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Cultural leadership is still a young concept in cultural policy and academic study. Emerging as a sectoral concern in the UK around 2002, its early development as both practice and discourse took place during a time of notable growth and optimism for the cultural sector, despite being rooted in a perceived crisis of institutional management. It has developed into a training and development agenda of international significance. Changes in economic and political circumstances over the past three years have dramatically altered the context in which cultural leaders operate. This is to some extent reflected in the terminological shift towards resilience in recent initiatives. However, the largely economistic foundation of cultural leadership discourse remains unchallenged, with a continuing emphasis on achieving well-run cultural businesses and sustainable structures. This paper reconsiders cultural leadershipŸs history as a live topic in the policy arena and questions the sufficiency of the values which continue to underpin it. It argues that the key site of crisis for cultural leaders has shifted from organisational governance to the social, ethical and aesthetic demands of an emerging political era, the nature of which cultural leaders must themselves play a role in shaping. These issues are explored through interviews with artists, producers and cultural activists, while the assumptions of cultural leadership discourse are considered with reference to key literature and research. A more complex and critical approach to cultural leadership is proposed, demanding dynamic responses from policy makers and practitioners alike.

The geography of poverty has changed. More than 70 percent of the world s poor live not in low-income countries, but in middle-income countries. In 2008, nearly 570 million people lived on less than US$1.25 a day in South Asia, compared to 385 million in sub-Saharan Africa. In addition, nearly 70 percent of the poor people in South Asia live in the lagging regions. Improving the living standards of these regions is crucial to achieving the goal of shared prosperity. Economic growth is not sufficient to enable the lagging regions of South Asia to catch up with the leading regions, in terms of proportional reductions in poverty rates. Policies must be specifically targeted toward achieving greater growth and poverty reduction in these regions. One particular policy channel to achieve shared prosperity is pro-poor fiscal transfers. For the most part, interstate fiscal transfers in South Asian countries do promote equity through transfer of resources to poorer regions, but this outcome usually occurs when pro-poor redistribution has explicit rules and transparency. Further, simply directing financial resources to lagging regions may not be sufficient, and may need to be complemented with increases in capacity, transparency, and participation to facilitate accountability at the local level. Policy makers need to boost shared prosperity and take another look at the millennium development goal paradigm. A new lens is needed- one that shifts the focus of policy from national to subnational level, and from leading to lagging regions, where poverty, gender disparity, and human misery are concentrated.

Whole-School Professional Development (PD) days held regularly in schools are designed to promote and up-skill school staff on relevant areas of educational policy and practice. An aim of PD days is to empower participants with new knowledges and skills, and to confirm that current practices and interpretations of education policy and procedure are correct. In determining the nature of the professional development content, school executives make decisions based on their perceived needs of the staffing group, available speakers, current departmental policy and practice requirements. Deciding the topics for the professional development day for school staff has tended to adopt a 'one size fits all' general approach that is rationalised as being broad in nature and of benefit to all. In adopting such an approach to a diverse teaching cohort, one may question just how valuable and meaningful this training day is in meeting the individual needs of all participating teachers. This paper reports on the benefits a more individualised approach to a whole-school PD training day had for one government primary school in Australia. Foundational to the detailed design of the PD days, the 'School-based Learning for Individual Diversity in Education' (SLIDE) project proceeded by identifying the individual needs of each staff member in the school community through an interview prior to the delivery of the two-day training. Embedded in an action research model, the SLIDE project reported evidence of improved teacher self-confidence, improved communication between all levels, and a boost to the level of whole-school staff cohesion and morale.

