Suchergebnisse

Les politiques d'aménagement du territoire ont un impact direct sur la ressource en eau et les milieux aquatiques. C'est la raison pour laquelle il est exigé, depuis la loi française du 21 avril 2004, que les schémas de cohérence territoriale (SCoT), qui déterminent les orientations générales de l'organisation de l'espace local, soient compatibles avec les schémas d'aménagement et de gestion des eaux (SAGE), qui fixent des objectifs généraux d'utilisation, de mise en valeur, de protection quantitative et qualitative de la ressource en eau à l'échelle du bassin versant. Mais qu'en est-il dans la pratique ? A partir de trois terrains français contrastés (Arc provençal, basse vallée de l'Ain et bassin de Thau), nous observons que le degré d'articulation entre SAGE et SCoT est extrêmement variable selon les endroits et cherchons à rendre compte de ces différences. A l'issue de notre enquête, il apparaît que l'évolution de la législation ne constitue pas en soi une garantie de meilleure prise en compte de l'eau dans l'aménagement du territoire. Cette prise en compte dépend beaucoup plus de la manière dont est défini l'intérêt général local en fonction de compromis validés et diffusés par les acteurs politiques dominants au sein des territoires concernés. / Spatial planning policies have a direct impact on water resources and aquatic ecosystems. That is why it is required, since the 21 April 2004 French Act, that local development plans (schémas de cohérence territoriale – SCoT), which determine global orientations on local space organization, be compatible with water management plans (schémas d'aménagement et de gestion des eaux – SAGE), which set general objectives on the uses, promotion and quantitative and qualitative protection of water resources at a river basin scale. But what can be observed in practice? Drawing on three contrasted territorial cases (Provençal Arc, Ain lower valley and Thau basin), we noticed that the degree of connection between SAGE and SCoT is extremely variable from one case to another and we tried to explain these differences. In the end, it seems that the evolution of legislation does not guarantee in itself that water issues would be more taken into account in spatial planning policies. This consideration of water issues over all depends on the way in which local general interest is defined according to agreements formalized and spread by dominant political actors in the concerned territories.

This article is the result of a brief exploratory investigation of the relationship between quality models proposed by the administrative doctrine and the national accreditation process of Peruvian universities. The Peruvian university, reflecting on the political, social, cultural and technological changes in our society, is also experiencing a process of change, for example, a major expansion in university departments, modalities and number of students. However, this expansion process, often unplanned, has created serious doubts and questions about whether the expansion is ensuring the quality of professional training, research and social outreach. It must also be consistent with the social demands of the market and national development. To meet this need, we have promoted a system of accreditation of the quality of university education through the creation of a National Assessment, Accreditation and Certification of Educational Quality (SINEACE), was prepared in 2003 by the General Law of Education, 28044. They want to know if the quality models proposed in the accreditation standards of the system are consistent with organization doctrinal trends. ; El presente artículo es resultado de una breve investigación exploratoria de la relación entre los Modelos de calidad propuestos por la doctrina administrativa y el proceso de acreditación nacional de las universidades peruanas. La universidad peruana, reflejando los cambios políticos, sociales, culturales y tecnológicos, está experimentando a su vez un proceso de cambio, por ejemplo, una gran expansión tanto en las carreras, modalidades y número de estudiantes. Sin embargo, este proceso de expansión, en muchos casos no planificada, ha creado serias dudas y cuestionamientos sobre si en la expansión se está garantizando la calidad de la formación profesional, la investigación y la extensión social. Además, debe ser coherente con las demandas sociales, del mercado y del desarrollo nacional. Para responder a esta necesidad, se han promovido un sistema de acreditación de la calidad de la enseñanza universitaria, a través de la creación de un Sistema Nacional de Evaluación, Acreditación y Certificación de la Calidad Educativa (Sineace), fue dispuesta en el año 2003 por la Ley General de Educación, 28044. Se desea conocer si los modelos de calidad propuestos en las normas de acreditación de dicho Sistema son coherentes con las nuevas tendencias doctrinarias organizacionales.

