Suchergebnisse

Data oon the use of newspapers, magazines,radio, TV, & cinema from samples of Me & Uc French & Egyptians are analyzed. A sample of 200 was selected in each country, approximately 50% M & 50% F, & all 18 or older. Income, educ & occup's are typical of the Mc & Uc pop of these countries in general. Me's & Uc's in both countries made more use of newspapers than of any other medium. However, a surprisingly large N of French R's did not see or hear any MM the day of the study. SES as measured by income, educ & occup was not a good predictor of media use by R's in either country. Men spent more time than women on the media. In Egypt, R's showed more interest in media advertising than did those in France. AA.

"Weaving together analyses of archival material, news coverage, and interviews conducted with journalists from mainstream and partisan outlets as well as with activists across the political spectrum, Deana A. Rohlinger reimagines how activists use a variety of mediums, sometimes simultaneously, to agitate for - and against - legal abortion"--

This experiment assesses the effectiveness of two desensitization strategies for reducing emotional reactions to mass media. Children from two grade levels (kindergarten and first vs. second through fourth grade) were assigned to one of three conditions before watching a frightening movie scene involving lizards: passive exposure to a live lizard, modeled exposure during which the experimenter touched the live lizard, or no exposure. Results revealed that modeled exposure decreased emotional reactions and negative interpretations of lizards for both age groups, whereas passive exposure had a more limited effect on emotional reactions and did not influence interpretations. The findings are consistent with current theories of desensitization and observational learning.

Die Expertise zur Vorbereitung der Kulturkonferenz der FDJ beinhaltet Erkenntnisse des Zentralinstituts für Jugendforschung der DDR zur Kulturfunktion der Massenmedien. Unter der Prämisse, daß die Gesamtprogramme der Medien sowie fast alle Presseorgane zur Persönlichkeitsentwicklung der Jugend beitragen müssen, behandelt die Expertise folgende Thematiken: (1) Die Rolle der Massenmedien im kulturellen Alltag Jugendlicher; (2) Probleme der Herausbildung von Erwartungen gegenüber Kunst und Literatur; (3) die Verantwortung der Massenmedien für die Entwicklung von Kunstverständnis und der Fähigkeit, mit Kunstwerken zu kommunizieren; (4) das Problem der Wirksamkeit der Massenmedien und sich daraus ergebende Schlußfolgerungen. Die Autoren bemerken abschließend, daß erfolgreiche Einwirkungsmöglichkeiten auf Jugendliche nur durch langfristige Aktivitäten der Massenmedien im Zusammenhang mit solchen der FDJ-Organisationen, der Schule und anderen Institutionen realisiert werden können. (ICC)

This experiment assesses children's reactions to dreams conveyed in mass media programming. A total of 120 children from two grade levels (kinder-garten and first vs. second through fourth) watched one of four versions of a frightening movie scene that were created by factorially varying the inclusion of a prologue and an epilogue. Both the prologue and the epilogue relied upon standard production techniques to convey that the story was a dream. Results revealed that both age groups who saw either the prologue or the epilogue were able to recognize the dream. Moreover, the prologue reduced children's negative interpretations of and emotional reactions to the program, whereas the epilogue had no such effects. The findings are consistent with research on children's comprehension of formal features and with the idea that formal features can activate schemata.

In the past, the majlis or dıwanıyah a sitting room used for socializing in many Gulf homes, was often a place of music-making. In recent years, however, the 'ud, duff, and tabl have been supplanted by satellite TV, Wi-Fi Internet connections, and video game consoles. Other long-established music-making contexts in the Gulf have also disappeared, particularly songs associated with maritime occupations that were such an intrinsic part of life in the recent past. Some of these songs were performed as accompaniments to tasks on ships, such as pulling up the anchor or setting the sail, whereas others were songs of supplication, asking God for protection from the perils of the seas (Al-Taee 2005). Traditional music in the region has also suffered from the breakdown of original patronage systems, as wealthy merchants now seek to invest in skyscrapers and artificially created islands rather than support musical ensembles. With the disappearance of these traditional music-making contexts and support networks, mass media has increasingly become the primary mode of experiencing music, both old and new, in the region.

