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The development of the Zentralarchiv (ZA) at the U of Cologne (Germany) -- Europe's oldest social science data bank -- is described. An earlier data archive, the Roper Center at Williams Coll in Mass, was the basis for the ZA. Elements of the ZA system are analyzed: data storage & retrieval, & documentation & acquisition policies. In 1969, a decision was made to cease most of its clearing-house functions & to develop a new research institute; these efforts are described, especially the cooperation with the Center for Surveys, Methodology, & Analysis & other organizations. An overall coordinating infrastructure for social science research was founded in 1983. Recent developments under this structure are described, eg, international computer conferences, workshops, seminars, & consortia. The ZA & other data archives are regarded as instruments of international cooperation, providing access to evolving technology. 1 Reference. S. Dilts

This study provides an overview of social media usage among researchers in Malaysia and examines factors affecting their use for science communication. The online questionnaire gathered the opinions of 425 researchers from over 20 science disciplines. The descriptive analysis highlighted usage preferences for 10 commonly used social media, while statistical analysis in particular MANOVA and correlation analysis, identified significant factors influencing researchers' social media use. Up to 62% of respondents believe that social media is more effective in reaching the public, compared to other media. WhatsApp, Facebook, YouTube, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate are routinely used or perceived as beneficial to use. However, Twitter, Instagram, WordPress, and LinkedIn are seldom used because they are less preferred for science communication. Seniority, perceived importance, and perceived credibility are significantly correlated with both intention and actual use. Meanwhile, age and experience are significantly correlated with actual use, but not the intention. Researchers are likely to post and share more on social media if they believe that science communication is important or if they are credible enough to present a scientific consensus. This study offered important insights into the perceptions, concerns, and factors influencing their use for science communication. By determining the perceptions, concerns and motivators affecting researchers, the findings shed light on effective ways to promote researchers' use of social media to communicate scientific knowledge.

Reflects on the current state of criminology in GB in the late-modern period, beginning with the modernist preoccupation with the recurrence of crises either in the field of criminology or in the social world. It is shown that scholars have disagreed about whether criminology is in a state of crisis, close to being dead & buried, or is reemerging through a period of conflict, resolution, & consolidation. Recent trends concerning issues of gender & sexuality, ethnicity, & postcolonialism are identified as promising interesting directions for theoretical & empirical work in the field. These theoretical trends have opened debates concerning the role of masculinity in criminal behavior & the extent of segregation & economic devastation in modern cities & their consequences for levels of crime. A literature review reveals a pervasive anxiety about crime, control, & social order that may or may not be justified by the empirical evidence. Several new intellectual & political concerns having to do with culture, human rights, & global issues are discussed in the context of a globalized & changing late-modern world as offering new directions for the study of crime. 117 References. D. M. Smith