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This article challenges claims that liberalising state regulated markets in developing countries may induce lasting economic development. The analysis of the rise of tourism in Egypt during the last three decades suggests that the effects of liberalisation and structural adjustment are constrained by the neo-patrimonial character of the Egyptian political system. Since the decline of oil rent revenues during the 1980s tourism development was the optimal strategy to compensate for the resulting fiscal losses. Increasing tourism revenues have helped in coping with macroeconomic imbalances and in avoiding more costly adjustment of traditional economic sectors. Additionally, they provided the private elite with opportunities to generate large profits. Therefore, sectoral transformations due to economic liberalisation in neo-patrimonial Rentier states should be described as a process, which has led to the diversification of external rent revenues, rather than to a general downsizing of the Rentier character of the economy. (GIGA) ; This article challenges claims that liberalising state regulated markets in developing countries may induce lasting economic development. The analysis of the rise of tourism in Egypt during the last three decades suggests that the effects of liberalisation and structural adjustment are constrained by the neo-patrimonial character of the Egyptian political system. Since the decline of oil rent revenues during the 1980s tourism development was the optimal strategy to compensate for the resulting fiscal losses. Increasing tourism revenues have helped in coping with macroeconomic imbalances and in avoiding more costly adjustment of traditional economic sectors. Additionally, they provided the private elite with opportunities to generate large profits. Therefore, sectoral transformations due to economic liberalisation in neo-patrimonial Rentier states should be described as a process, which has led to the diversification of external rent revenues, rather than to a general downsizing of the Rentier character of the economy. -- Egypt ; rentier state ; economic liberalisation ; economic development ; tourism ; Dieser Artikel stellt den Zusammenhang zwischen nachhaltiger wirtschaftlicher Entwicklung infolge der Liberalisierung staatlich regulierter Märkte in Entwicklungsländern in Frage. Die Analyse des Aufstiegs des Tourismussektors in Ägypten seit Anfang der 1970er Jahre zeigt, dass die Liberalisierung und Diversifizierung der ägyptischen Ökonomie maßgeblich durch den neopatrimonialen Charakter ihres politischen Systems bestimmt war. Infolge des Rückgangs der Erdölpreise seit den frühen 1980er Jahren wurde der Ausbau des Tourismussektors zur optimalen Entwicklungsstrategie, um Einnahmenverlust zu kompensieren. Die steigenden Tourismuseinnahmen halfen dem ägyptischen Staat, makroökonomische Ungleichgewichte auszugleichen und kostspielige Anpassungsprozesse in traditionellen Wirtschaftssektoren zu vermeiden. Darüber hinaus eröffnete die Tourismusentwicklung den privaten Wirtschaftseliten des Landes neue Möglichkeiten, erhebliche Profite zu realisieren. Sektorale Transformationen in neopatrimonialen Rentier-Staaten sollten deswegen vor allem als Rentendiversifizierung verstanden werden und weniger als Prozesse, die den Rentencharakter einer Volkswirtschaft im Allgemeinen verringern. (GIGA) ; Thomas Richter and Christian Steiner ; Parallel als Buch-Ausg. erschienen

