Suchergebnisse

"Death of four journalists in El Salvador", "Six journalists reported missing", "Release of three journalists detained on spying charges"—these are just some of the headlines of recent dispatches calling to mind the problem which we will be dealing with in this article: journalists who do their job in situations of armed conflict run risks. What provisions does public international law make to protect them and to facilitate the exercise of their professional activity?

AbstractIn this article, we review criminological perspectives of girls' violence. To do this, we first look at the 20th‐century tendency to view violent girls as being the same as violent boys or as taking up dangerous types of masculinity. Second, we consider the contemporary ways that researchers have tried to move beyond male‐centered and masculinized explanations of female violence. Noting potential problems with current perspectives, we argue that researchers need to address the contexts surrounding female offending, which includes understanding the effects and nature of gender, race, and class inequalities and how they (singly and in combination) predict popular representations and treatment of violent girls. We conclude by cautioning contemporary researchers to avoid returning to androcentric perspectives of girls' physical aggression. Not only are such perspectives logically problematic, they are also consequential. In particular, they have facilitated the masculinization and punishment of poor or working‐class girls of color who are filling US detention centers and juvenile prisons in ever increasing numbers.

Recent years have witnessed substantial and sustained increases in the number of armed robberies recorded in England and Wales. Drawing upon an analysis of police records and interviews with convicted armed robbers, this study explores the circumstances in which such offences take place and the extent to which the guns used in robbery are actually capable of discharging lethal shot. It is hoped that this investigation will increase understanding of the phenomenon of firearm use in crime and that it will contribute to a rational consideration of what would constitute appropriate responses by potential victims, the police and other agencies of the criminal justice system.