Suchergebnisse

The interrelationship between consciousness and sensuality is a significant problem in many philosophical systems. The peculiarities of religious philosophy consists in the congruence of using argumentation with the basic religious dogmata, which are unchangeable and uncritiqued. This aspect, in turn, stimulates the development of exegetics and hermeneutics. In comparison with the Western philosophy, the particularity of Indian and Buddhist philosophy infers a larger quantity of polemical materials directed against the representatives of other competing schools. This article discusses the formation of the concept of "sensuality" in various Buddhist schools (Theravāda, Sarvastivāda, Madhyamaka) and the mutual conditionality of the sensual and mental (nāma-rūpa) in the conceptions of Theravādins and Sarvastivādins is noted. The peculiarities of using the terms "Hīnayāna" and "Hīnayānist" in Mahāyāna texts are explained. The representatives of Theravāda and Madhyamaka distinguished the terms of "clear sense" and "hidden sense", which, in turn, led to the appearance of the concept of "two truths" in Nāgārjuna's philosophy. The particularities of his argumentation regarding sensuality's absence of self-nature (rūpa) and his analysis of the various aspects of reality (including illusions, perceived as real ones) make it possible, which Nāgārjuna could admit, that consciousness could be more real in comparison with sensuality. It is concluded that there are no clear statements by Nāgārjuna about consciousness having an ontological status. In the author's opinion, the absence of a clear division between "two truths" makes it possible to use this concept in social practice. The author's translation to Russian of one of Nāgārjuna's hymns "The praising of inconceivable" (Acintyastava) from Sanskrit and from Tibetan is provided.

"This book is a collection of papers that are concerned with major figures and central topics in the history of early modern philosophy. Most of these papers are concerned with the philosophy of David Hume, one of the great figures in the history of philosophy. The contents of this collection are divided into five parts. The contributions are placed and arranged under the headings of metaphysics, free will, ethics, religion, and the general interpretation of Hume's philosophy. Among the various figures considered, other than Hume, are Thomas Hobbes, Baruch Spinoza, Nicolas Malebranche, Pierre Bayle, John Locke, George Berkeley, Samuel Clarke, and Adam Smith. Taken together, they present the reader with a substantial and significant set of interconnected and overlapping observations and insights relating to matters and figures of the greatest importance in early modern philosophy. As such, this collection not only provides some very different perspectives on the subject, it also shows how these otherwise dispersed and fragmented concerns and interests are relevant to each other, as well as to various topics in contemporary philosophy. The collection includes a previously unpublished paper on Hume's atheism and another paper on Adam Smith's views on religion and ethics that has not been previously published in English"--

Susan Mendus investigates the significance of love in moral and political philosophy. She argues for a re-interpretation of both enlightenment and feminist thinking, and shows how the former often takes love as central, while the latter draws our attention to human vulnerability and neediness. By combining the insights of enlightenment philosophy and feminist theory, the book aims to provide a new understanding of the role of love in moral and political philosophy.

Abstract
Recent interest in early German Romantic philosophy can be linked to other approaches, such as that of John Dewey, which are critical of the dominant direction of modern philosophy. The Romantics rethink the relationship between philosophy and art as a way of questioning modern philosophy's focus on epistemology and scepticism that leads to a lack of attention to the diverse other ways in which human beings make sense of things.

Kohan offers a transformative, revolutionary, and more radical alternative theory and practice of philosophy for children. He critiques the current state of philosophy for children and demonstrates alternative ways of thinking and practicing philosophy in childhood education

This volume collects 11 essays, five new and six reprinted, all completed between 2010 and 2020. Though the topics vary widely, each essay bears in one way or another on the description, exploration, or application of a version of naturalism called Second Philosophy. The title essay traces the source of second-philosophical thinking to the 'natural philosophy' of the early modern period, when 'science' and 'philosophy' weren't separate disciplines. Those that follow explore the consequences of the second-philosophical approach for the realism/instrumentalism debate in the philosophy of science, for the challenge of radical skepticism about our knowledge of the external world, for the theory of truth and reference, and for the philosophies of logic, arithmetic, and contemporary pure mathematics.

I read Beiner's book as the intellectual biography of someone who is both a witness and actor in the contemporary renewal of political philosophy. This is why, in the reflections that follow, I focus not on his perspicacious analyses of the various authors treated in the book, but rather on the manner in which he understands the nature of this renewal and the future of the discipline itself. My reflections are based in a fundamental agreement with the definition of philosophy defended in this work. Political philosophy is a discipline that reflects on the ends of human life in order to rank and to judge them. This is why, according to Beiner, political philosophy has the ambition to present totalizing views of human nature (14).

The philosophy of culture put forward by Šalkauskis is a version of political philosophy. By using a typology of the relationship between philosophy and democracy we attempt to prove that his philosophy of culture encompasses not one but few different understandings of the relationship between democracy and philosophy. By comparing the ideas of Šalkauskis with the issues of contemporary political philosophy we can see that democracy today is developing by distancing itself from the principles that Šalkauskis presented in his philosophy of culture. The philosophy of culture as developed by Šalkauskis has two distinctive features. First of all, Christianity is interpreted through the matrix of culture and this is why it becomes compatible with democracy. Secondly, philosophy of culture is consciously transformed into ideology and this transformation is what allowed it to become an important factor in political discussions.

One Historical Foundations of the Philosophy of Language -- One The Origin of the Philosophy of Language -- Two The Foundation of the Philosophy of Language -- Chater Three The Exploration of the Range of Language -- Four Language and the Rise of the Modern Era -- Two Contemporary Issues in the Philosophy of Language -- One Language and Precision -- Two Ordinary Language -- Three The Eminence of Language -- Four The Structure of Language -- Conclusion -- Conclusion.

The concept of paternalism / Danny Scoccia -- Hard and soft paternalism / Jason Hanna -- Moralism and moral paternalism / Peter de Marneffe -- Paternalism by and towards groups / Kalle Grill -- Self-paternalism / Chrisoula Andreou -- Paternalism and well-being / Jason Raibley -- Consequentialism, paternalism, and the value of liberty / Sarah Conly -- Kantian perspectives on paternalism / Melissa Seymour Fahmy -- Paternalism and duties to self / Michael Cholbi -- Paternalism and rights / Daniel Groll -- Paternalism and sentimentalism / Michael Slote -- Paternalism and autonomy / Suzy Killmister -- Mill's absolute ban on paternalism / Jonathan Riley -- Perfectionism and paternalism / Steven Wall -- Libertarian perspectives on paternalism / Peter Vallentyne -- Egalitarian perspectives on paternalism / Richard Arneson -- Should the capability approach be paternalistic? / Serene Khader -- Libertarian paternalism, nudging and public policy / Muireann Quigley -- Paternalistic manipulation / Moti Gorin -- Paternalistic lying and deception / Andreas Stokke -- Epistemic paternalism / Kristoffer Ahlstrom-Vij -- Paternalism and the criminal law / Heidi Hurd -- Paternalism and contract law / Péter Cserne -- Paternalism and the practitioner/patient relationship / Emma C. Bullock -- Deciding for the incompetent / Dana Howard -- Paternalism and education / Gina Schouten -- Paternalism and intimate relationships / George Tsai