This paper outlines problems with contemporary discourse analysis – a focus on everyday conversation, interpersonal interaction, formal sequences, correct explication and disciplinary segregation – problems which replicate general problems with the discipline of psychology (the gaze upon those outside its domain, reduction to the level of the individual, abstraction of behaviour and cognitive processes, claims to interpretative authority, and avoidance of politics as such). Approaches to discursive practice are described from within one of the recently-formed micro-nations which also provide a new way of thinking about the role of psychology in broader social processes. Alternative principles for discursive practice are derived from this description: turning the gaze back onto psychology and the ideological forces that give rise to it; treating forms of representation as sites for the relay of power; tracing how social forms are treated as contextually and historically situated; highlighting forms of discursive practice that open up spaces for interpretation and argument about the nature of interpretation; and connecting contradictory individual affective forces with the realm of political struggle. ; Este artículo considera problemas del análisis de discurso contemporáneo referidos a: su foco en la conversación cotidiana, las secuencias formales, la explicación correcta y la segregación disciplinaria. Problemas que replican dificultades generales que muestra la disciplina de la psicología a saber: la mirada puesta sobre aquellos que están fuera de su dominio, el reduccionismo al nivel del individuo, la abstracción de la conducta y los procesos cognitivos, los reclamos a la autoridad interpretativa y la evitación de la política como tal). Aproximaciones a la práctica discursiva son descritos desde dentro de una de las recién formadas micro-naciones la cual a su vez provee una nueva manera de pensar el papel de la psicología en procesos sociales más amplios. Los siguientes principios alternativos para la práctica discursiva se derivan de esta descripción: dirigir la mirada de nuevo sobre la psicología y las fuerzas ideológicas que le dieron cabida; tratar las formas de representación como puntos para el ejercer el poder; analizar las formas sociales de manera situada contextual e históricamente; destacar formas de práctica discursiva que abren espacios para la argumentación acerca de la naturaleza de la interpretación; y conectar las contradictorias fuerzas afectivas individuales con la lucha política.

The ideological problem that arises from the class struggle which dialectically structures society in an antithetical confrontation between bourgeoisie and proletariat in the modern era is a debate in which axiological, gnoseological, epistemological, esthetic,and political values, in other words, philosophical values come face to face. This confrontation involves the conception of the world in general and of society in particular. In this terrain, the problem focuses on the heated defense of the bourgeois and petit-bourgeois ideologies about the eternity of the conditions of existence generated by capitalism and the equally heated struggle of the proletariat ideologues in the historicization of said conditions and, thus, of its changing nature, favorable to the ending of this mode of production in order to construct another, where social inequality ceases forever. Those who stubbornly insist on the bourgeois and/or petitbourgeois posture assume a position that is so indolent and absurd that it could be considered to be ideologically impoverished and, thus, spiritually indigent, but not in the manner of biblical references to the poor in spirit, but rather poverty of spirit approaching madness or demonology. ; El problema ideológico que se plantea a partir de la lucha de clases que estructura dialécticamente la sociedad en la confrontación antitética entre burguesía y proletariado en la modernidad, es un debate en el que se confrontan valores axiológicos, criterios gnoseológicos, epistemológicos, estéticos y políticos, en una palabra, filosóficos, donde se ve implicada la concepción del mundo en general y de la sociedad en particular. En este terreno, el problema se centra en la defensa enconada de los ideólogos burgueses y pequeñoburgueses acerca de la eternidad de las condiciones de existencia que ha generado el capitalismo y, la lucha, igualmente enconada, de los ideólogos proletarios en la historización de dichas condiciones y, por lo tanto, de su naturaleza cambiante, favorable a la finalización de este modo de producción para construir otro en donde cese para siempre la desigualdad social. Quienes se empecinan en la postura burguesa y / o pequeñoburguesa, asumen una posición tan indolente y absurda, que bien puede considerársela miserable ideológicamente y, por tanto, indigente espiritualmente, pero no como la pobreza de espíritu de contenido bíblico, sino como pobreza de espíritu rayano en la locura o en la demonología.