УДК: 330.341.1(477)(045) кандидат економічних наук, Тарасова І. І., Каморіна К. А.Вінницький торговельно-економічний інститутКиївського національного торговельно-економічного університетуІнноваційна діяльність України в контексті європейської інтеграціїУ статті досліджено основні аспекти та тенденції розвитку інноваційної політики в Україні, розглянуті проблеми інноваційної підтримки підприємств України, були визначені основні завдання, методи та пріоритетні напрямки інноваційної політики України. А також був зроблений порівняльний аналіз ефективності інновацій в Європейському Союзі та в Україні. Ключові слова: Європейський Союз, інноваційний розвиток, інноваційні витрати, інноваційна політика, малі та середні підприємства.кандидат экономических наук, Тарасова И. И., Каморина Е. А. Инновационная деятельность Украины в контексте европейской интеграции/ Винницкий торгово-экономический інститут Киевского торгово-экономического университетаВ статье исследованы основные аспекты и тенденции развития инновационной политики в Украине, рассмотрены проблемы инновационной поддержки предприятий Украины, были определены основные задачи, методы и приоритетные направления инновационной политики Украины. А также был произведен сравнительный анализ эффективности инноваций в странах Европейского Союза и Украине.Ключевые слова: Европейский Союз, инновационное развитие, инновационные расходы, инновационная политика, малые и средние предприятия.candidate of Ekonomic Sciences, I. Tarasova, K. Kamoryna Innovative activities of Ukraine in the context of european integration/ Vinnitsa Trade and Economic Institut of Kyiv Trade and Economic UniversityThis article investigates the main aspects and trends in innovation policy in Ukraine, the problems of innovation support enterprises of Ukraine, defines the main objectives, methods and priorities for innovation policy in Ukraine. And was made a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of innovations in the European Union and Ukraine.Keywords: European Union, innovative development, innovation expenses, innovation policy, small and medium enterprises.

To effectively communicate and disseminate the outputs of CropM and MACSUR per se at national, EU and global levels it is essential that we engage with the appropriate audiences and tailor the level and depth of the outputs accordingly. Consequently for the range of stakeholder outputs there will be a staged period of engagement with stakeholders in the policy and industry sectors (and where appropriate others). This will be driven by the strategies outlined in WP6.3-4 (Strategies for engagement on adaptation and mitigation with national and EU policy makers and with the agro-food chain sector). Once enacted and the feedback collated these response will facilitate the co-construction of an appropriate dissemination strategy. Aligned with this will be a series of standardised dissemination routes that will deliver globally but will then often be followed up by a more local (national) output/dissemination activity tailored for that region. The dissemination strategy will include but will not be limited to multiple and various methods of information distribution including Scientific papers and presentations. Agricultural sector/industry focused talks/presentations and workshops. A fully developed and interactive website (part of the larger project). Social Media Podcasts and WebTV with key actors in the crop and climate change arena including scientists, and stakeholders (policy, agriculturalists and industry representatives). Integration with the cognate EU platforms, e.g. EIP Agricultural and Sustainability, EIT-KIC Climate Change(ETP), the appropriate ETPs (http://cordis.europa.eu/technology-platforms/individual_en.html) and major EU projects such as SUSFOOD etc.

Political parties not only aggregate the policy preferences of their supporters, but also have the ability to shape those preferences. Experimental evidence demonstrates that, when parties stake out positions on policy issues, partisans become more likely to adopt these positions, whether out of blind loyalty or because they infer that party endorsements signal options consistent with their interests or values. It is equally clear, however, that partisans do not always follow their party's lead. The authors investigate the impact of three party-level traits on partisan cue taking: longevity, incumbency, and ideological clarity. As parties age, voters may become more certain of both the party's reputation and their own allegiance. Governing parties must take action and respond to events, increasing the likelihood of compromise and failure, and therefore may dilute their reputation and disappoint followers. Incumbency aside, some parties exhibit greater ambiguity in their ideological position than other parties, undermining voter certainty about the meaning of cues. The authors test these hypotheses with experiments conducted in three multiparty democracies (Poland, Hungary, and Great Britain). They find that partisans more strongly follow their party's lead when that party is older, in the opposition, or has developed a more consistent ideological image. However, the impact of longevity vanishes when the other factors are taken into account. Underscoring the importance of voter (un)certainty, ideologically coherent opposition parties have the greatest capacity to shape the policy views of followers.

