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This is a comprehensive study of compliance with legal obligations derived from the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia's (ICTY) Statute. Through the use of three models of compliance based on coercion, self-interest and norms, Christopher Lamont explores both the domestic politics of war crimes indictments and efforts by external actors such as the European Union, the United States and the Tribunal itself to induce compliance outcomes.

Owing to severe fiscal and external imbalances, the Maldives government adopted an IMF program in 2009. Despite some crucial initial actions, fiscal slippages and political polarization have undermined the restoration of sustainability. The key policy challenge is to prevent a fiscal crisis, achieve macroeconomic sustainability, and stimulate growth. The authorities concur with the need to tighten monetary policy. The authorities have welcomed the IMF program as a useful framework to guide and reinforce their efforts to restore external balance and fiscal sustainability

Summary
The European Union has a unique sui generis status on the international plane, which is reflected in its capability to enter into diplomatic relations with third states and international organizations. Over nearly six decades, the European Union (EU) has gradually built its own worldwide bilateral and multilateral diplomatic network, which is made subject — through specific agreements with the host country — to the 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. The 'Union delegations' are now operating as the diplomatic missions of the EU as a whole, in contrast to the former Commission delegations. This article examines the relationship between the EU and international diplomatic law. How does the EU establish and conduct diplomatic relations? What legal instruments are being used? How do the Vienna Convention and customary diplomatic law come into play? What is the exact legal status of EU ambassadors and diplomatic staff? By critically analysing these issues, this article assesses the specific contribution the EU makes to the further development of international diplomatic law.

1. UN special procedures for defending universal human rights / Michael Kirby -- 2. International criminal justice : at the vortex of power, norms and a shifting global order / Ramesh Thakur -- 3. International Criminal Court in the development of international rule of law : a reflection of Asian-African views / Rahmat Mohamad -- 4. The building of the international rule of law through the work of international criminal tribunals / Vesselin Popovski -- 5. Kenyans before the International Criminal Court : an end to impunity? / Edwin Bikundo -- 6. Norms as frames for institutions : the pact of Paris, Nuremberg and the international rule of law / William Maley -- 7. International legitimacy and the building blocks of the international rule of law / Jean-Marc Coicaud -- 8. National militaries and the development of the international rule of law / John Sanderson -- 9. No longer a moot point : towards an independent international legal tribunal? / Charles Sampford.

Technology and the state long ago forged bonds of mutual dependence. Each satisfies profound cravings of the other. The state nourishes technology with cash, making possible the grandiose projects that would otherwise be lustful dreams of technologists and engineers. By the same token, technology provides the state with industries, wealth, and tools of defense. In the late twentieth century, though, the relation between technology and the state appears unbalanced: Technology can survive without the modern state, but the reverse may not be true. The harnessing of technology to purposes dictated by nationalism is as old as the manufactories and arsenals of the European monarchies

Globales Paradigma, nationale Normen und lokale Praxen. Das Handbuch Inklusion international verbindet theoretische Entwicklungslinien und vielfältige vergleichende Perspektiven der Inklusiven Bildung in ihrer globalen Verbreitung. Die Beiträge bieten einen umfassenden Zugang zu internationalen Diskursen, vergleichenden Forschungsergebnissen und 'inspiring practices' aus diversen Weltregionen – Europa, Afrika, Asien und Nordamerika. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit wird dabei der Relevanz komparativer Studien gewidmet. (DIPF/Verlag)

This article claims that the requirement of opinio juris in the formation of customary international law means that a general practice must be generally accepted among states to become customary law. The article argues that opinio juris serves an important function. It prevents generally unwanted general practice from becoming customary law.