Índice Introducción.Naturaleza del plan.Marco territorial.Objetivos. Promoción económica y mejora urbana.Proyecto físico. Directrices y actuaciones.Proyecto político. Participación y gestión.Bibliografía. Resumen El Plan Director Urbanístico (PDU) de las colonias del Llobregat pertenece a una nueva generación de planes supramunicipales impulsada por el Gobierno de la Generalitat de Catalunya durante la legislatura 2003-2007, con el fin de resolver los retos derivados del funcionamiento cada vez más integrado del territorio. Estos planes establecen marcos urbanísticos de referencia general para la coordinación del planeamiento de los municipios integrantes y se dirigen hacia la ordenación de las áreas urbanas más complejas, los territorios sometidos a mayor presión urbanística, y los espacios de especial valor ambiental y patrimonial. El PDU de las colonias del Llobregat aborda la preservación de un paisaje cultural singular. El presente trabajo analiza en primer lugar la naturaleza del Plan, que se ciñe a un ámbito geográfico unitario, reconociendo la sección del valle como marco territorial. Expone el complejo entramado de componentes físicos: relieve, infraestructuras, asentamientos y paisaje, y fija unos objetivos, promoción económica y mejora urbana, para conseguir desde un proyecto físico y político supramunicipal integrado. Abstract The Plan Director Urbanístico (Urban Director Plan) of the residential areas in Llobregat belongs to a new generation of supramunicipal plans promoted by the government of the Generalitat of Catalonia during the 2003-07 term, with the goal of achieving the challenges derived from the land operation, which is being increasingly integrated. These plans establish zoning frames of general reference for the coordination of the planning of the member regions, and are addressed to the development of the most complex urban areas, the zones suffering urban planning pressure, and the areas of special environmental and national value.The PDU of the residential areas in Llobregat deals with the maintenance of a unique cultural landscape.This essay analyzes in the first place the nature of the Plan, which is limited to a unified geographic area, establishing the valley as the territorial framework. It shows the complex territorial network of physical elements: relief, infrastructures, settlements and landscape, and it sets aims, economic promotion and urban improvement to be achieved by means of a physical and political integrated supramunicipal project.

The idea to carry out a research on the history of professional associations, specifically on legal bar, originates from a research project presented some years ago by Consiglio Nazionale Forense (General Council of Lawyers of Italy) – assisted by lawyers and lecturers – who expressed their ambition to develop an historical overview on the origins and development of legal bar in Italy. The present work is not intended to carry out a detailed historical survey on each and every Piedmontese professional association. It is the object of the present research to describe the role of a lawyer in the 19th century society, to understand the way the profession changes constantly, the way legal bar is arranged and how it interacts with the surrounding political and social environment. Focusing on North Piedmont, the research on the documentation preserved at Courts produced completely different results according to the place in point. Certainly, most of the documentation is preserved in Turin, where trial records of the Consiglio dell'Ordine (General Council of the Lawyers) since the first meeting after the legislative decree in 1874 were found: such material is in good preservation status, probably because Turin professional association has always taken special care of such documentation. As far as Ivrea is concerned instead, differently from Turin – where papers are found in volumes – there is not an inventory and the documentation mainly consists of scattered papers, which allowed to reconstruct the activities of the association and the relationships between lawyers during the time in point. The analysis of these papers allowed to draw a picture of some lawyers, to understand legal bar and their relationships with colleagues, authorities and judiciary. In Biella and Novara no evidence of the association could be found. Thus, surveys on single professionals were carried out based on private inventories (Fondo Pampuri in Novara and Fondo Versano in Biella). In conclusion, not only should the present work be considered from an historical point of view, but also with reference to the current debate on the future of legal bar in the 21st century, taking into account that the knowledge of past lawyers can be an important step forward to understand (and discover) the identity of the contemporary lawyer.

