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Networks of Global Social Policy Diffusion: The Effects of Culture, Economy, Colonial legacies, and Geographic Proximity -- The Global Diffusion of Work-Injury Insurance: The Role of Spatial Networks and Nation Building -- Networks of Global Policy Diffusion. The Introduction of Compulsory Education -- The Global Diffusion of Adult Basic Education -- The Emergence of Healthcare Systems -- Introduction of Long-Term Care Systems: The Nascent Diffusion of an Emergent Field of Social Policy -- Origins of Family Policy: Prerequisites or Diffusion -- From Geneva to the World? Global Network Diffusion of Anti-Discrimination Legislation in Employment and Occupation: The ILO's C111 -- The Diffusion of Workplace Anti-discrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community -- Critical Summary and Concluding Remarks. .

The author argues that the countries that, at the end of the 20th century, have economic, social and ecological success will not be unleashed market economies but ""active and learning societies"" that attempt to solve their problems via an organizational and governance-related pluralism

Belonging is a fundamental human need and prerequisite for higher-level learning. This sense of belonging in nursing begins during nursing education and coincides with the development of a professional nursing identity. Nurses who have a sense of belonging during their initial education typically develop a solidified professional nursing identity, are committed to the profession, and are less likely to experience burnout as nurses. Belonging is linked with retention; thus, fostering belonging may improve nursing retention among new graduate nurses. The extent to which online education affects a sense of belonging for nursing students and their future commitment to the nursing profession is not well understood. The purpose of this article is to explore belonging in online education, highlighting research within online nursing education where possible, and to review strategies to foster belonging in online nursing classrooms. Nurse educators are positioned to address barriers to belonging and implement strategies to foster a sense of belonging with their students. Future research is needed to examine benefits of a sense of belonging for students and professional nurses, related to educational delivery format, program level, and persistent impact on professional nursing practice.

To foster innovativeness for supporting (forest-based) bioeconomy development, participation in decision-making and interaction between diverse actors become a necessary precondition for designing and implementing transition policies. However, who forms the emerging policy networks, and which policy beliefs are promoted? Based on data from a national online survey, we performed a quantitative social network analysis to investigate emerging social structures and policy beliefs in the context of the Finnish forest-based bioeconomy. Our explorative analysis shows that research, governmental, and industrial organizations mainly constitute the Finnish forest-based bioeconomy network. Actors primarily exchange information, and most key organizations report high levels of trust among each other. However, the network structure is rather closed. This raises concerns about equal benefit sharing and the inclusiveness of concerned actors. We discuss the implication of this network structure for enabling new innovations. Finally, we present the key aspects and drivers of business as usual, and suggest an option for or a more transformative change in the Finnish forest-based bioeconomy. ; Peer reviewed

Background: Inadequate financing is one of the major barriers in securing equitable access to high-quality physical rehabilitation services, without imposing financial hardship. Despite this, no sufficient attention has been paid to physical rehabilitation services and no specific financial resources have been allocated to such services in many countries including Iran. Owing to the fact that effective decision- and policy-making requires identifying possible stakeholders and actors and their characteristics, in the current study a stakeholder analysis and also a social network analysis (SNA) was conducted to identify the potential stakeholders and also their characteristics involved in physical rehabilitation financing (PRF)-related policies in Iran. Methods: The present study was performed in two phases. Firstly, semi-structured interviews and relevant document review were conducted to identify the stakeholders. Then, the position, power, interest, and influence of each stakeholder were determined using a web-based questionnaire. Secondly, SNA approach was utilized to map and visualize the interactions among stakeholders. Results: The findings showed that there are different stakeholders in PRF-related decision- and policy-making processes in Iran. In addition, the position, power, interest, and influence level of the identified stakeholders were varied. Moreover, although some stakeholders, like the Ministry of Health and the parliament have the highest level of power and position, they lack sufficient interest to participate in PRF-policies. Furthermore, SNA demonstrated that social network density was low, which indicates the lack of proper collaboration and interaction among the stakeholders. Conclusion: As many powerful and influential stakeholders had low interest levels to warrant participate in the FPR-related decision- and policy-making processes in Iran, employing careful and effective strategies, that is ongoing negotiations, receiving advocacy, and making senior managers and policy-makers aware can be helpful. © 2020 The Author(s).

While social networks are now a part of everyday life for the vast majority of people using computers, smartphones, and tablets, privacy is but an afterthought. Google+ has in excess of 100 million users a month while Facebook has topped 1 billion. Other more specialized networks such as Linked-in add to the fray. But from a privacy perspective the biggest concern for users should be the efforts to integrate the networking apps into all other forms of online activity as well as the constant effort to link additional data to network information, in addition to the network owners' efforts to market that information to third party vendors. Further, Facebook and other networking sites have already begun to build search capabilities and other facilities into their systems that extend the information they collect from users even further. What protections do users really have?

[EN] The present work is a study of the detection of negative emotional states that people have using social network sites (SNSs), and the effect that this negative state has on the repercussions of posted messages. We aim to discover in which grade a user having an affective state considered negative by an Analyzer can affect other users and generate bad repercussions. Those Analyzers that we propose are a Sentiment Analyzer, a Stress Analyzer and a novel combined Analyzer. We also want to discover what Analyzer is more suitable to predict a bad future situation, and in what context. We designed a Multi-Agent System (MAS) that uses different Analyzers to protect or advise users. This MAS uses the trained and tested Analyzers to predict future bad situations in social media, which could be triggered by the actions of a user that has an emotional state considered negative. We conducted an experimentation with different datasets of text messages from Twitter.com to examine the ability of the system to predict bad repercussions, by comparing the polarity, stress level or combined value classification of the messages that are replies to the ones of the messages that originated them. ; This work was supported by the project TIN2017-89156-R of the Spanish government. ; Aguado-Sarrió, G.; Julian Inglada, VJ.; García-Fornes, A. (2018). Towards Aiding Decision-Making in Social Networks by Using Sentiment and Stress Combined Analysis. Information. 9(5):1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/info9050107 ; S ; 1 ; 13 ; 9 ; 5

The internet is opening up new spaces for communication between young post-revolutionary urbanites in the Lao People's Democratic Republic and the exiled communities of the diaspora in the United States and elsewhere. While the Lao Government values the internet for its ability to harness the economic potential of these communities, it also exposes young elites in the capital, Vientiane, to critical debates about what a future Laos 'should' be. Such debates are almost non-existent in the tightly controlled authoritarian public sphere within Laos. This article analyses the participation of post-revolutionaries in debates in the online public sphere and argues that it is informed by an ethics of reconciliation and responsibility lacking in the anti-communist politics of exile inspired by the West. The article is the product of extensive fieldwork in Laos and ongoing participation in online communities, discussion forums and messaging networks.

The internet is opening up new spaces for communication between young post-revolutionary urbanites in the Lao People's Democratic Republic and the exiled communities of the diaspora in the United States and elsewhere. While the Lao Government values the internet for its ability to harness the economic potential of these communities, it also exposes young elites in the capital, Vientiane, to critical debates about what a future Laos 'should' be. Such debates are almost non-existent in the tightly controlled authoritarian public sphere within Laos. This article analyses the participation of post-revolutionaries in debates in the online public sphere and argues that it is informed by an ethics of reconciliation and responsibility lacking in the anti-communist politics of exile inspired by the West. The article is the product of extensive fieldwork in Laos and ongoing participation in online communities, discussion forums and messaging networks.