PurposeCurrent social entrepreneurship (SE) literature advocates a critical reexamination of the core construct. As such, and based on the seemingly endless definitional debate among academics, this paper seeks to empirically analyse social entrepreneurship discourse in the United Kingdom. It aims to posit that this debate is in fact detrimental to a more coherent and evenly distributed discourse. Furthermore, the ensuing ambiguities suit other, more powerful participants, and keeping this debate live allows the discourse to be shaped.Design/methodology/approachThe author utilised critical discourse analysis (CDA) in this study, developing a personal qualitative data set (including a third sector and SE corpora containing SE policies covering 2002‐2008). This data set was then subjected to an online analysis tool WMatrix, and both sets were compared with a widely used base line corpus.FindingsThe findings show that SE discourse is now firmly attached to public policy discourse. Furthermore, this public policy concerning SE was heavily imbued with political language and ideology. Thus, the findings show empirically that SE is characterised in broader public policy debates as a politically re‐constructed concept.Research limitations/implicationsSE will continue to be a contested concept in the public sphere, however further research should explore the potential of dissensus from political reconstructions as a powerful counter‐discourse.Originality/valueThis study is among the first to utilise CDA to interrogate SE discourse, and the analysis provides novel insights for academics and practitioners to reinterpret and contest SE as more than the solution for failing public services.

The study applied recent advances in propensity score matching methods to assess the impact of microfinance on household income and savings. Results suggest that overall programme participants' benefit incidence is indeed pro-poor. With respect to both household per capita income and savings, programme participation definitely has a positive impact for all low-income households. Consequently, this article's findings have several important policy implications. The large positive impact of participating in microfinance programmes on household income and savings suggest that microfinance programmes may improve household status in terms of wealth. The regressive effect on household per capita income suggests that poorer households do not feel as much the effects of the intervention compared to richer households. The policy implication of this regressive effect might be that for the poorest programme participants, the availability of programme loans and savings schemes may be not sufficient to become highly productive in income-generating activities. The finding of participation in microfinance programmes not being highly effective in terms of savings for richer households highlights the importance of a robust and accurate targeting mechanism for the microfinance programme in Sri Lanka. Against the backdrop of these findings, policy planners and microfinance practitioners could re-examine the targeting approach of microfinance in Sri Lanka. Finally, the principal message that emerges from the study is: there are quantitatively non-negligible, average gains from microfinance on household savings and income, especially for the poor. JEL Classification: O16, C14, C21, G21

This paper presents a review of deprivation at the sub-national (regional) level in Namibia in the material, employment, health, education, services and housing domains as well as constituency-level multiple deprivation, but aggregated at regional levels. The study provides a strong basis for interrogating the reasons for the existence of the wide inter- and intraregional inequality and inequity with respect to levels of income and access to basic services and identifying priority sectors, at the sub-national level, for public investments. Further, the study provides a useful basis for initiating public policy discourse with regard to resource allocation and, most importantly, ring fencing and targeting those resources to areas or sectors where the particular regions are most deprived and linking development to the exercise of political and other forms of leadership, and accountability for results and impact at the lowest possible level. Another possible contribution of this study could be the need for policy- and decisionmakers in Namibia to consider institutionalising the Namibia Index of Multiple Deprivationweighted Equalization Fund (NIMDEF), whereby regions - and subsequently constituencies - receive and apply development funds and other resources on the basis of the relative weights of their index of multiple deprivation and population sizes. The study is a useful addition to the existing collection of proposals for consideration by policy- and decision-makers to put the country on a new development pathway as it moves towards a green economy.

