Owing to severe fiscal and external imbalances, the Maldives government adopted an IMF program in 2009. Despite some crucial initial actions, fiscal slippages and political polarization have undermined the restoration of sustainability. The key policy challenge is to prevent a fiscal crisis, achieve macroeconomic sustainability, and stimulate growth. The authorities concur with the need to tighten monetary policy. The authorities have welcomed the IMF program as a useful framework to guide and reinforce their efforts to restore external balance and fiscal sustainability
Access options:
The following links lead to the full text from the respective local libraries:
Conventional wisdom dictates that the conditions of international politics require states to pursue "tough" strategies based on threats, ruling out "soft" strategies such as reassurances or appeasement. In Threats and Promises, James W. Davis, Jr., works toward a theory of influence in international politics that recognizes the power of promises and assurances as tools of statecraft.Davis offers an analytic treatment of promises and assurances, drawing on relevant strands of international relations theory and deterrence theory, as well as cognitive and social psychology. Building on prospect theory (from cognitive psychology), he develops a testable theory of influence that suggests promises are most effective when potential aggressors are motivated by a desire to avoid loss. Davis then considers a series of case studies drawn principally from German diplomatic relations in the later nineteenth and early twentieth century. From the case studies -- which focus on such issues as European stability, colonial competition, and the outbreak of the First World War -- Davis shows how a blending of threats and promises according to reasoned principles can lead to a new system of more creative statecraft.While many critical analyses exist on the use of threats, there are relatively few on the use of promises. Davis argues that promises have been central to outcomes that were previously attributed to the successful use of deterrent threats, as well as the resolution of many crises where threats failed to deter aggression. Threats and Promises challenges the conventional wisdom, and is an original contribution to the field of international politics.
A -- A. Nelson & Co. Ltd. -- Abercrombie & Fitch Company -- Adidas Group AG -- AgustaWestland N.V. -- Alabama National BanCorporation -- American Reprographics Company -- Anderson Trucking Service, Inc. -- Archer Daniels Midland Company -- Austal Limited -- Avalon Correctional Services, Inc. -- Avis Group Holdings, Inc. -- B -- Barnes & Noble, Inc. -- Baumax AG -- Beacon Roofing Supply, Inc. -- The Bernick Companies -- Bharti Tele-Ventures Limited -- bioMerieux S.A. -- Brigham Exploration Company -- Brinker International, Inc. -- C -- Capital Senior Living Corporation -- Capstone Turbine Corporation -- Casas Bahia Comercial Ltda. -- Central European Distribution Corporation -- Chi Mei Optoelectronics Corporation -- Chicago Mercantile Exchange Holdings Inc. -- Chunghwa Picture Tubes, Ltd. -- Comtech Telecommunications Corp. -- Concurrent Computer Corporation -- Corus Bankshares, Inc. -- CPI Aerostructures, Inc. -- Cray Inc. -- CSG Systems International, Inc. -- D -- DCN S.A. -- DIRECTV, Inc. -- E -- Energy Conversion Devices, Inc. -- F -- Fanuc Ltd. -- Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation -- Flight Options, LLC -- Forward Air Corporation -- FuelCell Energy, Inc. -- G -- Genentech, Inc. -- Global Hyatt Corporation -- Gluek Brewing Company -- Goodby Silverstein & Partners, Inc. -- The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company -- H -- H.B. Fuller Company -- HealthExtras, Inc. -- Hillenbrand Industries, Inc. -- Hungarian Telephone and Cable Corp. -- Intel Corporation -- The Interpublic Group of Companies, Inc. -- ITC Holdings Corp. -- J -- Jean-Georges Enterprises L.L.C. -- Johnson & Johnson -- j2 Global Communications, Inc. -- Jupitermedia Corporation -- K -- Kintera, Inc. -- Kyokuyo Company Ltd. -- L -- Laboratoires Arkopharma S.A. -- Lanier Worldwide, Inc. -- Linens 'n Things, Inc. -- M -- Marco Business Products, Inc. -- Marine Products Corporation -- Maruha Group Inc. -- McDATA Corporation -- Merix Corporation -- Moog Music, Inc. -- MTR Gaming Group, Inc. -- N -- Natura Cosmeticos S.A. -- New Seasons Market -- NFL Films -- NIKE, Inc. -- Nissin Food Products Company Ltd. -- Norfolk Southern Corporation -- O -- OfficeTiger, LLC -- Operation Smile, Inc. -- OraSure Technologies, Inc. -- Orbotech Ltd. -- Overstock.com, Inc. -- P -- Palm, Inc. -- Pegasus Solutions, Inc. -- Phelps Dodge Corporation -- Pirelli & C. S.p.A. -- R -- Radeberger Gruppe AG -- Rent-Way, Inc. -- Riviera Holdings Corporation -- Roy Anderson Corporation -- S -- Sao Paulo Alpargatas S.A. -- Source Interlink Companies, Inc. -- Sunterra Corporation -- SYSCO Corporation -- T -- Taiwan Tobacco & Liquor Corporation -- Taubman Centers, Inc. -- Technical Olympic USA, Inc. -- Thai Union Frozen Products PCL -- TiVo Inc. -- TRW Automotive Holdings Corp. -- U -- Ultimate Leisure Group PLC -- Universal Stainless & Alloy Products, Inc. -- Urbium PLC -- V -- Ventana Medical Systems, Inc. -- Vodafone Group Plc -- W -- Wanadoo S.A. -- Wieden + Kennedy -- Y -- Yeo Hiap Seng Malaysia Bhd.
