Suchergebnisse

The paper examined the prospects and challenges of cashew production in Nigeria. Qualitative and quantitative data which were used to identify these challenges and prospects were retrieved from research findings, literatures, journals and reports. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis was used to highlight the strengths and weaknesses inherent in the internal environment of the cashew sector as well as the opportunities and threats from the external environment of the cashew sector. The paper takes a step further by employing Threats Opportunities Weaknesses and Strengths (TOWS) analysis matrix to come up with models that can be employed to improve the cashew sector in Nigeria. Some of the prospects identified include the potential employment creation, increasing cultivation area and evidenced value addition. While some of the challenges identified include poor pricing of cashew nuts, lack of proper policy intervention and underutilization of cashew apple. Government is advised to set up a cashew marketing board and provide proper policy intervention to improve prices, production levels and provide employment opportunities.

This paper explores the ways in which national identities shape attitudes towards differentiated integration in two old member states, one relatively new member state and one candidate country – namely France, Germany, the Czech Republic and Turkey. It also observes how the impact of differentiated integration on European identity is perceived in these given countries in terms of preserving European identity (deepening), the dilution of European identity (disintegration) and the territorial/geographic limits of European identity (widening). By employing primary research and discourse analysis, the study finds that there is no single and monolithic national identity which produces a uniform attitude towards differentiated integration in member and candidate states, but rather that competing domestic national identity narratives produce differing attitudes within a state on differentiated integration. These national identity narratives can translate into starkly different policy positions concerning the policy area that is subject to differentiated integration, as well as on how differentiation is expected to impact the future of European integration and European identity.

Americans look to the U.S. Constitution as the source of all rights, but the document only affirms negative rights. Panelists will discuss specific areas of rights deemed "fundamental" by society and the international community, and how the US Constitution's negative framing intersects with such societal needs. Moderator: Alexander A. Reinert, Max Freund Professor of Litigation & Advocacy, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law Panelists: Smita Narula, Haub Distinguished Professor of International Law, Elisabeth Haub School of Law at Pace University Cynthia Soohoo, Professor of Law and Co-Director of the Human Rights and Gender Justice Clinic (formerly named International Women's Human Rights Clinic) at the City of New York School of Law Eric Tars, Legal Director, the National Law Center on Homelessness & Poverty Joshua Weishart, Professor of Law and Policy, West Virginia University, joint appointment in the College of Law and the John D. Rockefeller IV School of Policy and Politics ; https://larc.cardozo.yu.edu/floersheimer-recordings/1002/thumbnail.jpg

In the framework of policies against the effects of climate change on public health, mobility policies based on zero carbon dioxide emissions have focused their interest on the implementation of bicycle lanes, the bicycle motor subsidy and restriction of automobiles. In this sense, the objective of this paper has been to establish the reliability and validity of an instrument that measures the perceptions of risk and utility, as well as the intentions of voting in favor of electoral proposals and candidates that support the urban sustainability policy in Subject d mobility. A non-experimental, cross-sectional and exploratory study was carried out with a non-probabilistic sample selection of 250 residents of the metropolitan area of Mexico City. From a structural model. The factors cited were found to correlate positively and significantly, but it is recommended to extend the study to the contrast of the model in other scenarios with local elections and mobility policy based on the use of the bicycle.

Universal basic income (UBI) is emerging as one of the most hotly debated issues in development and social protection policy. But what are the features of UBI? What is it meant to achieve? How do we know, and what don't we know, about its performance? What does it take to implement it in practice? Drawing from global evidence, literature, and survey data, this volume provides a framework to elucidate issues and trade-offs in UBI with a view to help inform choices around its appropriateness and feasibility in different contexts. Specifically, the book examines how UBI differs from or complements other social assistance programs in terms of objectives, coverage, incidence, adequacy, incentives, effects on poverty and inequality, financing, political economy, and implementation. It also reviews past and current country experiences, surveys the full range of existing policy proposals, provides original results from micro–tax benefit simulations, and sets out a range of considerations around the analytics and practice of UBI.