América Latina se caracteriza, en la actualidad, por la diversidad de los procesos políticos en marcha en un contexto de crisis hegemónica del neoliberalismo. Como parte de estos procesos políticos, desde 2003 en adelante se han sancionado nuevas leyes generales de educación en numerosos países. El presente trabajo analiza las leyes de educación vigentes en los países suramericanos a partir de algunos tópicos fundamentales de la política educacional: cuáles son los fines de la educación, qué rol asume el Estado, cómo se define el derecho a la educación y cuáles son las dimensiones consideradas en relación con su consecución, entre otras. El estudio de las leyes desde una perspectiva comparada permite observar un panorama diverso y complejo que resulta significativo para comprender las orientaciones y los debates actuales en materia educativa para esta parte del continente. ; Latin America is currently experiencing an ongoing diversity of political processes in a context of crisis of the neoliberalism hegemony. In this context, new general education laws have been sanctioned in many countries, from 2003 onwards. Considering some fundamental topics of education policies, this paper analyses the education laws in force in South American countries such as, among others: What are the aims of education? What is the role of the State? How is the right to education defined? And, which aspects are considered to implement it? Studying these topics from a comparative point of view reveals a rich and complex overlook that help us understand the present orientations and debates in educational maters for this part of the continent ; De nos jours, l'Amérique Latine se caractérise par la diversité des processus politiques en cours dans un contexte de crise hégémonique du néolibéralisme. Dans ce cadre, depuis 2003, des lois générales d?éducation ont été promulguées dans de nombreux pays. Ce travail analyse les lois sur l'éducation en vigueur dans les pays sud-américains à partir de certains thèmes fondamentaux de la politique éducationnelle, comme, entre autres : les fi ns de l'éducation ; le rôle assumé par l'Etat ; la défi nition du droit à l?éducation ; et les dimensions considérées pour la mettre en ?uvre. L'étude des lois à partir d'un point de vue comparatif off re une vue d'ensemble diverse et complexe et, donc, importante pour comprendre les orientations et les débats actuels en matière d'éducation dans cette partie du continent.

Euro-Mediterranean Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration (CARIM) ; Le statut juridique de la femme a des conséquences sur l'émigration des Nigériennes. En fait, très peu de femmes au Niger émigrent à l'étranger pour y travailler car c'est une question d'hommes, l'émigration a toujours été masculine. En revanche, beaucoup de femmes d'origine étrangère viennent au Niger pour y travailler. La grande majorité de ces immigrantes travaillent dans le domaine de la domesticité où le travail est très peu rémunérateur et n'exige pas de qualification. A côté de ces immigrantes nous assistons depuis quelques années à l'apparition d'une migration féminine interne de travail constituée de jeunes nigériennes qui désertent les campagnes au profit des centres urbains. Il faut dire que la famine consécutive à des longues périodes de sécheresse et la pauvreté ambiante ont favorisé ces types de déplacement qui répondent en définitive à des stratégies de survie. Sur le plan juridique, il n'existe pratiquement pas de textes spécifiques à la migration féminine de travail, mais plutôt à la règlementation du travail des femmes en général et du travail domestique en particulier. Ce sont des textes fragmentaires et très discriminatoires qui ont besoin d'un toilettage conséquent et approprié, mais pour cela il faut une mobilisation des femmes et une réelle volonté politique. / The legal status of women has had an impact on the emigration of Niger women. Very few women from Niger actually emigrate abroad to work. Emigration has always been seen as a male activity. Nevertheless, many foreign women come to work in Niger. Most of them work as domestics, a low paid sector that needs no qualifications. Beside these immigrants, internal female migration has started up in the last years, with young Niger women leaving the countryside to live in urban centres. The starvation following long periods of dryness and general poverty have fostered these kinds of mobility which are essentially survival strategies. On the legal level, there is no specific text relating to female labour migration, but there are laws regulating female labour in general and domestic work in particular. These are partial and very discriminatory texts, which need important reforms and therefore demand women's mobilisation and a real political will.

The University is identified as a domain for humanity's creative and reflective reasoning as well as a producer and communicator of knowledge. It reconciles differences within cultural space and provides meeting points for diverse knowledge. Through these come its social, political and economic roles which generate impacts over: urban space in general and the immediate environment; over conditions of habitability; over social relationships that are established between the everyday population and others; and over economic activities, land uses and land prices. Today the University has been compelled to assume new roles in search of economic and social sustainability in a globalized world. At the same time it is required to establish or conserve a harmonious dialogue with the city, which allows the conciliatory interaction of inhabitants with the university community and the interactions of educational activities with those of the urban piece. However, as this article shows, the University will find itself on the verge of disappearing if it does not conserve, transform and develop, in today's world, the irreplaceable role that it has traditionally played since the beginning. ; A la universidad se la identifica como ámbito de la razón creativa y reflexiva de la humanidad, productora y transmisora/comunicadora de conocimiento y propiciadora de espacios culturales y puntos de encuentro de los diversos saberes, a partir de ello surgen sus roles social, político y económico que generan impactos sobre el espacio urbano en general y el entorno inmediato, sobre los hábitos y condiciones de habitabilidad, sobre las relaciones sociales que se establecen entre la población cotidiana y esporádica y sobre las actividades económicas, usos y precios del suelo. Actualmente la universidad se ve enfrentada a la competencia en un mundo globalizado y asume nuevos roles en búsqueda de condiciones de sostenibilidad económica y social. A la vez se le impone el establecer o conservar un diálogo armónico con la ciudad que propicie encuentros de los habitantes con la comunidad universitaria y la interacción de las actividades educativas con las de la pieza urbana. Pero, como se muestra, la universidad se encuentra abocada a su desaparición si no conserva, recrea y desarrolla para los tiempos de hoy los roles en que es insustituible e irremplazable y que tradicionalmente ha jugado desde su nacimiento.