637Human rights — Remedies — Persons wrongfully convicted — Compensation — Applicant imprisoned following conviction — Subsequent quashing of conviction — 1976 and 1985 ministerial policy statements concerning payments of compensation from public funds — 1985 statement referring to Article 14(6) of International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966 ("ICCPR") and ex gratia payment of compensation — Whether applicant having right to compensation under Article 14(6) of ICCPR or Section 133 of Criminal Justice Act 1988 — Whether ex gratia payment of compensation appropriate — Whether magistrate public authority — Whether serious default on part of member of public authority — Whether Secretary of State acting unlawfully by refusing applicant compensationRelationship of international law and municipal law — International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966, Article 14(6) — 1985 ministerial policy statement referring to international obligations with respect to payment of compensation — 1985 statement referring to Article 14(6) of ICCPR — Section 133(1) of Criminal Justice Act 1988 giving statutory effect to Article 14(6) of ICCPR — Whether 1988 Act superseding 1985 statement — Whether "reversal" of conviction — Whether applicant could bring case within Article 14(6) of ICCPR or Section 133 of 1988 Act — Ministerial policy statements — Interpretation — Whether binding — Whether Secretary of State acting unlawfully by refusing applicant compensationTreaties — International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966, Article 14(6) — Right to compensation for punishment resulting from wrongful conviction — Whether applicant having right to compensation under Article 14(6) of ICCPR — The law of Northern Ireland

This dissertation investigates the link between contested territories, border changes, and nationalizing practices in twentieth century East-Central Europe through the case study of southern Slovakia (Felvidék) as it shifted between Czechoslovak and Hungarian sovereignty from the years 1938 to 1945. The region, claimed by Czechoslovak, Slovak, and Hungarian nationalists, had belonged to Hungary prior to the First World War, was awarded to Czechoslovakia by the Treaty of Trianon in 1920, returned to Hungary by the First Vienna Arbitration in 1938, and restored to Czechoslovakia after World War II. This project integrates political and social history, focusing on both state and local actors in order to ascertain the everyday effects of nationalizing policy on the residents of Felvidék. Utilizing a variety of first-hand accounts from Hungary, Slovakia, and abroad, it chronicles the transfer of Felvidék to Hungary in November 1938 amid grandiose nationalist celebrations. Through Hungarian foreign ministry documents and local reports, it also examines the burgeoning propaganda rivalry between Hungarian and Slovak irredentists for physical and ideological control of the territory. Hungarian educational policy in the region is explored with the help of textbooks and yearbooks. Court cases and interior ministry documents speak to the issues of loyalty and suspicion that became central to Felvidék's return to Hungarian sovereignty. The dissertation probes the difficulties of reintegrating Felvidék back into the Hungarian state, focusing on questions of education, minority policy, and identity politics, revealing a multiplicity of complex national identities and loyalties in the region that confounded state officials.

Brazil is a continent-size country with around 190 million inhabitants, the largest and most populous in South America. It is classified as a developing upper middle-income country and having considerable growth, although inequality remains significant. The health system is mixed; most of the population is served by the public Unified Health System ("Sistema Único de Saúde", SUS) and there is a thriving private health sector. The country faces multiple obstacles to improve and expand genetic services, due to its wide territory, sociocultural inequalities and major basic health problems. Most comprehensive genetic services are concentrated in large urban centers in the South and Southeast regions, mainly in tertiary care university hospitals. Demand for genetic services has increased and congenital malformations has been the second cause of infant mortality since 2000, but such data did not determine government policies or initiatives for the prevention and management of this group of problems until 2004, when the process for introducing medical genetics as a health policy by the Ministry of Health began. Details on the policy and an overview on congenital and genetic diseases, the state and availability of genetic services, genetic testing, medical genetics laboratories, training of human resources in medical genetics, newborn screening program, genetics networks, special care facilities, as well as educational, social and support programs for disabled people, research priorities in genetics and genomics, patient organizations and relevant issues regarding the challenge of implementing a comprehensive care policy in clinical genetics in this vast and diverse country are presented.

