanism in the future. In connection with this a model of institutional environment of inter-municipal cooperation, formed by the institutions-norms, institutions-contracts and institutions-organizations at the municipal, regional and federal levels was developed. The technique of institutional analysis by the example of the individual elements of inter-municipal cooperation (the All-Russian Congress of Municipalities and the Association of Municipal Council), consisting in the description of their institutional organization and its basic parameters the objectives and functions of the organization, the rights and obligations of the participants, resources and institutions (capital of the organization and sources of its development) and the system of sanctions for the participants, was also proposed. The results of the study allowed essentially expand theoretical and methodological framework of inter-municipal cooperation and determine its existing institutional forms and links to more effectively implement this mechanism in practice.

Даётся общая характеристика сборника «Вопросы колонизации», выявляется специфика его дальневосточной тематики. Автором установлено, что редакторы и большинство авторов служили по ведомству Главного управления землеустройства и земледелия. Среди обсуждаемых вопросов интенсивность переселения и состав переселенцев. Автор отмечает, что отдельную категорию переселенцев на Дальний Восток составляли рабочие, которые должны были вытеснить труд мигрантов из сопредельных азиатских государств. В публикациях сборника отчётливо прослеживается мысль, что переселение на Дальний Восток рассматривалось прежде всего в связи с необходимостью его укрепления русским населением и сохранения дальневосточной окраины в составе Российского государства. ; The collection of articles "Questions of colonization" is considered to be an important source of studying the history of resettlement in remote areas of the Russian Empire. In the era of the Stolypin reforms the settling of the far Eastern suburbs became especially intensive. The aim of this article is a general description of the collection of articles and detection of its far Eastern theme. The collection of articles was published from 1907 to 1917 in St. Petersburg with irregular intervals. 20 issues of the collection were issued. The author found out that the editors and most of the authors have served in the Main Department of land management and agriculture. Articles on the variety of themes were published in the collection: its objectives, organization, transportation of displaced residents and so on), a comprehensive characterization of the provinces and regions of Asian Russia, issues of land use and land management, various types of government assistance and the work that was carried out by the Departments, the results of applied research (soil, botany, economic, etc). The previously published material such as trip reports from Siberia; reviews based on the report of the Resettlement management; official documents (regulations, rules, laws); notes from Newspapers etc., took an important place in the collection. Another important aspect was the estimate documentation. The materials, reflecting the current state of the resettlement case were published in all issues (except the last), in the section "Chronicle". вообще не так. In the Section "Bibliography" there was information (либо was put the information) about new publications on migration issues. The intensity of relocation and composition of settlers is one of the most discussed issues. The author of the articlenotes that a separate category of settlers to the Far East was comprised of workers, which are closely related to the problem of employment of the Asian population. In the publications of the collection there was the question about state measures of solving the problems of the "implementation" of Asian workers: in 1909, at the Council of Ministers was formed the Committee for the settlement of the Far East "for the Association and the General direction of government action colonization of the Amur region"; the interdepartmental meeting to develop assumptions "about the ways to ensure the Amur Russian workers" was established; the law of 21 June 1910, establishing a number of restrictions for persons of foreign citizenship, in particular, prohibiting the employment of foreign nationals on work done for the private use of state management was released. The clear idea about the special position of the Far Eastern suburbs is represented in publications of the collection. The author comes to the conclusion that the relocation to the Far East was discussed primarily in connection with the necessity of strengthening it with the Russian population and the maintenance of the Far Eastern margin as a part of the Russian state.

