Suchergebnisse

The Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals recently ruled in favor of several governmental agencies seeking to construct a new bridge in the Pamlico Sound adjacent to North Carolina's Outer Banks. For years, state and federal agencies have put forth a massive coordinated effort to address the constant weather damage and erosion which occurs to a section of North Carolina Highway 12. The court found the agencies properly cleared NEPA's environmental review requirements for the bridge's construction. Additionally, the opponent-litigants' efforts to add claims challenging the project, based on new information about a shipwreck in the bridge's path, were futile.

In the frame of the socio-economic monitoring of the Bretagne-Pays-de-la-Loire high-speed line (LGV BPL), a dedicated working group has been set up to study the direct and indirect impacts of the infrastructure on the farming sector. Gathering all the concerned stakeholders, this group aims to coordinate and follow the progress of the various studies on the topic. Three of this studies are presented here in addition to a benchmark description of the main agricultural characteristics in the concerned area. Are so reported a study on the degree of farmland fragmentation, another one on the size change dynamics of farms, and a last one dealing with farmers' adaptation strategies in reaction to such a large project. Even though these studies have not yet all produced operational results, we hope that they will all contribute to objectivize the debate which arose when the project was launched and the observatory was set up. ; Dans le cadre de l'Observatoire socio-économique de la LGV BPL, un groupe de travail spécifique a été mis en place pour étudier les impacts directs et indirects de l'infrastructure sur le secteur agricole. Associant l'ensemble des acteurs concernés par cette problématique, il a pour objectif de coordonner et suivre l'avancement de différentes études sur ce thème. Trois d'entre elles sont abordées ici en complément d'un état des lieux des grandes caractéristiques de l'activité agricole présente dans la zone concernée. Sont ainsi présentés un travail sur le degré de morcellement des parcellaires agricoles, un autre sur la dynamique des structures agricoles en matière de changement de taille, et enfin un dernier sur les stratégies d'adaptation déployées par les agriculteurs en réaction à un projet d'une telle envergure. Si ces différents travaux n'en sont pas encore tous à produire des résultats opérationnels, nous espérons qu'ils contribueront tous à objectiver les éléments de débat exprimés lors du lancement du projet et de la mise en place de l'Observatoire.

37 57 19 1 ; SWORD ; [EN] Rurality is being reduced to the phenomenon of depopulation, producing debates around proposals for action focused on a specific type of rurality. Mostly they are based on the conception of the rural as a space at the service of the functions assigned from the city. In this paper we analyze opposing discourses in the proposals, but these share the functional conception where part of the causes of depopulation may be found. We propose to assume another way of conceiving rurality as a social expression in a context of low demographic density, diverse and in continuous adaptation to the changing reality. Ginés Sánchez, X.; Querol Vicente, VA. (2019). Social construction of rurality and New Rurality. An approach to the interpretation framework of rurality by politicians and social agents. Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales - Agricultural and Resource Economics. 19(1):37-57. https://doi.org/10.7201/earn.2019.01.03 ; [ES] La ruralidad está quedando reducida al fenómeno de la despoblación, produciendo debates en torno a propuestas de actuación centradas en un tipo de ruralidad concreta. Mayoritariamente se basan en la concepción de lo rural como un espacio al servicio de las funciones asignadas desde la ciudad. En este trabajo analizamos discursos enfrentados en las propuestas, pero que comparten la concepción funcional donde quizá se encuentren parte de las causas de la despoblación. Proponemos asumir otra forma de concebir la ruralidad como una expresión social en un medio de baja densidad demográfica, diverso y en continua adaptación a la realidad cambiante.

One of the priority thrusts under ADB's Water Operational Plan 2011–2020 is increased water use efficiency in municipal water supply through aggressive reduction of nonrevenue water (NRW). Water loss or NRW is one of the main and most urgent problems for many water utilities in Asia and the Pacific. This is usually due to one or several factors: aging infrastructure, lack of holistic asset management practices, water theft, and improper accounting of water. The International Water Association (IWA) Water Balance Methodology is a recognized international best practice on identifying, measuring, and analyzing water loss. This pilot and demonstration activity (PDA) will introduce the methodology in five countries representing the five regions of ADB's operations and promote a standardized approach to measuring NRW, increasing capacity and adoption into respective operations.