Serbia now has an exceptional policy opportunity to promote skills development and create a productive future workforce and a prosperous economy. With its population aging and the nature of work changing in a technologically transforming and globalizing economy, a highly skilled Serbian workforce would help generate growth in productivity. A more productive economy will then help Serbia to approach the living standards of its Western European neighbors as it moves forward on the path to EU accession. For Serbia, this is a policy imperative. Serbia needs a surge in job creation, which will have to come from higher private sector dynamism and address persistent labor market challenges. Sustained employment increases will require on the demand side a boost in private sector job creation; and on the supply side reducing barriers and disincentives to work and improving worker skills. In Serbia, labor market status is associated with educational attainment (Figure 2). Higher literacy is associated with getting more skilled jobs (white-collar occupations at all skill levels) and often a job that is of higher quality.

Prostitution is a standard case of morality politics (MP), defined as a particular type of politics that engages issues closely related to religious and/or moral values, giving way to strong and uncompromising value conflicts in both societal and political spheres. This kind of issues have increasingly become a European policy matter due to their transnational nature and the tensions they create between different legal principles. Our hypothesis is that this leads to the emergence of a specific type of European morality politics (EMP) reflecting the particular constraints of the policymaking of the European Union (EU). The purpose of this article is to understand to which extent the rise of prostitution on the EU agenda alters usual patterns of MP to shape a distinctive type of EMP. Our findings suggest that prostitution characterizes EMP albeit with a significant difference, namely the challenge to regulatory inertia through the successful mobilisation of European values by some policy entrepreneurs to promote a neo-abolitionist approach. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/published

This paper considers the motivation and function of the UK's hate-crime framework, offering a historically located interpretation. It discusses the development of legislation to combat discrimination- and prejudice-motivated harassment and offending before examining recent assessments of the UK's approach. It then provides a cursory examination of the historical context in which the UK's legislative and policy developments emerged. After exposing the limitations of the current UK response and framing this in a wider domestic and international context, the paper concludes by arguing that the UK's evolving hate-crime policy framework currently remains partial and serves to obfuscate its social control objectives, along with the political anxieties related to the ideological and political threats and disorder that underpinned its development. The article concludes by arguing that the current framework has recently downgraded – and increasingly sidesteps – the need to address internal manifestations of illiberalism, including institutional discrimination, workforce representativeness, racial and religious disparity, and equal opportunities.

The aim of the study is to identify and describe community development approaches particularly emphasizing community-led local development as it dominates in the European Union as part of the rural development policy. The research is based on the literature review on community development approaches and community involvement in rural development. The most frequently used approaches are the following: community-led local development, community-led development, community driven development, community capacity building asset-based community development, and community economic development. The author concludes that the involvement of communities in development processes is promoted through specific programs implemented by policy makers and initiatives by communities and non-governmental organizations. Community involvement in development is influenced by many factors, such as democratic traditions and societal experience, the distribution of power and the exchange of knowledge between the social agents involved in development processes, the availability of resources and the skills to use them. Community projects are another way in which local agents can participate in improving the quality of life and solving local problems.

Austerity reforms have, in the aftermath of the financial crisis, been the norm for the Spanish fiscal policy. At the same time, the Spanish political system has experienced instability due to the disruption of new political forces. Literature has studied in multiple occasions the political costs of fiscal policy without reaching a general consensus. In the same line, this thesis suggests that austerity, by weakening the social protection programs, have been a relevant factor behind the political instability increase. This hypothesis is tested using a panel dataset from 1996 to 2015 for the different Spanish regions. The estimates for the proposed models suggest a positive and significant relation between social benefits changes and political instability. However, the relation is not established with in-kind transfers. These results can be consistent with the idea that cuts on more critical public expenditure, as the case of social benefits which usually reach low-income households, entail larger effects to stability.