The University is identified as a domain for humanity's creative and reflective reasoning as well as a producer and communicator of knowledge. It reconciles differences within cultural space and provides meeting points for diverse knowledge. Through these come its social, political and economic roles which generate impacts over: urban space in general and the immediate environment; over conditions of habitability; over social relationships that are established between the everyday population and others; and over economic activities, land uses and land prices. Today the University has been compelled to assume new roles in search of economic and social sustainability in a globalized world. At the same time it is required to establish or conserve a harmonious dialogue with the city, which allows the conciliatory interaction of inhabitants with the university community and the interactions of educational activities with those of the urban piece. However, as this article shows, the University will find itself on the verge of disappearing if it does not conserve, transform and develop, in today's world, the irreplaceable role that it has traditionally played since the beginning. ; A la universidad se la identifica como ámbito de la razón creativa y reflexiva de la humanidad, productora y transmisora/comunicadora de conocimiento y propiciadora de espacios culturales y puntos de encuentro de los diversos saberes, a partir de ello surgen sus roles social, político y económico que generan impactos sobre el espacio urbano en general y el entorno inmediato, sobre los hábitos y condiciones de habitabilidad, sobre las relaciones sociales que se establecen entre la población cotidiana y esporádica y sobre las actividades económicas, usos y precios del suelo. Actualmente la universidad se ve enfrentada a la competencia en un mundo globalizado y asume nuevos roles en búsqueda de condiciones de sostenibilidad económica y social. A la vez se le impone el establecer o conservar un diálogo armónico con la ciudad que propicie encuentros de los habitantes con la comunidad universitaria y la interacción de las actividades educativas con las de la pieza urbana. Pero, como se muestra, la universidad se encuentra abocada a su desaparición si no conserva, recrea y desarrolla para los tiempos de hoy los roles en que es insustituible e irremplazable y que tradicionalmente ha jugado desde su nacimiento.

Se efectúa una revisión general de la violencia a nivel latinoamericano. Se utiliza la clasificación de la violencia señalada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Se muestra los índices de violencia en América Latina, en especial de la violencia política, la ocasionada a niños y adolescentes, la violencia ejercida a las mujeres, adultos y adultos mayores, en los que se aprecia tasas altas de los diferentes tipos, con un análisis particular en cada uno de los países. Se describe los esfuerzos que se están efectuando en la región para disminuir la incidencia de la violencia. Se comenta los resultados del informe final de la Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación del Perú, en especial sobre el Plan Integral de Reparaciones para aliviar las consecuencias de la violencia sobres las víctimas de ella. Se hace énfasis en las Reparaciones en Salud y en Educación. En relación a la última, se hace conocer la creación del Programa Permanente de Capacitación para la Atención Integral de las Víctimas de la Violencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, que propicia la formación de recursos humanos tanto en el pre como en el posgrado para conseguir la completa recuperación de las víctimas de violencia, así como para promover la salud, contribuir a la construcción de comunidades saludables y a la consecución de una cultura de paz. ; General review of violence in Latin America is done. Classification of violence is that of the World Health Organization's. Violence in Latin America indices are presented, especially political violence, violence to children and adolescents, violence to women, adults and older adults, where high rates are noticed, with particular analysis in each country. Regional efforts to reduce violence rates are described. Comments on results of Peruvian Truth and Reconciliation Commission final report are done, especially on the Reparation Integral Plan to relieve violence consequences on victims. Health and Education Reparations are emphasized. In regards to the latter, creation of the Permanent Training Program for Violence Victims Integral Care, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos is presented, program that favors formation of undergraduate and postgraduate human resources to obtain complete recovery of violence victims as well as to promote health, contribute to construction of healthy communities, and achieve a culture of peace.