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Introduction to the Transaction Edition: -- Preface -- Part I: SLAVERY IN THEORY AND PRACTICE -- 1. The New World and Slavery -- 2. Negroes and Slavery -- 3. The "Peculiar Institution" -- 4. Effects of Revolutionary and Post-Revolutionary Eras -- 5. Stabilizing the Slave System -- 6. Spanish and American Slavery Compared -- 7. Slavery as a "Positive Good" -- 8. Slavery as a Way of Life -- 9. The Challenge of Freedom -- 10. The Verdict of War -- 11. The Continuing Debate -- Part II: READINGS -- 1. Andrew Jackson Seeks a Runaway -- 2. Indian Slavers -- 3. The Slave Trader: His Life and Outlook -- 4. James Fenimore Cooper On Slavery in New York -- 5. Frederick Law Olmsted: An Antislavery Opinion in North Carolina -- 6. Emancipation Proclamation: What It Did and Did Not Do -- 7. Codes" and the Negro: Their Purpose and Variety -- 8. The Northern Response to Freedmen -- 9. Conditions Affecting Slavery: Illinois and the West Indies -- 10. A Slave Defends Slavery -- 11. John J. Audubon Encounters a Runaway -- 12. John C. Calhoun Responds to Abolitionists -- 13. The Free Negro: His Enslavement -- 14. Colonization and the Free Negro -- 15. Colonization and the Slave -- 16. The Folklore of Rebellion: The Appeal of Nat Turner -- 17. A Foreign View: Charles Dickens on Slavery -- 18. Frances Anne Kemble:An Insider's View of Slavery? -- 19. William Wells Brown:Pictures of Slave Life -- 20. William Still:Chronicles of Enslavement -- 21. Harriet Beecher Stowe:The Sale of Uncle Tom -- 22. The Border States: A Slave's Wedding -- 23. Slavery for Northerners: A Proposal -- 24. The Proslavery Answer to British Criticism -- 25. Henry Clay: What Is to Be Done? -- 26. Frederick Douglass on"The Slavery Party" -- 27. Hinton Rowan Helper: Slavery Renounced

Introduction -- Key Concepts and Theoretical Framework -- EU Council Presidency and National Administrations: The Preparation and the Presidency Period -- Long-Term Impact of the Council Presidency on National Administrations -- The Impact of the EU Council Presidency on National Ministers: A Quantitative Analysis of Attendance at Council Meetings -- The Impact of the European Union Council Presidency on Public Opinion in the Member States: Improving Knowledge of the EU? -- Conclusion.

During the 1970s, for the first time in the political history of the Southern Cone, supranation-al integration between the different dictatorships of the region took place. These intensified state repressive action, putting into operation a counterrevolutionary state war machine with a clear desire for liquidation, which reached an objective realization through the disappear-ance of people and the spread of terror. As a result of this process, which knew no national boundaries or ideological boundaries, there was a massive violation of human rights; on the other hand, and from this, in the field of social sciences the conceptualization of State terror-ism was used before its conceptual precision allowed for unicity of criteria. This article pre-sents a theoretical conceptual reflection to advance the understanding of the specific mecha-nisms of the emergence, expansion and transnationalization of State terrorism. With the con-crete study of the Operation Condor, which fully demonstrated the integration of the dictator-ships of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay.

This reference work provides complete returns for the presidential elections by state and county for the period 1788 to 1860. This information is nowhere else available in one volume, and much of it has been pieced together through years of research of original sources of many kinds. The work begins with a history of voting for presidential electors and the influence of political parties on the electors, and prefaces the main text with listings of election dates, county names (past and present), party abbreviations used in the book, and counties created following each state's first popular ele

One legacy of the Reagan administration was the transfer of many responsibilities from federal to state levels. Under Reagan, the federal government combined various programs into block grants for state administration. This mail survey of 35 of the 50 state directors of state community block grant programs reveals that most directors do not find much coverage by newspapers, television, or radio about how the money — once allocated (often covered) — is actually spent. Such as it is, newspapers provide most coverage. Most stories are descriptive, but some are analytical and investigative. Most directors spend little time with the news media but those that do report generating more coverage. The study speculates that news media do not give these federal-to-state programs enough coverage, providing a weak link between government and people.

Congress -- Congress -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter One: The Federal System -- Chapter Two: Devolution of Power -- Chapter Three: Facilitation of State Criminal Law Enforcement -- Chapter Four: Congressional Financial Assistance -- Chapter Five: Facilitation of Interstate Compact Formation -- Chapter Six: State-Friendly Congressional Statutes -- Chapter Seven: Congressional Facilitation of State Actions -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index.

