Suchergebnisse

The International Finance Corporation (IFC), in partnership with the Fiji Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) and the Fiji Ministry of Industry, Trade, and Tourism (MITT), conducted a study of the sourcing of imported and local fresh produce by Fiji's hotel sector. The study analyzes the purchasing patterns of Fiji's hotels, to better understand existing linkages between the tourism and agriculture sectors, and to identify opportunities to improve these linkages. This report covers Fiji's main tourism areas of Nadi, Lautoka, the Mamanuca and Yasawa Islands, Denarau, and the Coral Coast that are home to 74 percent of all bed places. The report estimates the demand for vegetables, fruits, meats, seafood, dairy, herbs, and juice products across hotels in Fiji's main tourism areas. Based on this demand estimate, as well as on feedback from specialists working in the sector and qualitative interviews with hotel chefs, owners, and purchasing managers, the report identifies specific fresh produce items that have potential for import replacement by local agricultural producers. The results and recommendations in this report can be used by the Fijian Government, farmers and suppliers, donor and development partners, hotels, and the broader agricultural industry to develop, fund, and implement the policies and practices required to increase economic linkages between tourism operators and farmers.

This paper examines the politicization of the United Nations Security Council (SC) and seeks to explore the causes and effects of this process. I will first demonstrate that the SC has expanded both its scope and authority after the end of the Cold War. With the SC becoming more powerful I then consider whether the Council has become the target of politicization and has met with criticism and resistance. I find that there is an on-going, observable process of politicization although the SC is significantly less contested than a number of other international organizations. Regarding the possible effects of politicization, the paper examines whether and to what extent the Security Council has adapted its institutional design. I find that the Council has—hesitantly— opened up to civil society actors, although interaction with NGOs is limited to an informal consultation process coupled with broad discretionary power of the SC's Permanent Members. In the concluding part of the paper I briefly examine how this outcome might be best explained and offer some hypotheses for further research. ; Das vorliegende Papier untersucht die Politisierung des UN-Sicherheitsrats und beleuchtet Bedingungsfaktoren und Effekte dieses Prozesses. Dazu wird zunächst gezeigt, dass der Sicherheitsrat nach dem Ende des Kalten Krieges deutlich an Bedeutung gewonnen hat und nicht nur seinen Kompetenzbereich ausgeweitet hat, sondern auch zunehmend tief in nationale Gesellschaften hineinregiert. Anschließend wird beleuchtet, ob der Sicherheitsrat im Zuge dieses Machtzuwachses zur Zielscheibe von Kritik und Widerstand wurde. Es zeigt sich, dass sich ein Prozess der Politisierung feststellen lässt, der gleichwohl deutlich unter Schwelle von Protesten bleibt wie sie von anderen internationalen Organisationen bekannt sind. Hinsichtlich möglicher Effekte von Politisierung wird gefragt, ob das Gremium sein institutionelles Design angepasst und sich für zivilgesellschaftliche Akteure geöffnet hat. Es wird deutlich, dass sich der Sicherheitsrat zwar in der Tat zunehmend für NGOs öffnet, dass diese Öffnung aber auf informelle Konsultationen beschränkt bleibt, deren Zustandekommen zudem stark dem Willen der Ständigen Mitglieder unterworfen ist. Der letzte Teil des Papier fragt schließlich, wie ein solcher Prozess der partiellen Öffnung erklärt werden kann und formuliert einige Hypothesen für künftige Forschung.

International migration is a global phenomenon, with its complexity, volume and influence on the economic development of countries constantly increasing. The aim of the article is to study the state of external migration processes in Ukraine and the world, analyze factors and main trends, determine the causes of external labor population migration and their consequences for the social and economic development of our country, reveal the existing threats and negative consequences of the international labor migration for the migrants and the economy of Ukraine. The methodology of researching the scope and dynamics of migration processes, the specific features of the migration policy development in Ukraine and the world is based on the application of general scientific and special methods of the scientific research: dialectical, systematic approaches, sociological survey, comparison, statistical analysis. A particular attention is paid to the identification of the social and economic causes and consequences of the international labor migration from Ukraine. The directions of the Ukrainian labor migration, taking into account the age groups and employment sectors of domestic labor migrants, are analyzed. The main approaches to improving the state migration policy based on the regulation of labor migration processes in Ukraine, slowing the dynamics of the population migration, the retention of the population number and structure at the level providing support for the territories economic development, improvement of the national international legislation, suspension of migration expenditures, creation of conditions for the cohort of Ukrainian citizens working abroad reverse migration, etc.