In this panel, we hope to address the intersection of patent law, technology incentivization, and environmental law. Using the both government involvement and private sphere involvement in clean technology incentivization, we hope to explore whether such measures and further measures can achieve the goal of bringing green and clean technologies to market and whether as a society we should be using patent law and other government incentives to encourage bringing such products to market. PANELISTS: Patrick Von Bargen is a public affairs consultant at Quinn Gillespie & Associates in Washington, D.C., focusing on the clean technology space. Prior to working at Quinn Gillespie & Associates, Mr. Von Bargen worked as chief of Staff to Sen. Jeff Bingaman, Managing Executive Policy & Staff at the SEC, and Vice President of the Council on Competitiveness. He also headed the National Commission on Entreprenuership and has a J.D. from Stanford Law and a M.B.A. from the Yale School of Management. Brad Klein is a Senior Attorney at the Environmental Law & Policy Center (ELPC) in Chicago, IL. Prior to working at the ELPC, Mr. Klein worked at the Environmental Law Institute and worked as an environmental consultant. At the ELPC, his work specializes in clean energy policy. Patrick G. Gattari is a Partner at McDonnell Boehnen Hulbert & Berghoff LLP, specializing in patent procurement, technology transactions, and patent enforcement. He has a J.D. from Southern Methodist University and a B.S. in Cellular and Molecular Biology from the University of Michigan. Stephan Lake is the Manager of Business Development and Marketing at Argonne National Laboratory.

The empirical regularities of behavioral economics, especially loss aversion, time inconsistency, other-regarding preferences, herd behavior, and framing of decisions, present significant challenges to traditional approaches to food security. The formation of price expectations, hoarding behavior, and welfare losses from highly unstable food prices all depends on these behavioral regularities. At least when they are driven by speculative bubbles, market prices for food staples (and especially for rice, the staple food of over 2 billion people) often lose their efficiency properties and the normative implications assigned by trade theory. Theoretical objections to government efforts to stabilize food prices, thus, have reduced saliency, although operational, financing, and implementation problems remain important, even critical. The experience of many Asian governments in stabilizing their rice prices over the past half century is drawn on in this paper to illuminate both the political mandates stemming from behavioral responses of citizens and operational problems facing efforts to stabilize food prices. Despite the theoretical problems with free markets, the institutional role of markets in economic development remains. All policy instruments must operate compatibly with prices in markets. During policy design, especially for policies designed to alter market prices, incentive structures need to be compatible with respect to both government capacity (bureaucratic and budgetary) and empirical behavior on the part of market participants who will respond to planned policy changes. A new theoretical underpinning to political economy analysis is needed that incorporates this behavioral perspective, with psychology, sociology, and anthropology all likely to make significant contributions.

Статья посвящена анализу фундаментальных философских категорий, таких как свобода, политика, образование и их влиянию на развитие личности. В настоящее время идея свободы становится одним из принципов обоснования положения человека в рационально организованном обществе. В качестве основных внешних условий осуществления свободы рассматриваются начала права и государственности. Впервые задача государственного регулирования образовательной и воспитательной деятельности ставится в рамках идеи просвещенного государства в XVIII в. В современном мире правовое государство ориентировано на обеспечение свободы для реализации творческих начал личности (инициативы), что находит своё отражение в образовательной политике. Образовательная политика должна координироваться на основе ориентиров национальной политики и сама является ее важнейшим инструментом, особенно в аспекте формирования национального самосознания. ; The purpose of this article is to analyse basic philosophy categories, such as freedom, politics, education and their impact on the personality development. Nowadays the idea of freedom is becoming one of the principles that state the position of a person in rationally organized society. The basis of the right and statehood are studied as the main outer conditions of freedom realization. For the first time the goal of state regulation of educational activity is set within the bounds of the enlightened state in the XVIII century. In the modern world the state governed by the rule of law is orientated to freedom guaranteeing for person's creativeness realization, which has its reflection in education policy. Education policy should be coordinated on the grounds of national policy guideline and be its major instrument, especially in the aspect of national consciousness forming.