Much research on effects of international human rights institutions (IHRIs) is fixated on whether IHRIs have -"on balance" or "systematically"- generated domestic effect. This essay highlights the path-dependent and conditional nature of domestic effects of IHRIs that the current scholarship has either willfully ignored or proven unable to take seriously. It focuses on causal mechanisms by which IHRIs, as codification of rights and as treaty organizations, impact domestic human rights practice by empowering domestic human rights stakeholders and thereby indirectly influencing states' human rights practice. The essay sheds further light on the conditions under which IHRIs empower domestic stakeholders. (author's abstract)

Alcan Aluminium Limited -- Aluminum Company of America -- AMAX Inc. -- Anglo American Corporation of South Africa Limited -- ARBED S.A. -- Armco Inc. -- ASARCO Incorporated -- Bethlehem Steel Corporation -- British Coal Corporation -- British Steel plc -- Broken Hill Proprietary Company Ltd. -- Coal India Limited -- Cockerill Sambre Group -- Companhia Vale do Rio Duce -- CRA Limited -- Daido Steel Co., Ltd. -- De Beers Consolidated Mines Limited/De Beers Centenary AG -- Degussa Group -- Dofasco Inc. -- Echo Bay Mines Ltd. -- Engelhard Corporation -- Freeport-McMoRan Inc. -- Fried. Krupp GmbH -- Gencor Ltd. -- Gold Fields of South Africa Ltd. -- Heraeus Holding GmbH -- Hitachi Metals, Ltd. -- Hoesch AG -- Imetal S.A. -- Inco Limited -- Inland Steel Industries, Inc. -- Johnson Matthey PLC -- Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corporation -- Kawasaki Steel Corporation -- Klockner-Werke AG -- Kobe Steel, Ltd. -- Koninklijke Nederlandsche Hoogovens en Staalfabrieken NV -- The Marmon Group -- Metallgesellschaft AG -- Minerals and Metals Trading Corporation of India Ltd. -- Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd. -- Mitsui Mining Company, Limited -- Nichimen Corporation -- Nippon Light Metal Company, Ltd. -- Nippon Steel Corporation -- Nisshin Steel Co., Ltd. -- NKK Corporation -- Noranda Inc. -- Okura & Co., Ltd. -- Peabody Holding Company, Inc. -- Pechiney -- Phelps Dodge Corporation -- The Pittston Company -- Pohang Iron and Steel Company Ltd. -- Reynolds Metals Company -- The RTZ Corporation PLC -- Ruhrkohle AG -- Saarberg-Konzern -- Salzgitter AG -- Sandvik AB -- Steel Authority of India Ltd. -- Stelco Inc. -- Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. -- Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd. -- Tata Iron and Steel Company Ltd. -- Thyssen AG -- Tomen Corporation -- Usinor Sacilor -- VIAG Aktiengesellschaft -- Voest-Alpine Stahl AG -- Weirton Steel Corporation -- Zambia Industrial and Mining Corporation Ltd. -- Abitibi-Price Inc. -- Amcor Limited -- Avery Dennison Corporation -- Boise Cascade Corporation -- Bowater PLC -- Bunzl plc -- Champion International Corporation -- Daio Paper Corporation -- Daishowa Paper Manufacturing Co., Ltd. -- Domtar Inc. -- Enso-Gutzeit Oy -- Fletcher Challenge Ltd. -- Georgia-Pacific Corporation -- Honshu Paper Co., Ltd. -- International Paper Company -- James River Corporation of Virginia -- Japan Pulp and Paper Company Limited -- Jefferson Smurfit Group plc -- Jujo Paper Co., Ltd. -- Kymmene Corporation -- Louisiana-Pacific Corporation -- MacMillan Bloedel Limited -- The Mead Corporation -- Metsa-Serla Oy -- Mo och Domsjo AB -- Oji Paper Co., Ltd. -- PWA Group -- Rengo Co., Ltd. -- Sanyo-Kokusaku Pulp Co., Ltd. -- Scott Paper Company -- Stone Container Corporation -- Stora Kopparbergs Bergslags AB -- Svenska Cellulosa Aktiebolaget -- Temple-Inland Inc. -- Union Camp Corporation -- United Paper Mills Ltd. (Yhtyneet Paperitehtaat Oy) -- Westvaco