Access options:
The following links lead to the full text from the respective local libraries:
"Over the last 15 years or so, a new trade in assisted reproduction has grown across the world, offering people the opportunity to form families through cross-border exchanges of gametes, embryos, and gestational surrogates. This trade has been aided by the advent of affordable transport, information technologies, and the movement of assisted reproductive expertise around the world, combined with regulatory differences between different jurisdictions that make it possible for people to circumvent restrictions in their home countries to pursue their imagined families elsewhere. However, the growth of this industry has thrown into relief older forms of inequality by class, race, or economic status, and poses new questions about the social impact of these technologies and the new opportunities and threats they pose to women, particularly poorer women from developing countries, whose bodies are the sources of these products. International Surrogacy as Disruptive Industry in Southeast Asia traces the rise and fall of surrogacy as a commercial service in Thailand. Thailand had been a popular destination for commercial surrogacy from 2011 until the 'Baby Gammy' case in 2014, which caused the military government of Thailand to ban the practice in 2015. Since its closure in Thailand, the industry has moved to other countries in the region, such as Cambodia, which lack any current regulations or legislation. This fascinating ethnography brings to light the lives of the intended parents, the doctors, brokers, and regulators in Thailand, to show how this amazing opportunity for some also offers the potential for exploitation of vulnerable groups of people in the absence of adequate protections"--
O. Hobart Mowrer's two-factor model of learning is described by showing its develop ment from Thorndikean, Pavlovian, and Hullian learning theory. The model is then generalized to learning by national actors in an international interaction system, with particular attention to the point that the punishment or rewarding of responses sets up an affective state within the organism (or multi-organism entity) which acts as a prs mary determinant of what future responses will be made. This affective state is one of expectation (fear or hope) that further responses will be either rewarded or punished. When the agent of reward or punishment is seen, not as a neutral environment, but as another sentient or choosing actor in a social system, then the fear or hope become trans lated into hostility or friendship toward that actor. This hostility or friendship will result in either hostility-laden or friendship-laden new responses. Hostile behavior is more apt to be punished, friendly behavior to be rewarded. Thus, the cycle becomes self re-inforcing. The task of diplomacy is to break these cycles by pointing out what behaviors may be rewarded and what must be punished, thus creating an interaction between the actors in which they both learn how to co-exist in the system. At the same time, diplomacy should have the task, when punishment is necessary, to clarify that this punishment is the result of a specific behavior and is not a generalized reaction springing from a view of the other actor as 'evil' or 'bad' due to his very nature.
Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Notes on Contributors -- 1 Why Do People Go or Stay? -- 2 Time and Space in International Migration -- 3 Should I Stay or Should I Go? -- 4 Interdependencies between Development and Migration -- 5 The Discourse on Migration and Development -- 6 Exit, Voice and Citizenship -- 7 The Crucial Meso-Level -- 8 Gender and Reproduction -- 9 From Common Questions to Common Concepts -- References -- Index.
Access options:
The following links lead to the full text from the respective local libraries:
The Handbook provides an authoritative overview of the MLG literature. . . it has the potential to be widely used as a source of reference. The book is systematically structured, and most chapters are of high quality. . .' Achim Hurrelmann, Environment and Planning C 'The editors have produced an authoritative and comprehensive guide to multi-level governance. The book ranges across the domestic context, supraregionalism and global governance all filtered through a sophisticated analytical framework and attention to policy detail. There is no better place to go than this book for a guide to the topic. An outstanding accomplishment.' David Held, London School of Economics, UK Scholarship of multi-level governance has developed into one of the most innovative themes of research in political science and public policy. This accessible Handbook presents a thorough review of the wide-ranging literature, encompassing various theoretical and conceptual approaches to multi-level governance and their application to policy-making in domestic, regional and global contexts. The importance of multi-level governance in specific policy areas is highlighted, and the contributors an international group of highly renowned scholars report on the ways in which their field of specialization is or may be affected by multi-level governance and how developments could affect its conceptualization. European integration is considered from its unique standpoint as the key catalyst in the development of multi-level approaches, and the use of multi-level governance in other parts of the world, at both domestic and regional levels, is also considered in detail before focus is shifted towards global governance. The Handbook concludes with a presentation of six policy fields and instruments affected by multi-level governance, including: social policy, environmental policy, economic policy, international taxation, standard-setting and policing. This comprehensive Handbook takes stock of the vast array of multi-level governance theory and research ...
In: International law reports, Volume 133, p. 117-130
ISSN: 2633-707X
117 International organizations — International administrative tribunals — World Bank Administrative Tribunal — Investigation — Misconduct — Due process — Anonymous accusations — Public activities and interests — Conflict of interest — National legislation as source of law — Bank practice as source of law — Waiver of right to invoke Tribunal's jurisdiction
