Suchergebnisse

This collection of new essays by philosophers and political theorists engages with a wide range of conceptual, moral and political questions raised by the current revival of patriotism. It displays both similarities and differences between patriotism and nationalism, and considers the proposal of Habermas and others to disconnect the two.

Leading scholars from the fields of political science, law and philosophy have been brought together to provide an essential overview of some of the major ethical, legal and political issues with regard to protecting civilians caught up in modern inter- and intra-state conflicts. In doing so, they examine what is being done, and what can be done, to make soldiers more aware of their responsibilities in this area under international law and the ethics of war, and more able to respond appropriately to the challenges that will confront them in the field.

British photographer Edmund Clark (born 1963) and counterterrorism investigator Crofton Black have assembled photographs and documents that confront the nature of contemporary warfare and the invisible mechanisms of state control. From George W. Bush's 2001 declaration of the "war on terror" until 2008, an unknown number of people disappeared into a network of secret prisons organized by the CIA-transfers without legal process known as extraordinary renditions. No public records were kept as detainees were shuttled all over the globe. Some were eventually sent to Guantánamo Bay or released without charge, while others remain unaccounted for. The paper trail assembled in this volume shows these activities via the weak points of business accountability: invoices, documents of incorporation and billing reconciliations produced by the small-town American businesses enlisted in detainee transportation.

The legislation, which is being proposed on the affirmation of sexual orientation, gender identity and gender expression, is apparently seeking to protect a category of people who may find it hard and painful to come to terms with their condition as being different from that of their peers or the rest of the population. An analysis of the provisions of the Bill, however, shows that everyone in practice will be hindered from having free access to professional guidance, advice and any other therapeutic help that may be appropriate and needed with respect to one's sexual orientation, gender identity and gender expression. Provisions on Unlawful Actions or Practices: Read superficially, the Bill gives the impression that the law will only intervene to protect the vulnerable and to ensure that no conversion therapy is offered and much less applied against one's own free will. In fact, however, the proposed legislation will affect persons who are not vulnerable and who out of their own free will seek appropriate forms of therapy to change their own sexual orientation, gender identity and, or gender expression. Legal Aspects: The Bill is inconsistent with the premises behind the Gender Identity, Gender Expression and Sex Characteristics Act, 2015, and with the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights. It also violates the Constitutional provisions on discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. The 2015 Law allows any person, including minors, to change their gender identity. The Bill, however, purports to render illegal, the resort to treatment "that aims to change … a person's sexual orientation, gender identity and, or gender expression." The judgements of the European Court of Human Rights lay stress on the important role of counselling in gender identity matters, making it an integral and indispensable part of the process. Why is it imperative to have compulsory counselling about physical gender choices, but a criminal offence to have voluntary counselling about psychological gender choices? What so forcefully applies to the first, should, with equal force, apply to the second. The Bill could be interpreted as relying on the generally accepted, but narrower, meaning of 'conversion therapy', which is treatment directed at changing the sexual orientation of a person from homosexual to heterosexual. If this is the intended meaning of conversion therapy, then the Bill is suffering from a most basic and manifest 'discrimination' failure. Specifically seeking to change, repress or eliminate the orientation of a person from homosexual to heterosexual would be made a criminal offence by the Bill. But, it would be perfectly legitimate to assist a heterosexual to become homosexual. That homosexuals and heterosexuals are afforded the same legal standing and protection is perfectly legitimate. This Bill does not do that. Professional Autonomy: The Bill fails to take into consideration complex realities encountered in clinical practice and overrides the professional ethics of psychologists, counsellors, etc. who regulate their conduct in the best interests of their clients. The Bill takes away the power from the client to set their goals with the therapist and criminalises any deviation from what it decrees. In so doing, the Bill restricts psychologists, counsellors etc. from the free exercise of their profession. Conclusion: The legislation being proposed on the affirmation of sexual orientation, gender identity and gender expression raises a number of serious ethical and legal issues. Rather than fostering a 'culture of dignity' in which every citizen, irrespective of sexual orientation or gender identity or expression, lives in an inclusive culture of recognition between human beings, the proposed Bill promotes discrimination, disrespect for personal autonomy and distrust in the accountability of professional bodies. ; non peer-reviewed

American politics has been hijacked. Over the past three decades, a fringe group of economic hucksters has corrupted and perverted our nation's policies. With dark, engaging wit, Jonathan Chait reveals how these canny zealots first took over the Republican Party and then gamed the political system and the media so that once unthinkable policies -- without a shred of academic, expert, or even popular support -- now drive the political agenda, regardless of which party is in power. Why have these ideas succeeded in Washington? How did a clique of extremists gain control of American economic policy and sell short the country's future? And why do their outlandish ideas still determine policy despite repeated electoral setbacks? Chait tells the outrageous and eye-opening story, expertly explaining just how politics and economics work in Washington. Through vivid portraits of venal politicians and pseudo-economists, with wry analyses of their bogus theories, Chait gives us the tools to understand what's really behind economic policy debates in Washington: a riveting drama of greed and deceit