Previous scholarship on states' autonomy from the interests of society has focused primarily on nondemocratic societies, raising the question of whether "state theory" is relevant to modern states. Public opinion research documenting the ignorance of mass polities suggests that modern states may be as autonomous as, or more autonomous than, premodern states. Premodern states' autonomy was secured by their ability to suppress societal dissent by force of arms. Modern states may have less recourse to overt coercion because the very thing that legitimates them in the eyes of society -- democracy -- virtually ensures that society will not control the state, since the putative agent control, the electorate, cannot possibly be well informed about the multitudinous tasks undertaken by modern governments. Instead of focusing solely on armies, taxes, & bureaucracies, state theorists can now direct their attention to the vagaries of public opinion & the legitimating effects of popular elections may fuel state autonomy. 14 References. Adapted from the source document.

This paper considers the decentralized funding of public universities in a federation when students and graduates are mobile. In particular, I discuss whether local governments should be given the right to differentiate tuition fees between in-state and out-of-state students. I develop a model of decentralized decision making which allows me to draw conclusions about how such a price-discrimination affects welfare and the number of students in a federation. It is shown that local governments differentiate fees if allowed to do so and that this reduces the mobility of students and federal welfare. To assess the impact of differentiated fees on the number of students in the federation this paper extends previous work by endogenizing the number of students. The model predicts that when differentiated fees are used less individuals decide to attend university.

A conclusion to this collection of essays on contemporary public attitudes toward the welfare state revisits the development of modern society, identifying the core values of civilization (particularly in Eastern & Western Europe) & the role of the state in sustaining them. The concept of civilization is discussed in terms of Norbert Elias's (1939) work & later theories derived from it. Focus is on how the withdrawal of the state from many of its former functions has impacted the citizens of complex, modern societies, specifically, in terms of (1) social coexistence; (2) the evolution of cultural values & their "trickling down" from the highest to the lowest strata; (3) the distribution of resources & access to them; (4) civilizing agents; (5) the greater refinement & intricacy of civilizational patterns at the top of the social strata; (6) changes in the role of physical & symbolic violence; & (7) the lengthy time necessary to achieve civilization & various factors that can cause de- or anticivilization. Specific factors shaping modern civilization are identified, & the state's role in addressing new challenges posed by increased social density & complexity, social differentiation & exclusion, & competitiveness is explored. 49 References. K. Hyatt Stewart

Two broad trends characterize neoliberal forms of environmental governance: a shift in responsibilities for managing nature from state to nonstate actors and the use of market‐based mechanisms and rationalities to manage the environment. In Belize, a transnational alliance of conservation nongovermental organizations (NGOs) has taken responsibility for governing large swaths of Belizean nature. While most analyses of NGOs' roles in environmental government focus on efforts to manage resource‐dependent rural communities, this article explores how this NGO alliance has used ecotourism, a market‐based mechanism to fund protected areas, to elicit actions in favor of conservation from state officials.

This paper develops two claims that follow from two general conclusions from recent re-search on peacebuilding and post-conflict reconstruction. The first is that international peacebuilders are fairly good at ending violence and at producing stability, but are less talented at creating liberal states. In order to understand why, Section I develops the concept of the "peacebuilders' contract", which is intended to map the kinds of strategic interactions that are likely to unfold between peacebuilders and local élites and capture why these interactions are likely to favour the status quo preferred by local forces. Following on the general recognition that international peacebuilders are limited in what they can produce, the second conclusion concerns the need for peacebuilders to be more strategic in their thinking and to be satisfied with producing small victories that can sup-port the emergence of decent governments which provide the foundations for future movements towards a positive peace. These observations and their implications are applicable not only to post-war interventions, but also to the broader international agenda of fixing states.

The inclusion of racial/ethnic minorities is often considered an important factor leading to a relatively limited American welfare system. However, given the federal nature of welfare eligibility rules and the states' role in determining benefit levels, few studies explicitly link questions of inclusion and benefit levels when explaining the evolution of American welfare policy. This study examines the relationship between inclusion and benefit levels by analyzing state policies related to the welfare reforms of 1996 which allowed states to decide if recent immigrants would be included in welfare benefits, and subsequently the extent to which this decision affected overall benefit levels offered by states under TANF. The results suggest that states' decisions regarding inclusion subsequently affect benefit levels, with the direction of these relationships most closely reflecting the erosion model's prediction of broader eligibility associated with lower benefit levels.