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Issues related to environmental protection and trade liberalization have moved to the forefront of international policy agendas. This text discusses our knowledge of these issues in the presence of international trade and trade policy in the presence of environmental externalities.

In early 2014, a devastating epidemic of Ebola broke out across Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone, which then spread to other countries and led to the deaths of more than 11,000 people. In response, the affected countries declared states of emergency, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the epidemic to be a public health emergency of international concern, and the United Nations (UN) determined the epidemic was a threat to international peace and security. Though these actions helped confront the spread of Ebola, the WHO's and UN's responses were too slow and too inefficient to effectively combat the disease. To end this epidemic and to address future epidemics, the WHO and UN must be strengthened with more robust enforcement capabilities and increased funding. Further, the international community must recognize that Ebola is as much a threat to international peace and security as an act of war. Thus, states should react to disease outbreaks just as they would react to an act of war by utilizing the principle of self-defense pursuant to Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter.

Climate change is leading to increasing displacement and migration, as well as invol­untary immobility. The associated challenges and costs have long been neglected in the international climate negotiations. Until now, efforts to open up mobility choices for people negatively affected by climate change have been chronically underfunded. One important starting point for changing this is the explicit reference to human mobility in the new Loss and Damage Fund. However, financial resources and tech­nical support alone are not enough. In order to meet the epochal challenge of climate change-induced human mobility ambitious migration policy solutions are needed, including planned relocation and the consideration of climate change impacts in the management of labour migration. (author's abstract)

Collecting together some of the author's most important articles and book reviews including previously unpublished material, this book demonstrates Nicholas Onuf's own contribution to the theoretical dimension of international law and international relations, and highlights the wider themes and developments present in international law over the last forty years

"Militarism--understood as the social and international relations of the preparation for, and conduct of, organized political violence--is an abiding and defining characteristic of world politics. Yet despite the ongoing social, political and economic reach of military institutions, practices and values, the concept and subject of militarism has not received significant attention within recent debates in International Relations. This book intends to fill the gap in the current body of literature. It has two key overarching aims: to make the case for a renewed research agenda for IR centred on the concept of militarism; and to provide a series of empirically focused and theoretically informed case studies of contemporary militarism in practice. Containing a wide-ranging selection of chapters, the volume presents a diverse and eclectic body of research on militarism, designed to act as a stimulus to further research and debate. This book will be of much interest to students of military studies, war and conflict studies, international political economy and IR/security studies in general"--Provided by publisher.

Part I. Protected Values -- Chapter 1. Humanity -- Chapter 2. Self-determination of Peoples -- Chapter 3. International Rule of Law -- Chapter 4. The Common Heritage of Mankind -- Chapter 5. Human Rights: Between Universalism and Relativism -- Part II. Law -- Chapter 6. The Use of Force in International Law -- Chapter 7. The UN Security Council: from Preserving State Sovereignty to Protecting Humanity -- Chapter 8. UN Security Council Sanctions and International Peace and Secutiry: Context, Controversies and (Legal) Challenges -- Chapter 9. Peace(keeping) Operations: Soldiers without Enemies? -- Chapter 10. The Status of Forces Agreements -- Chapter 11. International Human Rights Law -- Chapter 12. Direct Participation in Hostilities -- Chapter 13. The Conduct of Hostilities -- Chapter 14. Chemical Weapons -- Chapter 15. Nuclear Weapons -- Chapter 16. Blinding Laser Weapons -- Chapter 17. Fuel Air Explosive Weapons -- Chapter 18. Current Issues of The Hague Law -- Chapter 19. Military Space Operations -- Chapter 20. The Protection of the Environment and Natural Resources in Armed Conflict -- Chapter 21. The Protection of Cultural Property in Armed Conflict and Occupation -- Chapter 22. Transnational and International Criminal Law -- Chapter 23. International Anti-Corruption Law -- Chapter 24. The Due Diligence Obligations of International Organisations Engaged in Disaster Management -- Part III: Institutions -- Chapter 25. Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) -- Chapter 26. European Union (EU): Security, Conflict and Migration -- Chapter 27. Association of East Asian Nations (ASEAN) -- Chapter 28. Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO) -- Chapter 29. Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) -- Chapter 30. Other "Hybrid" Tribunals -- Chapter 31. Post-Conflict Justice Mechanisms -- Chapter 32. INTERPOL -- Chapter 33. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) -- Chapter 34. United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) -- Chapter 35. World Health Organisation (WHO) -- Chapter 36. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) -- Chapter 37. International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement -- Chapter 38. Human Rights and Humanitarian NGOs -- Part IV. Challenges -- Chapter 39. Climate Change and Armed Conflict -- Chapter 40. Poaching and Wildlife Trafficking as a Threat to International Peace and Security -- Chapter. 41. The Use of Force in Pursuance of the Right to Self-Determination -- Chapter 42. The African Region´s Pushback against Mercenaries -- Chapter 43. International Humanitarian Protection to Disabled and Elderly People in Armed Conflict Zones. Chapter 44. The Politics of International Justice -- Chapter 45. Poverty -- Part V. Crimes -- Chapter 46. Genocide -- Chapter 47. Crimes against Humanity -- Chapter 48. The Crime of Apartheid.-Chapter 49. War Crimes -- Chapter 50. The Crime of Aggression: The Fall of the Supreme International Crime? -- Chapter 51. Military Ecocide -- Chapter 52. Religious Extremism -- Chapter 53. Human Smuggling and Human Trafficking -- Chapter 54. Organised Crime -- Part VI. Case Studies -- Chapter 55. Cambodia -- Chapter 56. Myanmar -- Chapter 57. Northern Cyprus -- Chapter 58. Former Yugoslavia -- Chapter 59. Northern Ireland: The Right to Life, Victim Mobilisation, and the Legacy of Conflict -- Chapter 60. The "War on Terror" -- Chapter 61.Jihad Misplaced for Terrorism: An Overview of the Boko Haram Crisis from Islamic and International Humanitarian Law Perspectives -- Chapter 62. Accountability of Religious Actors for CConflicts Motivated by Religion -- Chapter 63. The Children vs The Church: Human Rights and the Holy See in the Sex Abuse Crisis -- Chapter 64. The Role of International Law in the Prevention and Resolution of Possible Conflicts over Water in Central Asia: A Comparative Study with Special Reference to the European Union (EU). .