Рассматриваются вопросы международного противодействия торговле людьми на постсоветском пространстве. Особое внимание уделяется определению инструментов, которые использует Европейский союз (ЕС) для того, чтобы утвердиться в качестве заметного, влиятельного и, возможно, координирующего игрока в данной сфере, которая характеризуется участием значительного числа других международных регуляторов и явным доминированием США. Делается вывод о том, что в качестве таких инструментов ЕС использует, прежде всего, экспертные знания и тактические партнерства с ключевыми международными регуляторами. ; Trafficking in human beings has long been defined as one of the most salient issues for post-Soviet countries' internal security. However disputable the accuracy of the data on human trafficking in the post-Soviet space, most experts agree that massive human trafficking is taking place both within and between the countries of the post-Soviet region, extending beyond regional borders as well. Often being underestimated by the local governments, these problems have attracted attention of international actors both states (such as the USA, Russia, the UK, Sweden or Japan) and intergovernmental organisations (the EU, OSCE, UNODC, IOM, etc.). Most projects, in one way or another, are positioned as part of regional migration governance and management mechanisms that are being developed by various international bodies. But unlike international migration governance that unfolds in the absence of a global migration regime, international action against human trafficking relies on international regime layers both at global level (provided by the UN Convention and Protocol) and at regional levels for example in South East Asia or in Europe (the Council of Europe Convention). This said, one still observes divergent approaches of multiple international actors that attempt to be active governors in the field. This concerns both IOs -one may only be surprised to see how various UN bodies try to preserve the anti-human trafficking agenda within their domain, to say nothing about such IOs as IOM and individual states, with the USA being the most prominent example. This paper asks what instruments the EU deploys in order to establish itself as a noticeable, influential and potentially coordinating actor in this complex environment involving a significant number of other international governors. We do not look at direct bilateral cooperation of the EU with targeted recipient countries that have been identified as key countries of origin and/or transit for human trafficking in the region. Instead, the paper focuses on partnerships that the EU has been building with other international governors tackling this problem in the postSoviet space. We argue that, contrary to the USA mostly using a "stick" in the form of "naming and shaming" as well as sanctions/threat of sanctions linked to a system of indicators, the EU opts for softer approaches involving production and use of knowledge for policy influence through tactical partnerships with other international governors. This has important implications both for its anti-trafficking action and for its wider international governance agenda. Relying on partnerships with other international governors resulting in production and exchange of (perceived as solid and legitimate) expert knowledge leads to mutual reinforcement of the governor function that the EU and its partners have in the field of anti-human trafficking, as well as in other overlapping policy fields.

A wide range of arthropod-borne viruses threaten both human and animal health either through their presence in Europe or through risk of introduction. Prominent among these is West Nile virus (WNV), primarily an avian virus, which has caused multiple outbreaks associated with human and equine mortality. Endemic outbreaks of West Nile fever have been reported in Italy, Greece, France, Romania, Hungary, Russia and Spain, with further spread expected. Most outbreaks in Western Europe have been due to infection with WNV Lineage 1. In Eastern Europe WNV Lineage 2 has been responsible for human and bird mortality, particularly in Greece, which has experienced extensive outbreaks over three consecutive years. Italy has experienced co-circulation with both virus lineages. The ability to manage this threat in a cost-effective way is dependent on early detection. Targeted surveillance for pathogens within mosquito populations offers the ability to detect viruses prior to their emergence in livestock, equine species or human populations. In addition, it can establish a baseline of mosquito-borne virus activity and allow monitoring of change to this over time. Early detection offers the opportunity to raise disease awareness, initiate vector control and preventative vaccination, now available for horses, and encourage personal protection against mosquito bites. This would have major benefits through financial savings and reduction in equid morbidity/mortality. However, effective surveillance that predicts virus outbreaks is challenged by a range of factors including limited resources, variation in mosquito capture rates (too few or too many), difficulties in mosquito identification, often reliant on specialist entomologists, and the sensitive, rapid detection of viruses in mosquito pools. Surveillance for WNV and other arboviruses within mosquito populations varies between European countries in the extent and focus of the surveillance. This study reviews the current status of WNV in mosquito populations across Europe and how this is informing our understanding of virus epidemiology. Key findings such as detection of virus, presence of vector species and invasive mosquito species are summarized, and some of the difficulties encountered when applying a cost-effective surveillance programme are highlighted. ; Data from Italy were provided by the National and Regional Surveillance Programs supported by the Ministry of Health and the Regional authorities of Veneto, Fruili Venezia Giulia, Emilia and Lombardia. IPZ highly acknowledges the financial contribution of the Swiss Federal Veterinary Office (grant 1.12.17 and National Centre for Vector Ecology). Acknowledgements to the Federal Office for the Environment for financing the mosquito collection activity and the Federal Office for Civil Protection for financing the molecular analysis. Surveillance in Greece was funded by contributions from the Hellenic Centre for Disease Control and Prevention and the Development Agency of Thessaloniki S.A. Spanish surveillance for West Nile virus and mosquitoes has been funded by Projects from the European Union (EDEN, Eurowestnile and EDENext), Spanish Ministry of Health (EVITAR), Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity (CGL2009-11445 and CGL2012-30759) and Junta de Andalucía (P07-RNM-02511 and P11-RNM-7038). Nicholas Johnson is funded by Defra grant SE4112 (Development of reseach tools to support arthropod-borne virus investigation). Anthony J. Wilson is funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (grant number BBS/B/00603).