Mediated Nostalgia works to help understand the cultural, historical, and sociological implications of a past-obsessed media industry. It takes a cross-media and interdisciplinary approach in its study of the nostalgia common in contemporary digital media, film, television, and video games.

A richly illustrated history of the American Anti-Slavery Society and its print, material, and visual artifactsBeginning with its establishment in the early 1830s, the American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS) recognized the need to reach and consolidate a diverse and increasingly segmented audience. To do so, it produced a wide array of print, material, and visual media: almanacs and slave narratives, pincushions and gift books, broadsides and panoramas. Building on the distinctive practices of British antislavery and evangelical reform movements, the AASS utilized innovative business strategies to market its productions and developed a centralized distribution system to circulate them widely. In Selling Antislavery, Teresa A. Goddu shows how the AASS operated at the forefront of a new culture industry and, by framing its media as cultural commodities, made antislavery sentiments an integral part of an emerging middle-class identity. She contends that, although the AASS's dominance waned after 1840 as the organization splintered, it nevertheless created one of the first national mass markets.Goddu maps this extensive media culture, focusing in particular on the material produced by AASS in the decade of the 1830s. She considers how the dissemination of its texts, objects, and tactics was facilitated by the quasi-corporate and centralized character of the organization during this period and demonstrates how its institutional presence remained important to the progress of the larger movement. Exploring antislavery's vast archive and explicating its messages, she emphasizes both the discursive and material aspects of antislavery's appeal, providing a richly textured history of the movement through its artifacts and the modes of circulation it put into place.Featuring more than seventy-five illustrations, Selling Antislavery offers a thorough case study of the role of reform movements in the rise of mass media and argues for abolition's central importance to the shaping of antebellum middle-class culture

The author of this article makes review and compares some articles from the most influent and popular German newspapers, concerning the last local elections in Russia. This event is presented from the point of view of different political trends and their attitude to elective democracy in Russia.

Mass media plays a crucial role in infirmation distribution and thus in the political market and public policy making. Theory predicts that infirmation provided by mass media reflects the media's incentives to provide news to different types of groups in society, and affects these groups?influence in policy-making. We use data on agricultural policy from 60 countries, spanning a wide range of development stages and media markets, to test these predictions. We find that, in line with theoretical predictions, public support to agriculture is strongly affected by the structure of the mass media. In particular, a greater role of the private mass media in society is associated with policies which benefit the majority more: it reduces taxation of agriculture in poor countries and reduces subsidization of agriculture in rich countries, ceteris paribus. The evidence is also consistent with the hypothesis that increased competition in commercial media reduces transfers to special interest groups and contributes to more efficient public policies.

The MM have been given an important role in models of nat'l development. An important derivative hypothesis is that media exposure stimulates pol'al knowledge & participation. Existing evidence is sparce & fails to specify the processes involved in this relationship. For this reason, 200 personal interviews were taken with adults in Quito, Ecuador. The media exposure-pol'al knowledge r was only +.24. Among the media, only magazine reading & TV viewing were clearly related to knowledge. Other media factors were better predictors: the specific reading patterns within the newspaper, & possession of media in the home. A remarkably low level of trust in the news presented by all media was shown; however, this was unrelated to the level of knowledge. Interpersonal COMM, expressed in the desired style of COMM within the fam, was related to both media use & pol'al knowledge. This complicates the simple media exposurepol'al knowledge hyp. A multi-dimensional to the relationship of MM use, interpersonal COMM, & pol'al knowledge is required. AA.

The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Mass Media and Society discusses media around the world in their varied forms - newspapers, magazines, radio, television, film, books, music, websites, social media, mobile media - and describes the role of each in both mirroring and shaping society. This encyclopedia provides a thorough overview of media within social and cultural contexts, exploring the development of the mediated communication industry, mediated communication regulations, and societal interactions and effects. This reference work will look at issues such as free expression and government regulation of media; how people choose what media to watch, listen to, and read; and how the influence of those who control media organizations may be changing as new media empower previously unheard voices. The role of media in society will be explored from international, multidisciplinary perspectives via approximately 700 articles drawing on research from communication and media studies, sociology, anthropology, social psychology, politics, and business.