In the frame of the socio-economic monitoring of the Bretagne-Pays-de-la-Loire high-speed line (LGV BPL), a dedicated working group has been set up to study the direct and indirect impacts of the infrastructure on the farming sector. Gathering all the concerned stakeholders, this group aims to coordinate and follow the progress of the various studies on the topic. Three of this studies are presented here in addition to a benchmark description of the main agricultural characteristics in the concerned area. Are so reported a study on the degree of farmland fragmentation, another one on the size change dynamics of farms, and a last one dealing with farmers' adaptation strategies in reaction to such a large project. Even though these studies have not yet all produced operational results, we hope that they will all contribute to objectivize the debate which arose when the project was launched and the observatory was set up. ; Dans le cadre de l'Observatoire socio-économique de la LGV BPL, un groupe de travail spécifique a été mis en place pour étudier les impacts directs et indirects de l'infrastructure sur le secteur agricole. Associant l'ensemble des acteurs concernés par cette problématique, il a pour objectif de coordonner et suivre l'avancement de différentes études sur ce thème. Trois d'entre elles sont abordées ici en complément d'un état des lieux des grandes caractéristiques de l'activité agricole présente dans la zone concernée. Sont ainsi présentés un travail sur le degré de morcellement des parcellaires agricoles, un autre sur la dynamique des structures agricoles en matière de changement de taille, et enfin un dernier sur les stratégies d'adaptation déployées par les agriculteurs en réaction à un projet d'une telle envergure. Si ces différents travaux n'en sont pas encore tous à produire des résultats opérationnels, nous espérons qu'ils contribueront tous à objectiver les éléments de débat exprimés lors du lancement du projet et de la mise en place de l'Observatoire.

In the frame of the socio-economic monitoring of the Bretagne-Pays-de-la-Loire high-speed line (LGV BPL), a dedicated working group has been set up to study the direct and indirect impacts of the infrastructure on the farming sector. Gathering all the concerned stakeholders, this group aims to coordinate and follow the progress of the various studies on the topic. Three of this studies are presented here in addition to a benchmark description of the main agricultural characteristics in the concerned area. Are so reported a study on the degree of farmland fragmentation, another one on the size change dynamics of farms, and a last one dealing with farmers' adaptation strategies in reaction to such a large project. Even though these studies have not yet all produced operational results, we hope that they will all contribute to objectivize the debate which arose when the project was launched and the observatory was set up. ; Dans le cadre de l'Observatoire socio-économique de la LGV BPL, un groupe de travail spécifique a été mis en place pour étudier les impacts directs et indirects de l'infrastructure sur le secteur agricole. Associant l'ensemble des acteurs concernés par cette problématique, il a pour objectif de coordonner et suivre l'avancement de différentes études sur ce thème. Trois d'entre elles sont abordées ici en complément d'un état des lieux des grandes caractéristiques de l'activité agricole présente dans la zone concernée. Sont ainsi présentés un travail sur le degré de morcellement des parcellaires agricoles, un autre sur la dynamique des structures agricoles en matière de changement de taille, et enfin un dernier sur les stratégies d'adaptation déployées par les agriculteurs en réaction à un projet d'une telle envergure. Si ces différents travaux n'en sont pas encore tous à produire des résultats opérationnels, nous espérons qu'ils contribueront tous à objectiver les éléments de débat exprimés lors du lancement du projet et de la mise en place de l'Observatoire.

In 2011, the Asian Development Bank described the 21st century as the Asian Century, highlighting the region's dramatic economic growth, its success in poverty alleviation, and the probability that Asian countries will account for half of global GDP by 2050 (ADB, 2011). Asia's high growth rates have coincided with dramatic urbanization. Between 1980 and 2010, the region's urban population grew by more than 1 billion; in 2018, it will exceed the rural population for the first time. By 2050, two-thirds of Asian-Pacific dwellers will be urban, and the region will host the majority of the world's 40 mega-cities, with populations of ten million or more. This massive urban transition has no historical precedent (UNESCAP, 2017). Therefore, it may be more apt to speak of this epoch as the Asian urban century (Mohan, 2006). Despite this rapid migration, approximately half of the continent's population still live in rural areas (World Bank, 2015a; 2015b). This suggests that the influx of migrants to Asian cities is likely to continue, accelerating economic growth and regional dynamism, but also straining the region's resources.

This article analyses the spatial effects in farmers' investment decisions, in particular the role of neighbourhood effects, for the specific case of dairy farmers in a region of Western France. Investment decisions are measured by investment spikes, enabling the analysis to be linked to the literature on adoption of technology innovation. The main contribution is in accounting for the effect of the previous decisions of the farmers' neighbours, with the help of a spatial probit econometric model that includes investment age. Results show that farmers are not immediately influenced by the simultaneously-made decisions of their neighbours, but rather by the decisions taken by their neighbours in the year before. However, this positive influence does not compensate for the negative effect of own previous investment decisions