América Latina se caracteriza, en la actualidad, por la diversidad de los procesos políticos en marcha en un contexto de crisis hegemónica del neoliberalismo. Como parte de estos procesos políticos, desde 2003 en adelante se han sancionado nuevas leyes generales de educación en numerosos países. El presente trabajo analiza las leyes de educación vigentes en los países suramericanos a partir de algunos tópicos fundamentales de la política educacional: cuáles son los fines de la educación, qué rol asume el Estado, cómo se define el derecho a la educación y cuáles son las dimensiones consideradas en relación con su consecución, entre otras. El estudio de las leyes desde una perspectiva comparada permite observar un panorama diverso y complejo que resulta significativo para comprender las orientaciones y los debates actuales en materia educativa para esta parte del continente. ; Latin America is currently experiencing an ongoing diversity of political processes in a context of crisis of the neoliberalism hegemony. In this context, new general education laws have been sanctioned in many countries, from 2003 onwards. Considering some fundamental topics of education policies, this paper analyses the education laws in force in South American countries such as, among others: What are the aims of education? What is the role of the State? How is the right to education defined? And, which aspects are considered to implement it? Studying these topics from a comparative point of view reveals a rich and complex overlook that help us understand the present orientations and debates in educational maters for this part of the continent ; De nos jours, l'Amérique Latine se caractérise par la diversité des processus politiques en cours dans un contexte de crise hégémonique du néolibéralisme. Dans ce cadre, depuis 2003, des lois générales d?éducation ont été promulguées dans de nombreux pays. Ce travail analyse les lois sur l'éducation en vigueur dans les pays sud-américains à partir de certains thèmes fondamentaux de la politique éducationnelle, comme, entre autres : les fi ns de l'éducation ; le rôle assumé par l'Etat ; la défi nition du droit à l?éducation ; et les dimensions considérées pour la mettre en ?uvre. L'étude des lois à partir d'un point de vue comparatif off re une vue d'ensemble diverse et complexe et, donc, importante pour comprendre les orientations et les débats actuels en matière d'éducation dans cette partie du continent.

The paper analyzes Uzbek cultural adaptation process. The relevance of the work is based on the fact that the extent of migration processes in modern society and social change in the economic, political, social and cultural life of the country requires special attention to many-sided investigations of immigrants adaptation and integration. The propose of study is to reveal cultural adaptation of Uzbeks in Lithuania. The main goals are to examine theoretical cultural adaptation literature background on adaptation process and indices that may cause difficulties in adaptation; reveal adaptation strategies and investigate the factors and circumstances that predict adaptation; mark out Uzbekistan and Lithuania cultural differences; analyze cultural adaptation process of Uzbeks in Lithuania, adaptation factors and acculturation attitudes towards adaptation. This study hypothesized that Uzbeks in Lithuania tend to choose separation strategy due to large perceived cultural distance. Cultural distance is associated with strong cultural shock that can be overcome by gaining family ethnic community support. High education negatively related to separation and marginalization strategies choose. Methods of conducting a research were interview and questionnaire. An interview questionnaire to measure adaptation and adaptation attitudes was developed for the study, derived from the literature on cultural adaptation and culture shock. This research is based on the work of J.W. Berry, R.Y. Bourhis, Y. Kim, P. Adler. on general immigrant adaptation attitudes. It is conducted that cultural adaptation "honeymoon" stage is very short. Moreover, Uzbeks do not feel strong "culture shock" in Lithuania, because of unawareness of Lithuanian and Uzbekistan Cultural Differences; knowledge and interest in Lithuanian country before moving in; having been to Lithuania previously; having communication with the Lithuanian experience in Uzbekistan. The Results show that the general Uzbek adaptation attitude is one of integration, however, the strategies adopted and the attitudes preferred vary depending on the areas of acculturation considered. Immigrants moderately endorse separatism and weakly endorse assimilation and marginalization. The analysis of gender differences showed that women tend to choose integration strategy. Men prefer separation strategy. The main source of social support during adaptation is family and relatives in Lithuania. Furthermore, ethnic community is not considered to be a strong source of social support. Results indicate that successful adaptation and integration is facilitated by high Uzbeks education.