Corporation -- Weyerhaeuser Company -- Willamette Industries, Inc. -- Abu Dhabi National Oil Company -- Amerada Hess Corporation -- Amoco Corporation -- Ashland Oil, Inc. -- Atlantic Richfield Company -- British Petroleum Company plc -- Burmah Castrol plc -- Chevron Corporation -- Chinese Petroleum Corporation -- CITGO Petroleum Corporation -- The Coastal Corporation -- Compania Espanola de Petroleos S.A. -- Conoco Inc. -- Cosmo Oil Co., Ltd. -- Den Norske Stats Oljeselskap AS -- Diamond Shamrock, Inc. -- Egyptian General Petroluem Corporation -- Empresa Colombiana de Petroleos -- Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi -- Entreprise Nationale Sonatrach -- Exxon Corporation -- General Sekiyu K.K. -- Idemitsu Kosan K.K. -- Imperial Oil Limited -- Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. -- Kanematsu Corporation -- Kerr-McGee Corporation -- Koch Industries, Inc. -- Kuwait Petroleum Corporation -- Libyan National Oil Corporation -- Lyondell Petrochemical Company -- MAPCO Inc. -- Mitsubishi Oil Co., Ltd. -- Mobil Corporation -- National Iranian Oil Company -- Neste Oy -- Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation -- Nippon Mining Co., Ltd. -- Nippon Oil Company, Limited -- Occidental Petroleum Corporation -- Oil and Natural Gas Commission -- OMV Aktiengesellschaft -- Pennzoil Company -- PERTAMINA -- Petro-Canada Limited -- Petrofina -- Petroleo Brasileiro S.A. -- Petroleos de Portugal S.A. -- Petroleos de Venezuela S.A. -- Petroleos del Ecuador -- Petroleos Mexicanos -- Petroleum Development Oman LLC -- Petronas -- Phillips Petroleum Company -- Qatar General Petroleum Corporation -- Repsol SA -- Royal Dutch Petroleum Company/The "Shell" Transport and Trading Company p.l.c. -- Sasol Limited -- Saudi Arabian Oil Company -- Shell Oil Company -- Showa Shell Sekiyu K.K. -- Societe Nationale Elf Aquitaine -- Sun Company, Inc. -- Texaco Inc. -- Tonen Corporation -- Total Compagnie Francaise des Petroles S.A. -- Turkiye Petrolled Anonim Ortakligi -- Ultramar PLC -- Unocal Corporation -- USX Corporation -- The Williams Companies, Inc. -- YPF Sociedad Anonima -- Advance Publications Inc. -- Arnoldo Mondadori Editor S.p.A. -- Axel Springer Verlag AG -- Bertelsmann AG -- Cox Enterprises, Inc. -- Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. -- Dow Jones & Company, Inc. -- The Dun & Bradstreet Corporation -- The E.W. Scripps Company -- Elsevier NV -- Gannett Co., Inc. -- Groupe de la Cite -- Hachette -- Hallmark Cards, Inc. -- Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. -- The Hearst Corporation -- Knight-Ridder, Inc. -- Kodansha Ltd. -- McGraw-Hill, Inc. -- Maclean Hunter Limited -- Maxwell Communication Corporation plc -- Moore Corporation Limited -- The New York Times Company -- News Corporation Limited -- Nihon Keizai Shimbun, Inc. -- Pearson plc -- R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company -- The Reader's Digest Association, Inc. -- Reed International P.L.C. -- Reuters Holdings PLC -- Simon & Schuster Inc. -- Time Warner Inc. -- The Times Mirror Company -- Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. -- Tribune Company -- United Newspapers plc -- The Washington Post Company -- Cheung Kong (Holdings) Limited -- The Hammerson Property Investment and Development Corporation plc -- Hongkong Land Holdings Limited -- JMB Realty Corporation -- Land Securities PLC -- Lend Lease Corporation Limited -- MEPC plc -- Mitsubishi Estate Company, Limited -- Mitsui Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. -- New World Development Company Ltd. -- Olympia & York Developments Ltd. -- Slough Estates plc -- Sumitomo Realty & Development Co., Ltd. -- Tokyu Land Corporation.