В развитие классификации грунтов, приведенной в ГОСТ 25100—2011. Грунты, предложены классификации для грунтовых массивов, расположенных в основаниях зданий и сооружений в криолитозоне. Классификации выполнены для массивов, состоящих целиком из грунтов с отрицательными температурами, а также для массивов, включающих талые грунты. Приведены обоснование и обсуждение предложенных классификаций. ; In this article we propose a classification for the masses of rock and soil, located in the bases of the buildings in permafrost zone. Classifications are made for masses consisting entirely of rock and soil with negative temperature, as well as for masses, including thawed soils and rocks. Updated in 2011 the Russian All-Union State Standard«Soil», which came into force in 2013, includes a classification of frozen soils, which are distinguished in a separate class. This is one of the differences of our inter-state standard, issued by the Eurasian Council for standardization, Metrology and certification, from the international English-language normative document (ISO). It is caused by the fact that on the territory of the European Union there is no permafrost soil, and only soils and rocks are discussed. In contrast, on the territory of Russia permafrost soil is widely distributed, in particular in the areas of extraction of exported raw materials. Permafrost is causing a significant, ongoing difficulties of construction and operation of buildings.The classification of soils in the Russian All-Union State Standard «Soil» and here is based on the type of physical and physico-chemical bonds between the particles in a soil. In frozen soils there are specific unstable bonds, due to the presence of ice. This fact calls for distinguishing the frozen soils into a separate class. In permafrost zone along with frozen soils that include ice, there are waterless soils and rocks with negative temperature. The list of soils in the permafrost zone, would be incomplete without:1) ice-soil (more than 90 % of ice), 2) chilled soil of the temperature below 0 °C, 3) soil with positive temperature. Cooled plastic or loose soils with negative temperatures lie in cryolithozone where there are soluble minerals or saline groundwater. Soils with positive temperature lie everywhere under permafrost at different depths, in summer they also arise over permafrost. In some places they occur in cryolithozone.In the classification of soils we will adhere to the principles set out in the first article of the series. In respect of the classes, we divide soils by the type of the bonds in them. Firstly, we single out frozen soils with the bonds created by ice, and, secondly, conditionally waterless soils with negative temperature, where there is no ice and bonds are physical and physico-chemical. For brevity, the second class of frozen masses is convenient to call the special soil of permafrost zone. At the level of subclasses we specify the classification by the same types of bonds in soils. In each of these two classes we detach subclasses: 1) rock mass, 2) disperse mass and 3) «skadi». Among the frozen soils there are specific fourth subclass — ice soils. The classification in respect of the types is made for masses consisting entirely of soils with negative temperatures, as well as for masses including thawed soils. The author offers justification and discussion of the proposed classifications.