International audience Agricultural experiment stations have both research and promotion aims. They always have played an important role in the agricultural changes. Today, in France, the future of these stations is uncertain. Several studies documented the emergence of experiment stations during the agricultural modernization between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, at a time where innovation was only seen as the result of a linear process. However, we know little about the recent history of experiment stations and about their contribution to the production of agronomic knowledge in a context of agroecological transition.A survey in two experiment stations of the French National Institute for Agricultural Research shows how the modes of experiment have changed from confined experiment to semi-confined experiment through an increasing involvement of agricultural stakeholders in the processes of knowledge production. This article focuses both on the evolution of the relationships between the experiment stations and the agricultural stakeholders and on the resulting transformation of the nature of knowledge. ; Les stations expérimentales agronomiques, ayant à la fois des visées de recherche et de promotion de nouvelles pratiques ont joué un rôle important dans la transformation des systèmes agricoles. Actuellement, en France, l'avenir de ces stations est questionné. Un certain nombre de travaux ont documenté l'émergence des stations expérimentales dans le contexte diffusionniste de la modernisation agricole à la fin du XIXe et durant la première moitié du XXe siècle. Cependant, on en sait assez peu sur leur histoire récente et sur la manière dont elles contribuent aujourd'hui à la production de savoirs agronomiques dans un contexte de transition agro-écologique.À partir d'une enquête compréhensive dans deux stations expérimentales de l'Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRA), cet article montre comment s'est effectué le passage d'une forme d'expérimentation confinée à ...

This article analyses the spatial effects in farmers' investment decisions, in particular the role of neighbourhood effects, for the specific case of dairy farmers in a region of Western France. Investment decisions are measured by investment spikes, enabling the analysis to be linked to the literature on adoption of technology innovation. The main contribution is in accounting for the effect of the previous decisions of the farmers' neighbours, with the help of a spatial probit econometric model that includes investment age. Results show that farmers are not immediately influenced by the simultaneously-made decisions of their neighbours, but rather by the decisions taken by their neighbours in the year before. However, this positive influence does not compensate for the negative effect of own previous investment decisions

Lecture given by Professor Sabhasri Sanga, Chairman, Executive Board, National Research Council, Bangkok, Thailand at the Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, 27.10.1994 Audio is poor quality This lecture is part of the Campus Seminars and Distinguished Lecturer Series, Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, 1991 – 1997. https://figshare.com/projects/Campus_Seminars_and_Distinguished_Lecturer_Series_Waite_Campus_University_of_Adelaide/17756

Considered to be the largest contributor to the growth in the world's urban population in the coming years, India and its urbanisation process have reached a critical juncture. As one of the fastest growing countries, urbanisation is undoubtedly an opportunity and a challenge for India with huge implications for the rest of the world. One crucial issue in this respect is the provisioning of basic urban services in our cities. Through a case study of four Indian cities, this work examines the current unmanaged growth (business as usual urbanisation) and the costs associated with it. Using a social cost accounting (SCA) methodology, it estimates the market and non-market costs associated with the delivery of water, sanitation, transport and energy services. Thus the study goes beyond often discussed issues of access to services and the direct costs involved and invites attention to often ignored social and environmental costs. Each service provision is also categorized into public, private and self-provision across the three sectors and explored further. The study highlights that despite high levels of coverage in the four cities, the quantity and quality of services are inadequate in many respects, especially in the case of water and transport, and have high associated social and environmental costs.

The food production system throughout the European Union, which includes farm production, harvesting, transport, processing, storage, marketing and consumption, is vast, complex and open. The high volume of trade in fresh vegetables and fruits contributes to the vulnerability to contamination, whether by accident or intent. Outbreak investigation is critical to understanding the sources of contamination and the steps required to minimize it. The fact that much of the trade in these commodities is international makes it critical that mediation efforts and cooperative research cross national barriers, just as the pathogens do. Enhancing the biosecurity of food production requires assessment of the following: how is the food production system currently organized, in what ways might it be vulnerable to contamination, either accidental or deliberate, what are the primary factors that would allow discrimination between deliberate vs. accidental outbreaks, how can the epidemiological and surveillance systems in Europe be strengthened to shorten outbreak response and mediation times, how can implicated fresh produce be traced to its source, and what forensically valid subtyping method(s) is/are available for detection and discrimination of associated foodborne pathogens.

Lecture given by Mr Clinton Condon, Chairman, Australian Wheat Board at the Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, 7.7.1993 Thirty ninth Hannaford Memorial Lecture This lecture is part of the Campus Seminars and Distinguished Lecturer Series, Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, 1991 – 1997. https://figshare.com/projects/Campus_Seminars_and_Distinguished_Lecturer_Series_Waite_Campus_University_of_Adelaide/17756

The history of the legal status of agricultural seeds is a tragedy. The multiplication of plant property rights, facilitated by a system of free access to the genetic resource, has deprived farmers of part of their identity and heritage. And if the reownership of seeds by producers would require new forms of collective and local management, inspired by the reflections on "commons"? ; International audience ; The history of the legal status of agricultural seeds is a tragedy. The multiplication of plant property rights, facilitated by a system of free access to the genetic resource, has deprived farmers of part of their identity and heritage. And if the reownership of seeds by producers would require new forms of collective and local management, inspired by the reflections on "commons"? ; L'histoire du statut juridique des semences agricoles est celle d'une tragédie. La multiplication des droits de propriété sur le végétal, facilitée par un système de libre accès à la ressource génétique, a dépossédé les agriculteurs d'une part de leur identité et de leur patrimoine. Et si la réappropriation des semences par les producteurs passait par de nouvelles formes de gestion collective et locale, inspirées des réflexions sur les « communs » ?