A -- A.B. Watley Group Inc. -- Abu Dhabi National Oil Company -- Aggreko Plc -- Alexander's, Inc. -- American Electric Power Company, Inc. -- American Golf Corporation -- Aon Corporation -- Associated British Ports Holdings Plc -- B -- Back Yard Burgers, Inc. -- Bellway Plc -- Big Dog Holdings, Inc. -- Boron, LePore & Associates, Inc. -- BP p.l.c. -- Brake Bros plc -- Bremer Financial Corp. -- Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. -- BTG, Inc. -- Bush Brothers & Company -- C -- Callaway Golf Company -- Canadian Pacific Railway Limited -- Capel Incorporated -- Career Education Corporation -- Carter Lumber Company -- Cephalon, Inc. -- Chico's FAS, Inc. -- Christian Salvesen Plc -- CIGNA Corporation -- Coach, Inc. -- Consolidated Edison, Inc. -- Courts Plc -- Croda International Plc -- Crown Media Holdings, Inc. -- CVS Corporation -- D -- Davis Service Group PLC -- Delphi Automotive Systems Corporation -- DynCorp -- E -- Entergy Corporation -- Experian Information Solutions Inc. -- F -- Fannie Mae -- Florida's Natural Growers -- Frontline Ltd. -- G -- Geerlings & Wade, Inc. -- General Bearing Corporation -- Genmar Holdings, Inc. -- Genuine Parts Company -- Giorgio Armani S.p.A. -- H -- Harry Winston Inc. -- House of Fraser PLC -- I -- IMPATH Inc. -- Inco Limited -- Inktomi Corporation -- IntelliCorp, Inc. -- IVC Industries, Inc. -- J -- Jazzercise, Inc. -- Jeld-Wen, Inc. -- K -- KB Home -- Kelda Group plc -- Kinder Morgan, Inc. -- KLA-Tencor Corporation -- Kraft Foods Inc. -- L -- Lakeland Industries, Inc. -- Lucille Farms, Inc. -- Lyondell Chemical Company -- M -- Mackay Envelope Corporation -- The Major Automotive Companies, Inc. -- Marsh & McLennan Companies, Inc. -- Master Lock Company -- Michael Page International plc -- Middlesex Water Company -- Misys PLC -- Moto Photo, Inc. -- N -- New Brunswick Scientific Co., Inc. -- New Times, Inc. -- New York Life Insurance Company -- Niagara Mohawk Holdings Inc. -- Nicklaus Companies -- Northrop Grumman Corporation -- Northwest Natural Gas Company -- Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company -- O -- OAO Tatneft -- P -- P & F Industries, Inc. -- Peabody Energy Corporation -- Pechiney SA -- Pennon Group Plc -- Prada Holding B.V. -- Psion PLC -- R -- R.B. Pamplin Corp. -- Range Resources Corporation -- RAO Unified Energy System of Russia -- Red Hat, Inc. -- Rent-A-Center, Inc. -- Roanoke Electric Steel Corporation -- S -- Scientific-Atlanta, Inc. -- Securicor Plc -- Sepracor Inc. -- Shanks Group plc -- Sycamore Networks, Inc. -- Sykes Enterprises, Inc. -- Sytner Group plc -- T -- Tarragon Realty Investors, Inc. -- Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association-College Retirement Equities Fund -- Tesoro Petroleum Corporation -- Tom's of Maine, Inc. -- Transocean Sedco Forex Inc. -- U -- URS Corporation -- V -- Vallen Corporation -- Veritas Software Corporation -- Vina Concha y Toro S.A. -- W -- Western Gas Resources, Inc. -- Williamson-Dickie Manufacturing Company -- Wilson Bowden Plc -- WS Atkins Plc -- Y -- Yellow Corporation -- YWCA of the U.S.A. -- Z -- Zimmer Holdings, Inc.