"In the last four decades, food reformers have revealed the ecological and ethical problems of eating animals raised in industrial settings, turning what was once the boutique concern of radical eco-freaks into a mainstream movement. Although animal products are often labeled "cage free," "free range," and "humanely raised," can we trust these goods to be safe, sound, or ethical? In The Modern Savage, renowned writer, historian, and animal advocate James McWilliams pushes back against the questionable moral standards of a largely omnivorous world and explores the "alternative to the alternative"--not eating domesticated animals at all. In poignant, powerful, and persuasive prose, McWilliams reveals the scope of the cruelty that takes place even on the smallest and--supposedly--most humane animal farms. In a world increasingly aware of animals' intelligence and the range of their emotions, McWilliams advocates for the only truly moral, sustainable choice--a diet without meat, dairy, or other animal products. In the spirit of Fast Food Nation and The Omnivore's Dilemma, McWilliams's The Modern Savage is a riveting expose of an industry that has typically hidden behind a veil of morality, and a compelling account of how to live a more economical, environmental, and ethical life"--

"The role of artificial intelligence in war is widely recognized - but is there also a role for AI in fostering peace and preventing conflict? AI for Peace provides a new perspective on AI as a force for good in conflict-affected countries through early warning, peacebuilding, peacekeeping, and mediation. Looking at different technologies under the AI umbrella, such as machine learning, natural language processing, image processing, this book shows how AI can be used to collect and process data, uncover patterns, and augment work of peacebuilders. It sheds light on multiple examples of data-driven and AI-enabled initiatives across the world work to sustain peace, prevent conflict, and protect human rights and human security. It also explores the risks and emphasizes the importance of embedding ethics in all stages of AI-enabled activities. An increasingly relevant topic in the peacebuilding field, this book acts as an essential primer for introducing peacebuilders to the latest advancements in emerging technologies and will act as guide for future practice. It is also useful for those in data science and AI fields, raising awareness of the impacts of their work beyond bias and transparency. The book would also be a topical addition to undergraduate and postgraduate courses on digital peacebuilding, peacetech, international relations, tech in development, and humanitarian action"--

This text asks a deceptively simple question: what are states actually doing when they do penance for past injustices? Why are these penitential gestures - especially the gesture of apology - becoming so ubiquitous and what implications do they carry for the way power is exercised?

Part 1: Scientific Advances -- Chapter 1: The History of Computers and Personal Computers -- Chapter 2: History of the Internet, Search Engines, Emails, Word Processors, WiFi, and Texting -- Chapter 3: History of Smart Devices, Video Games and Video Communication, and Conferencing -- Part 2: History of Social Media -- Chapter 4: Beginning of Social Media's Launch -- Chapter 5: Meta, Twitter, Spotify, Instagram, Pinterest, Snap Chat and Tik Tok -- Part 3: Synopsis of Psychological Theories, with Behavioral Milestones and Factsheet as Support -- Chapter 6: Jean Piaget's Life and Stages of Cognitive Development -- Chapter 7: Erik Erickson's Life and Psychosocial Developmental Stages -- Chapter 8: CDC and Medline Milestones and APA Factsheet Guidelines -- Part 4: Developing a Framework and an Understanding of the Problem's in Today's World -- Chapter 9: Guidelines on When and How to Give Your Children Technology -- Chapter 10: Common Problems Prevalent in Today's Society -- Chapter 11: Conclusions and Thoughts.

Preface: Analysis without Sorting Hats - Jonathan Gray -- Part One SPEAKING UP AND SPEAKING OUT -- Speaking Up in a Public Space: The Strange Case of Rachel Whiteread's House -- Local Magics, Global Discretion -- Speaking about Others and Speaking Personally: Reflections after Elspeth Probyn's Sexing the Self -- The Individual "Point of View": Learning from Bourdieu's The Weight of the World -- Part Two SPACES OF MEDIA, SPACES OF EXCLUSION -- Remembering Diana: The Geography of Celebrity and the Politics of Lack -- Passing Ethnographies: Rethinking the Sites of Agency and Reflexivity in a Mediated World -- The Umbrella Man: Crossing a Landscape of Speech and Silence -- On the Set of the Sopranos: "Inside" a Fan's construction of Nearness -- Teaching Us to Fake It: The Ritualised Norms of Television's "Reality" Games -- Class and Contemporary Forms of "Reality" Production Or, Hidden Injuries of Class -- Part Three: DEMOCRACY'S UNCERTAIN FUTURES -- Form and Power in an Age of Continuous Spectacle -- Living Well with and through Media -- What and Where is the Transnationalized Public Sphere? -- A Necessary Disenchantment: Myth, Agency and Injustice in the Digital Age -- Media in Modernity: A Nice Derangement of Institutions -- Afterword: Refracting Power in an Age of Big Data - Nick Couldry

"'All men, everywhere, have asked the same questions: Whence we come, what kind of thing we are, and at least some intimation of what may become of us . . .' So begins Nobel Prize-winning scientist George Wald's 1970 Massey Lectures, now in print for the first time ever. Where did we come from, who are we, and what is to become of us - these questions have never been more urgent. Then, as now, the world is facing major political and social upheaval, from overpopulation to nuclear warfare to environmental degradation and the uses and abuses of technology. Using scientific fact as metaphor, Wald meditates on our place, and role, on Earth and in the universe. He urges us to therefore choose life - to invest in our capabilities as human beings, to heed the warnings of our own self-destruction, and above all to honour our humanity."--