Suchergebnisse

RésuméLe fait que des enfants se joignent aux forces armées ou à des groupes armés non étatiques est une terrible réalité qui résiste aux efforts de la communauté internationale pour l'éliminer. La participation directe aux hostilités par des enfants-soldats constitue possiblement l'aspect le plus troublant de cette réalité, en ce qu'elle soulève la possibilité de devoir attaquer directement ces enfants. Le droit international humanitaire reste à ce jour plutôt discret quant à cette facette de la participation des enfants aux conflits armés, laissant les forces armées improviser leur réaction. Les Forces armées canadiennes ont adopté en 2017 ce qui est présenté comme la première doctrine militaire sur les enfants-soldats. Le présent texte propose une analyse de cette doctrine à la lumière de la réglementation de l'emploi de la force contre les enfants-soldats en droit international humanitaire, pour déterminer si les enfants peuvent jamais devenir des combattants à part entière, à quelles conditions ils peuvent être considérés comme civils participant directement aux hostilités, et quelles limites le droit humanitaire impose quant aux choix des moyens et mesures de guerre employés.

Venue -- the institutional setting in which actors interact -- is a critical but neglected factor in international norm creation. This article brings together constructivist and rationalist insights to explain both why and how venue affects norm creation and how norm leaders choose among different venues. First, it highlights the importance of negotiation alongside persuasion in norm emergence -- the first stage of Finnemore and Sikkink's (1998) norm life cycle -- thus opening space for a full consideration of venues within the constructivist paradigm. Second, it details how venue membership, mandate, output status, rules of procedure/operating procedures and legitimacy affect both the content and the level of international support of an emerging norm. Third, it offers a conceptual framework for understanding how norm leaders choose venues. Finally, it illustrates the impact of venue on norm creation and the dynamics of strategic venue choice by examining venue changes during the movement to ban anti-personnel landmines and the effort to promote international consensus on humanitarian intervention. [Reprinted by permission; copyright Sage Publications Ltd. & ECPR-European Consortium for Political Research.]

Die traditionelle, disziplinär organisierte Universitätsforschung genügt weder den Anforderungen moderner Gesellschaften, noch den Ansprüchen einer grundlagenorientierten und zugleich politiknahen Forschung. Bernhard Glaeser beleuchtet die Kommunikations- und Steuerungsinstrumente inter- und transdisziplinärer Forschungsprogramme und präsentiert Erfahrungen aus nationalen und internationalen Verbundprojekten zur Nachhaltigkeitsforschung. Forscher/-innen aus unterschiedlichen Disziplinen setzen sich vor allem mit Aspekten der interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit im Projekt auseinander. Vertreter/-innen der forschungsfördernden Einrichtungen geben einen Einblick in die transdisziplinären Aspekte aus Sicht der Geberseite. Eine zukunftsorientierte Bewertung bildet den Abschluss

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