Анализируется история развития строительной отрасли в Томской губернии во второй половине XIX начале XX в. в рамках законодательных документов, правил и справочников, регламентирующих техническую часть строительного дела. Рассматривается процесс оформления и возведения строительного объекта в данный исторический период. На основе архивных источников и опубликованных материалов дается характеристика подрядчиков и их деятельности. ; The paper gives the reviews of the construction industry in the Tomsk province in the second half of the XIXearly XX centuries. Construction as a branch of industry was changed in the frame of legislative documents, regulations and manuals governing the technical part of the construction business. In addition there were also special literature and periodicals which were used by architects and engineers. The reforms of the second half of the 19th century changed the system of management in construction in the Empire. In 1886 prosecute the construction management in the provinces was assigned to the Provincial Department of Construction and Regional Board. From 1849 to 1886 Tomsk provincial building and road commission were under the general management of Western Siberia in Omsk. On 24 February 1886 the commission was abolished transferring functions of the Construction Department of the Tomsk provincial government. So the construction part of management of the Main Department of Communications and Public Buildings were transferred to the Interior Ministry. Here we consider the design and registration process of construction objects. These processes depend on the type of buildings: state, public or private houses. There were two forms of organization of construction works. Building crew is an earlier form. Contractor entrepreneurs contracted for performance of construction works. As a rule building crews were consisted of peasants, impoverished philistines and seasonal workers from European part of Russia. Large contractors had several crews. They were the owners of the construction companies, the organizers and producers of the work. At the end of the XIX-th century contract activity was change its scale. Post-reform contractors who had operated with relatively small sums were changed by the major builders' entrepreneurs. In addition, in Tomsk there were construction firms who took contracts to build both from individuals and from the town council. The contractor and the customer necessarily made a contract. The contract is defined the terms beginning and ending of production activities. Requirements for quality of construction work, as well as of the structural materials, were the main point of workers' earnings. There was little mechanization of construction processes. During the period of recovery in construction industry some technical improvements began to appear, such as concrete mixers, crushers, loco mobiles, as well as for welding and cutting metal equipments. On the basis of archival sources and published literature the contractors and their activities are described. There are, as a rule, the names of customers, usually merchants, and sometimes contractors. Merchant class was involved in construction of buildings. Despite that it was only about one hundred years ago from the time of creation of many unique architectural monuments of the city, there is little information about the masters of these buildings. There is a necessity to explore the processes of the organization of construction works, study activities of not only the highest construction personnel but construction workers at various levels: engineers, draftsmen, foremen and workers.

A measurement is presented of the inelastic proton-proton cross section at a centre-of-mass energy of ?s=7 TeV. Using the CMS detector at the LHC, the inelastic cross section is measured through two independent methods based on information from (i) forward calorimetry (for pseudorapidity 3200 MeV/c. The measurements cover a large fraction of the inelastic cross section for particle production over about nine units of pseudorapidity and down to small transverse momenta. The results are compared with those of other experiments, and with models used to describe high-energy hadronic interactions. © 2013 CERN. ; California Earthquake Authority Serbia Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Fuel Cell Technologies Program, FCT Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR: Ukraine Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung, BMWF Marketing Science Institute Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission: Pakistan Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences National Electronics and Computer Technology Center: Thailand Hispanics in Philanthropy California Department of Fish and Game Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación National Research Foundation Canadian Mathematical Society U.S. Department of Energy Academy of Finland Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Ministerio de Educación y Cultura Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu Taipei Research Promotion Foundation: Cyprus, SF0690030s09 National Science Foundation Science and Technology Facilities Council Human Growth Foundation Croatia Austrian Science Fund Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo Secretaría de Educación Pública Western Carolina University Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung National Natural Science Foundation of China Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Hungarian Scientific Research Fund Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India Rochester Academy of Science Department of Science and Technology, Government of Rajasthan Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq ?????????? ???? ??????????????? ???????????? (????) Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, COLCIENCIAS Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeze a Telovychovy, Not Available Nemzeti Kutatási és Technológiai Hivatal, NKTH: Hungary CERN European Regional Development Fund NSC General Secretariat for Research and Technology, GSRT Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Santa Fe Institute Louisiana Academy of Sciences ; We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC machine. We thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and other CMS institutes, and acknowledge support from BMWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq , CAPES , FAPERJ , and FAPESP (Brazil); MEYS (Bulgaria); CERN ; CAS , MoST , and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); MoER , SF0690030s09 and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland , MEC , and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF , DFG , and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NKTH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF and WCU (Korea); LAS (Lithuania); CINVESTAV , CONACYT , SEP , and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MSI (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan); MON , RosAtom , RAS and RFBR (Russia); MSTD (Serbia); SEIDI and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSC (Taipei); ThEP , IPST and NECTEC (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA). --

Рассмотрены положения «Алфавитной Синтагмы» Матфея Властаря, касающиеся прерогатив царской и патриаршей власти. Рассмотрено содержание ответов восточных патриархов на вопросы царя Алексея Михайловича о взаимоотношениях светской и духовной властей. Проведено сравнение ответов патриархов и положений Синтагмы, на которую ссылаются восточные первосвятители, отдавшие в итоге ведущую роль русскому государю, что вполне устраивало Алексея Михайловича и было неприемлемо для патриарха Никона. Подчеркивается, что Алексей Михайлович при поддержке восточных патриархов сумел нарушить хрупкое равновесие и сместить акценты в сторону усиления монаршей власти. ; In the middle of the 17th century the state church relationships underwent certain changes. The beginning of Alexei Mikhailovich's monarchial authority's shift to absolutism ran contrary to Patriarch Nikon's aspirations for the primacy of spiritual power over the secular. Nikon's withdrawal from the Patriarch's throne in 1658 put Romanov the second in a rather difficult position. On the one hand, Nikon did not abdicate the Patriarch's position and remained the pontiff de jure. On the other hand, Alexei Mikhailovich became a de facto head of the Russian church. As the final solution of the "Nikon's case" was not reached despite the conclusions of the Church council of 1660, Alexei Mikhailovich decided to elect a new Russian Patriarch with the participation of Oriental Patriarchs. In 1662 letters with Alexei Mikhailovich's questions about the relationships between the secular and the spiritual powers were sent to the Orient. Relying on the Patriarchs' answers, Russian bishops had to make a decision about the Patriarch Nikon. In their answers about the prerogatives of the Tsar and the Patriarch Oriental hierarchs relied on the "Alphabetical Syntagma" by Mathew Vlastar, the most authoritative compendium of canonic rules and civil laws regulating the Church's activities after the fall of Constantinople. Mathew Vlastar's compendium was in use in the Greek and other Christian churches. In Russia the "Syntagma" was known since the 15th century. The compendium included the clauses of the Epanagoge, the legislative source of the second half of the 9th century dealing with the functions of the secular and spiritual powers. The analysis of the Oriental Patriarchs' answers to Alexei Mikhailovich's questions and the comparison between their answers and the clauses of the "Syntagma" shows that the Patriarchs supported the Russian Tsar unequivocally. The Oriental pontiffs did not mention the "symphony of power" and gave the leading role, the primacy in the state and the full authority to the Tsar. The Patriarchs developed the doctrine of the impossibility of two equal powers' coexistence within the state which contradicted the Epanagoge. As to the role Patriarch, the subject of the whole chapter of the Compendium reiterating the clauses of the Epanagoge, Oriental pontiffs interpreted it in their own way which benefited Alexei Mikhailovich and was unacceptable for Patriarch Nikon. From the point of view of Oriental Patriarchs, Russian tsar was the Tsar of Universe while the Russian Patriarch was a local pontiff. On the basis of the clauses of the Epanagoge which became part of the "Syntagma" the Patriarch of Constantinople had the primacy while other Patriarchs had the decisive role in their dioceses. Thus, Alexei Mikhailovich supported by Oriental Patriarchs managed to tilt the balance to his favor and to strengthen the power of the monarch.