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PurposeEthics education in accounting has become more of an issue after the Enron collapse. The aim of the study is to evaluate the importance given to accounting ethics education in business schools in Turkey and to discuss the possible problems by comparing the results with developed countries.Design/methodology/approachFor the evaluation of the ethics education in Turkey, a questionnaire was sent to all accounting departments of business schools.FindingsIn this study low rates of ethics education in Turkey were found but, if an academician has received accounting ethics education, he/she is shown to be more likely to teach ethics.Originality/valueThese experiences would be a good guide for Turkish academics for development of ethics education in accounting programmes of business schools.

After discussing the history of higher education in Turkey & the Arab world, the foundation & development of institutions of higher learning as part of the 20th-century modernization process are discussed, using Egypt as a case study. Since university funding, administration, & operation have always been almost exclusively a state function, university development has been dependent on politics & state income &, therefore, has been more successful in the Arab oil-producing states than in poorer ones. University foundation & orientation have been a means to support upward mobility of the population, while promoting national status & patriotic attitudes. Turkish & Arab modernizers after WWII had the challenge of developing European-style universities in communities with many traditional elements. This contrast has evolved with Islamic religious elements penetrating student circles, dislodging Marxist Left & extreme Right positions & polarizing the student body. In addition, as higher learning has been modernized, preuniversity education feeding the universities also has had to modernize. 1 Table. M. Pflum

The process by which affirmative action (AA) programs have become extensions of the very bureaucracy that administrators & faculty are trying to control is examined. Arguments against the further bureaucratization of AA programs in Paul Piccone's "The Crisis of American Conservatism" (see SA 41:1/93Z5179) are critically assessed, & examples from the U of California's AA policies are drawn on to defend minority hiring policies & to vitiate Piccone's artificial negativity thesis. In Artificial Negativity as a Bureaucratic Tool? Reply to Roe, Piccone argues that, by analyzing the dynamics of bureaucracies in terms of an uncritically accepted leftist interpretation of AA policies, Roe offers an unconvincing defense of the bureaucratic mishandling of hiring policies that could never be effectively implemented.

The era of independence for black Africa began with Ghana's independence from GB in 1957. Today, fifty-one African countries are independent, with all but one under majority rule. However, in the past three decades, many governments have risen & fallen, national economies have collapsed, & famine & hunger have turned Africa into the beggar-child of the world. Political instability has become the only stable feature of contemporary African political history. Much of this is due to the heritage of colonialism. What African nations need now is what politicians seem incapable of offering -- good leadership. After examining the African predicament, & analyzing the patterns of political leadership, it is suggested that African Us, acting as a Fifth Estate, could encourage evolution of responsible & effective leadership. To do so, they must first undergo an organic transformation to become truly African in outlook, philosophy, & content. Relevent academic programs would be restructured to incorporate national philosophies & ethical values that guide social action & behavior. Modified AA