The paper analyzes Uzbek cultural adaptation process. The relevance of the work is based on the fact that the extent of migration processes in modern society and social change in the economic, political, social and cultural life of the country requires special attention to many-sided investigations of immigrants adaptation and integration. The propose of study is to reveal cultural adaptation of Uzbeks in Lithuania. The main goals are to examine theoretical cultural adaptation literature background on adaptation process and indices that may cause difficulties in adaptation; reveal adaptation strategies and investigate the factors and circumstances that predict adaptation; mark out Uzbekistan and Lithuania cultural differences; analyze cultural adaptation process of Uzbeks in Lithuania, adaptation factors and acculturation attitudes towards adaptation. This study hypothesized that Uzbeks in Lithuania tend to choose separation strategy due to large perceived cultural distance. Cultural distance is associated with strong cultural shock that can be overcome by gaining family ethnic community support. High education negatively related to separation and marginalization strategies choose. Methods of conducting a research were interview and questionnaire. An interview questionnaire to measure adaptation and adaptation attitudes was developed for the study, derived from the literature on cultural adaptation and culture shock. This research is based on the work of J.W. Berry, R.Y. Bourhis, Y. Kim, P. Adler. on general immigrant adaptation attitudes. It is conducted that cultural adaptation "honeymoon" stage is very short. Moreover, Uzbeks do not feel strong "culture shock" in Lithuania, because of unawareness of Lithuanian and Uzbekistan Cultural Differences; knowledge and interest in Lithuanian country before moving in; having been to Lithuania previously; having communication with the Lithuanian experience in Uzbekistan. The Results show that the general Uzbek adaptation attitude is one of integration, however, the strategies adopted and the attitudes preferred vary depending on the areas of acculturation considered. Immigrants moderately endorse separatism and weakly endorse assimilation and marginalization. The analysis of gender differences showed that women tend to choose integration strategy. Men prefer separation strategy. The main source of social support during adaptation is family and relatives in Lithuania. Furthermore, ethnic community is not considered to be a strong source of social support. Results indicate that successful adaptation and integration is facilitated by high Uzbeks education.

Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas. Facultad de Historia. Programa Institucional de Maestría en Historia ; Starting from the first half of the XX century the governments from Mexico intended to institute a new nation project through the politics of regional development that allowed to grow economically to the country. For it, the political economic position put special emphasis in the agroindustrial impulse, supporting particularly to the agricultural sector with a series of credit instruments, guarantee prices, investments in watering and of communication. From 1940 irrigation projects were implemented through the National Commission of Irrigation in rich areas in natural resources; likewise, a good sum of money was dedicated for watering works. Under this perspective, in the decade of the years forty, General Lázaro Cárdenas contributed to impel the idea of integrating Mexico in the economic life by means of new models of regional development, by means of commissions executives in hydrological basins. A first experience was the Commission of the River Papaloapan (1947), I plan that it looked for the economic and social development through the agricultural commercial impulse, but I get same to overcome the social and economic problems in those that he/she was the region. ; A partir de la primera mitad del siglo XX los gobiernos de México se propusieron instituir un nuevo proyecto de nación a través de la política de desarrollo regional que permitiera crecer al país económicamente. Para ello, el planteamiento político económico puso especial énfasis en el impulso agroindustrial, apoyando particularmente al sector agropecuario con una serie de instrumentos crediticios, precios de garantía, inversiones en riego y de comunicación. Desde 1940 se implementaron proyectos de irrigación a través de la Comisión Nacional de Irrigación en zonas ricas en recursos naturales; así mismo, se destinó una buena suma de dinero para obras de riego. Bajo esta perspectiva, en la década de los años cuarenta, el General Lázaro Cárdenas contribuyó a impulsar la idea de integrar a México en la vida económica por medio de nuevos modelos de desarrollo regional, mediante comisiones ejecutivas en cuencas hidrológicas. Una primera experiencia fue la Comisión del Río Papaloapan (1947), proyecto que buscó el desarrollo económico y social a través del impulso agrícola comercial, pero consigo mismo superar los problemas sociales y económicos en los que se encontraba la región.