Climate change has become a top priority for many scientists and politicians around the world, but most of the general public cannot understand their technical terminology. Without the proper knowledge or exposure to climate science and policy, the public is left confused and uninformed on what to think, what to do individually and how to vote on systematic climate policies. For my capstone, I created the Climate Curiosities Podcast. It is designed to be an approachable and easily accessible platform to connect people with climate science and policy experts and address some of the most common curiosities about climate change. The Climate Curiosities Podcast breaks down three major questions: 1. What scientific evidence do we have to support climate change observations and projections? 2. What are the causes and consequences of climate change, specifically on humans? 3. What are some actions and solutions that are available to address climate change today? Interested in learning more? Listen to the Climate Curiosities Podcast, available on Spotify and Apple Podcasts.

Greenhouse gas removal (GGR) raises many cultural, ethical, legal, social, and political issues, yet in the growing area of GGR research, humanities and social sciences (HASS) research is often marginalized, constrained and depoliticised. This global dynamic is illustrated by an analysis of the UK GGR research programme. This dynamic matters for the knowledge produced and for its users. Without HASS contributions, too narrow a range of perspectives, futures and issues will be considered, undermining or overpromising the prospects for the responsible development of GGR (and threatening worse side-effects), and limiting our understanding of why and how policy demands GGR solutions in the first place. In response, we present policy principles for bringing HASS fully into GGR research, organized around three themes: (1) HASS-led GGR research, (2) Opening up GGR futures, and (3) The politics of GGR futures. ; We acknowledge funding from the UK GGR programme, under several specific grants: NE/P019838/1, NE/P019900/1, NE/P019951/1, NE/P019668/1, and NE/P01982X/1.

This report investigates how the UK interprets, narrates and implements its obligations towards international protection for refugees and others that are at significant risk of serious human rights violations and persecution, with an emphasis on the impact of recent migration movements. It explores how the UK applies international protection instruments, particularly the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees/the 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees and Common European Asylum System (CEAS) directives, and examines the political and policy conflicts that have resulted, most notably with the 2016 "Brexit" referendum on UK membership of the European Union (EU). Highlighting the gaps between policy and the experience of the asylum regime in practice, the report considers the beliefs, coping strategies and perceptions of those who go through the asylum system. It also links experiences and practices to surrounding political narratives, noting how actors in different parts of the asylum system internalise and/or resist the asylum system's rationalisations.

The Italian case is characterised by a considerable delay in the development of a model of integration. Indeed, with a long tradition as a country of emigration, Italy has been culturally less well equipped to face the challenges of a multicultural society. Moreover, the country's geographical position – which impedes an efficient control of the borders – has incentivised policies to contain the arrivals rather than to promote integration. Against this background, the present report analyses how policy-makers, migrants, public and private institutions and other stakeholders – notwithstanding these difficulties – have interacted in the development of integration policies and, more in general, Italian governance of integration processes. The report is structured as follows. The first section assesses integration policy by looking at the legal, political and institutional framework, also in light of an analysis of the recent developments in the field of integration. The report subsequently explores 5 thematic topics: (i) labour market; (ii) education; (iii) housing and spatial integration; (iv) psychosocial health; (v) citizenship, belonging and civic participation.

This report investigates how the UK interprets, narrates and implements its obligations towards international protection for refugees and others that are at significant risk of serious human rights violations and persecution, with an emphasis on the impact of recent migration movements. It explores how the UK applies international protection instruments, particularly the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees/the 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees and Common European Asylum System (CEAS) directives, and examines the political and policy conflicts that have resulted, most notably with the 2016 "Brexit" referendum on UK membership of the European Union (EU). Highlighting the gaps between policy and the experience of the asylum regime in practice, the report considers the beliefs, coping strategies and perceptions of those who go through the asylum system. It also links experiences and practices to surrounding political narratives, noting how actors in different parts of the asylum system internalise and/or resist the asylum system's rationalisations.