Suchergebnisse

'Community Organizing for Urban School Reform' by Dennis Shirley is reviewed.

Die Effekte der Digitalisierung auf die Urbane Produktion sind erst vage im Frühstadium erkennbar; es gibt aber eine Vielzahl an Möglichkeiten für den Einsatz von digitalen Technologien in bestehenden und neuen Betrieben im städtischen Raum. Durch die Nutzung digitaler Konstruktions- und Produktionstechnologien entstehen neue 'hybride' Geschäftsfelder aus dem Zusammenspiel von Ingenieurdienstleistungen und produzierendem Handwerk. Als Ergebnis qualitativer empirischer Forschungen wird ein Indikatorenkatalog vorgelegt, der es ermöglicht, die für die digitalisierte Urbane Produktion relevanten Voraussetzungen nach Regionen zu bewerten.

London's Urban Landscape is the first major study of a global city to adopt a materialist perspective and stress the significance of place and the built environment to the urban landscape. Edited by Christopher Tilley, the volume is inspired by phenomenological thinking and presents fine-grained ethnographies of the practices of everyday life in London. In doing so, it charts a unique perspective on the city that integrates ethnographies of daily life with an analysis of material culture.
The first part of the volume considers the residential sphere of urban life, discussing in detailed case studies ordinary residential streets, housing estates, suburbia and London's mobile 'linear village' of houseboats. The second part analyses the public sphere, including ethnographies of markets, a park, the social rhythms of a taxi rank, and graffiti and street art.

Coordinating policy at a local level, city networks are increasingly taking the lead in tackling global problems such as climate change. This article discusses the rising influence of urban actors.

The urban government administrator may soon receive much greater help from science, which can provide him with informational and rational bases from which to strive for excellence. Urban interaction analysis, end-product-oriented program budgeting, effectiveness analysis, and computerized information flow systems for planning and operating purposes hold promise for better decisions. Large-scale metropolitan consolidation has turned out to be an unlikely remedy for metropolitan problems. New voluntary forms of co-operation, made effective by state and federal financial inducements, are being proposed and tried. Many considerations point to a government serving 100,000 to 2 50,000 people as being of ideal size. Because of certain fiscal considerations, the sug gestion is that the federal government should assume increasing financial responsibility for those services with major interstate benefit and cost spillovers and in which income redistribution plays an important role. By the same rule, federal financing of public housing, urban renewal, community development, air- pollution control, urban transportation, and water projects should be de-emphasized, except in multistate areas. Greater assumption of financial responsibilities by the federal govern ment for such costly services as education, health, and welfare should free state funds. In turn, states would be in a position to act more aggressively in guiding and aiding cities, townships, and counties.

Whilst real estate capital became a driving force in analyses of urban development, urban land rent theory has made only very limited progress during the past decade. There are a number of reasons for this – such as a weak conceptualization of the role of political agency, for example. Hence, a way out of this relative stagnation, by attempting to systematically develop an integrated view on structure and agency in the context of urban land rent, is offered in this article. Advances in critical theory, thinking about space and dialectic reasoning contribute to the development of a new perspective on land rent. Land rent is conceptualized as a middle‐range theory. In order to bring together concrete urban phenomena with the general process of political‐economic development, a systematic link between land rent theory and the theoretical apparatus of the French Regulation School is developed. The reformulation of land rent theory from a regulationist perspective underlines the importance of the institutional context (and its changes) for an understanding of rent and its role in the urban context. In so doing, land rent theory proves to be a very useful tool for providing an integrated political‐economic perspective for analyses of urban phenomena. This is illustrated briefly in the cases of Vienna and Montevideo.Si le capital immobilier est devenu un point central des analyses du développement urbain, la théorie n'a guère progressé au cours de la dernière décennie. Plusieurs facteurs sont en cause, telle la faible conceptualisation du rôle politique d'agence. Cet article propose donc une porte de sortie à cette relative stagnation, en tentant de construire systématiquement une vision intégrée de la structure et l'agence dans le cadre de la rente urbaine. Les progrès en matière de théorie critique, réflexion en termes d'espace et raisonnement dialectique facilitent l'élaboration d'une nouvelle perspective sur la location foncière, laquelle est conceptualisée en tant que théorie intermédiaire. Afin de regrouper phénomènes urbains concrets et processus général d'aménagement politico‐économique, une relation systématique est établie entre la théorie sur la rente foncière et l'appareil théorique de l'École Française de Régulation. Reformuler la théorie sur la rente foncière d'un point de vue régulationiste souligne combien le contexte institutionnel (et ses changements) est important pour comprendre la rente et son rôle dans le cadre urbain. Ce faisant, la théorie sur la rente foncière se révèle un outil très utile pour créer une perspective politico‐économique intégrée permettant d'analyser les phénomènes urbains. Cet aspect est brièvement illustré dans les cas de Vienne et Montevideo.

The author examines the usefulness of the deracialization concept as an analytical construct for explaining contemporary American urban politics. Deracialization is a useful concept for explaining recent black electoral victories because several African-American candidates have successfully employed this campaign strategy. As an electoral strategy, deracialization is especially useful to African-American candidates running in majority-white districts and jurisdictions. Deracialization as a campaign strategy does not automatically lead to deracialized governance. Black elected officials who conduct deracialized campaigns often pursue themes of racial justice in their governance.

The functions of cities in societies are discussed in this essay, the specialized functions performed and the integration of functions. The cities are seen as marketplaces of ideas, attitudes, artifacts, and consequently, innovation; they are driving wheels of great cultures. Then the modem city is considered—as it emerges as a vast collection of "small towns" around a small urban center deserted by night with various islands of intense cultural activity. The question is raised: What will be the consequence of the loss of the city as it has developed during the 200 years of modern civilization in the West? Some speculations suggest an isolation of functions and elites, a growing social distance among them, and a situation conducive to fragmentation of culture.