William Bain sustains his audacious claim to write a landmark in international relations thought. His view that the medieval theological debate between imposed order and immanent order structures contemporary thought about international order is largely compelling, especially in light of his demonstration that certain thinkers such as Hobbes and Grotius served as transmission belts, carrying this debate into modernity. He also persuasively shows that imposed order, or nominalism, dominates today's schools of international relations thought, while immanent order only whispers its dissent. I raise two questions in critical conversation. First, while Bain argues persuasively that political theology persists after Westphalia, which he seeks to debunk as a milestone in secularization, nevertheless Westphalia stands as a milestone in the marginalization of religion (though not political theology) as an influential force in politics. Second, while Bain demurs from choosing between imposed and immanent order on normative grounds, his claim that the choice is a matter of faith appears to be a choice for imposed order. Clarifying this normative question is an apposite task for this important author's next book.

AbstractInternational law is being challenged by a multitude of new actors and networks that do not fit within the traditional Westphalian system. Similarly, security is increasingly undermined by, for example, economic, health, and environmental threats that can affect individuals' daily lives and know no state boundaries. This is the kaleidoscopic world as outlined by Edith Brown Weiss. The concept of 'human security' has been advanced to inform decision-making on threats to security in the interest of individuals in a bottom-up manner. This article looks forward to methods that can counter what could be perceived as a legitimacy crisis in international law. First, some of the current challenges which international law faces are explained ranging from globalisation, the declining state-based order, and decentralised security threats. Second, the concept of human security is defined, and its contents expounded. Lastly, the thesis is advanced that a conceptual framework of human security can reorientate international law to be responsive to the kaleidoscopic world by using UN peace operations as an example of where human security could have a profound impact.

Drawing on new archival documents and interviews, this book demonstrates the evolving role of international politics in Olympic security planning. Olympic security concerns changed forever following the terrorist attack on Israeli athletes at the 1972 Munich Olympic Games. The International Olympic Committees (IOC) choice to ignore security after the attack in Munich left individual Olympic Games Organizing Committees to organize, fund, and provide security for the major international event. Future Olympic hosts planned security amidst increasing numbers of international terrorist attacks, and with the Cold War in full swing. For some Olympic hosts, Olympic security now represented their nations largest ever military operations. By the time the IOC made security more of a priority in the early 1980s, the trends in Olympic security were set for the future. Austin Duckworth is an independent scholar who most recently worked as a postdoctoral fellow at Aarhus University, Denmark. He completed his Ph. D. at the University of Texas at Austin, USA in Physical Culture and Sports Studies. His research interests are international relations, security, and sport.

The increasingly international reach of law owes part of its momentum to individual lawyers and law firms that function as carriers of ideas, processes and policies. U.S. lawyers are important participants in this expanding influence of law, both in the public sphere in areas such as human rights and in private areas, such as regulation of business. They work as representatives of both U.S. clients and foreign organizations and governments, bringing their basic mindset, shaped by education and practice experiences, into their dealings with foreign lawyers as they connect in a variety of roles, from co- and opposing counsel, to employees and partners. By working alongside and across the table from each other, U.S. and foreign lawyers have opportunities to influence one another and extend the reach of their conceptions about the way law and legal practice should work. Through these interactions, they define the terms of internationalization and thereby establish the agenda for the role of law at the international level. This article examines the regulatory environment in which that interaction occurs. It considers the obstacles faced by law firms intent upon combining foreign and U.S. lawyers and builds on prior work that investigated the impact on U.S. law firms of the development of an international market for legal services and the roles of foreign lawyers in the U.S. Regulation within the United States concerning the interaction between foreign and U.S. lawyers shapes the ways in which U.S. firms participate in the developing international market for legal services; it may well determine the placement and extent of that participation through U.S.-based activities. Further, restrictions on the interaction of foreign and U.S. lawyers limit the influence of U.S. practice and procedures on foreign lawyers, because such restrictions limit the opportunities for foreign lawyers to learn the ways and thinking of U.S. lawyers.