A -- Acuson Corporation -- Adecco S.A. -- Adolph Coors Company -- AEP Industries, Inc. -- Aggregate Industries plc -- Alberto-Culver Company -- Alcatel S.A. -- Alfa Romeo -- ALZA Corporation -- Analysts International Corporation -- The Anschutz Corporation -- Apple Computer, Inc. -- Avianca Aerovias Nacionales de Colombia SA -- B -- Balfour Beatty plc -- Banco Santander Central Hispano S.A. -- Banfi Products Corp. -- Bank One Corporation -- Bath Iron Works -- BEA Systems, Inc. -- Becton, Dickinson & Company -- Biogen Inc. -- BNP Paribas Group -- Bose Corporation -- C -- Calpine Corporation -- Cambridge Technology Partners, Inc. -- Chadbourne & Parke -- The Chalone Wine Group, Ltd. -- Chiron Corporation -- Conexant Systems, Inc. -- Consolidated Papers, Inc. -- Consorcio G Grupo Dina, S.A. de C.V. -- The Container Store -- Controladora Comercial Mexicana, S.A. de C.V. -- Coty, Inc. -- Crompton Corporation -- D -- Davis Polk & Wardwell -- Dean & DeLuca, Inc. -- DeCrane Aircraft Holdings Inc. -- E -- The Earthgrains Company -- EarthLink, Inc. -- Eastman Kodak Company -- Eddie Bauer, Inc. -- Empresa Brasileira de Aeronautica S.A. (Embraer) -- Eridania Beghin-Say S.A. -- Executive Jet, Inc. -- F -- Fairfield Communities, Inc. -- Ferrari S.p.A. -- Fingerhut Companies, Inc. -- FleetBoston Financial Corporation -- Ford Motor Company -- Freedom Communications, Inc. -- G -- Gaylord Entertainment Company -- GE Capital Aviation Services -- General Mills, Inc. -- General Motors Corporation -- George Weston Limited -- Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP -- H -- H.J. Heinz Company -- Habitat for Humanity International -- Hanover Direct, Inc. -- Holberg Industries, Inc. -- Houghton Mifflin Company -- Hy-Vee, Inc. -- I -- Iberia Lineas Aereas de Espana S.A. -- Intel Corporation -- Isetan Company Limited -- ITM Entreprises SA -- J -- Jabil Circuit, Inc. -- Johnson & Johnson -- Jordan Industries, Inc. -- K -- Keebler Foods Company -- Kinross Gold Corporation -- Kraus-Anderson, Incorporated -- Kvaerner ASA -- L -- Loews Corporation -- M -- Merix Corporation -- Metro Information Services, Inc. -- Modern Times Group AB -- Morris Communications Corporation -- N -- NIKE, Inc. -- Nortel Networks Corporation -- P -- Palm, Inc. -- The Pantry, Inc. -- The Pep Boys-Manny, Moe & Jack -- PhyCor, Inc. -- Power Corporation of Canada -- Q -- Quark, Inc. -- QuikTrip Corporation -- R -- RadioShack Corporation -- Ricoh Company, Ltd. -- RPM, Inc. -- S -- SANYO Electric Co., Ltd. -- Sapporo Breweries Limited -- Schlotzsky's, Inc. -- Schneider National, Inc. -- Seaboard Corporation -- The Seiyu, Ltd. -- SFX Entertainment, Inc. -- Shannon Aerospace Ltd. -- Sigma-Aldrich Corporation -- Sime Darby Berhad -- Sodiaal S.A. -- Southern States Cooperative Incorporated -- The Sportsman's Guide, Inc. -- Stora Enso Oyj -- Suez Lyonnaise des Eaux -- Sweetheart Cup Company, Inc. -- T -- Taylor Corporation -- Taylor Publishing Company -- Texas Pacific Group Inc. -- The Titan Corporation -- U -- Unisys Corporation -- United Way of America -- U.S. Bancorp -- Utah Medical Products, Inc. -- V -- The Vermont Teddy Bear Co., Inc. -- Vodafone Group PLC -- W -- Wallace Computer Services, Inc. -- Wells' Dairy, Inc. -- Western Wireless Corporation -- White Castle System, Inc. -- Z -- Ziff Davis Media Inc. -- Zodiac S.A.