Suchergebnisse

There is an ethical imperative to analyze the ethical issues built into every aspect of the discipline of IR. Also, the "Ethics of IR"? is not a sub-discipline of IR, but is core to the whole discipline. Adapted from the source document.

Abstract: This paper investigates the long-run equilibrium relationships and short-term effect of international trade and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on international technology transfers in selected African and Asian countries from 1980 to 2013.The Johansen and Juselius multivariate co-integration technique and the granger causality test was used to test these relationships. The findings confirmed the presence of co-integrating vectors in the models of these countries. The outcome of the test posits short-run causal relationships, which run either bidirectionally or unidirectionally in all the variables for the selected countries. However, the most interesting lesson for many developing countries in Africa and Asia is that this study confirmed that international technology transfers supported domestic investment, economic growth, exports and imports of goods and services in some of these countries. Finally, all the variables in each model adjusted to equilibrium in the long-run, except for domestic investment in the Malaysian, Nigerian and Indian systems. The study thereby suggests an improved government policies and regulatory framework to improve international technology transfers, domestic investment, economic growth, and exports and imports of goods and services.Keywords: International Technology Transfer, Foreign Direct Investment, Trade, Vector Error Correction Modeling, Africa, Asia

Donors hope that their foreign aid can be influential, far beyond the development projects that they fund. Frequently, aid providers attach political conditions to their monies in the hope that these demands can serve as catalysts to improve the governance in the recipient. This is called a political conditionality approach. Few countries have felt the weight of conditionality as much as Malawi did in the 1990s. Here, donors were able to use aid sanctions to successfully encourage democratization, while strengthening the demands of domestic opposition forces. This paper argues that three factors were critical in this process: 1) aid dependency, 2) donor coordination, and 3) a strong and persistent domestic opposition. With their combined weight, foreign donors and Malawian civil society were able to change the tide in this once highly authoritarian country.