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The 'international' can be conceived of as a highly sought after symbolic capital. People seek to internationalise their curriculum vitae or resumes, study international subjects, get international diplomas, travel internationally, obtain international jobs. As symbolic capital the 'international' can be converted into 'profit' complementing other forms of capital (economic, cultural and social capital), deployed in struggles for social domination. It is used as a strategy of social positioning and social domination quasi-globally, but it is not recognised everywhere in the same way. We are particularly interested in the unequal distribution of this symbolic capital, the way differential conversion rates and social boundaries operate in the generation of social inequalities. For this, we will work with and against Bourdieu, in analysing the 'international' as a source of a highly contextual form of symbolic power, deployed in a variety of social group formations, but with uneven, differential effects, a naturalised and disguised form of domination. Ultimately, this article problematises how claims to 'internationality' operate in social relations and power-struggles and provides an analytical framework hereof.

As social work increasingly develops an international perspective, there is a need for educational approaches that more fully integrate this content into the curriculum. This article presents an instructional framework focused on developing global leadership using the theme of universal human rights. It encourages students to analyze oppressive practices of power and to pursue equality for all people through acquiring human rights literacy (knowledge), empathy (values), responsibility (action), and transforming this into global leadership (change). It provides examples of teaching strategies that assist students in developing an international perspective to guide social work practice in the global 21st century.

Critical of the international community's response to ethnic conflict in the former Yugoslavia; examines reasons for failure of UN peacekeeping efforts and other peace plans. Summaries in English and Spanish p. 444 and 458.

The UK government is currently proposing the enactment of a "Sanctions Act" upon the UK's withdrawal from the EU in 2019, embodying a right to impose "autonomous sanctions" against other states and non-state actors, on the basis that the UK will no longer be able to benefit from the EU's collective sanctioning competence. The spotlight is again on the nature and purposes of sanctions in international law. The article addresses the legal framework applicable to sanctions by, first of all, showing that the nature of sanctions is different in the international legal order to how it is conceived in domestic legal orders in that sanctions are primarily imposed in response to threats to or breaches of the peace and, in so doing, the analysis will distinguish sanctions from countermeasures and other non-forcible measures. It then proceeds to demonstrate that the values of peace and security that underpin sanctions are essentially normative and should be seen as part of the international legal order and enforceable through sanctions alongside other fundamental norms of international law. Whether viewed as responses to breaches of international law or not, the analysis shows that sanctions are collective measures exclusively within the competence of international organizations. Having established the conceptual and legal frameworks for understanding sanctions, the article considers sanctions imposed against states and non-state actors, and explores whether the move towards targeted sanctions is a form of collective response to violations of international law. The article finishes by considering that, in contrast to countermeasures and other measures of self-help, collective sanctions are inherently lawful, but can only be legally justified as measures adopted out of a necessity to prevent major ruptures to peace and international law.

Exam board: Pearson Edexcel Level: International GCSE (9-1) Subject: History First teaching: September 2017 First exams: Summer 2019 Endorsed for Pearson Edexcel qualifications Follow the tried-and-tested methods of bestselling author Ben Walsh. This book builds the skills required for exam success, helps students to remember all the content and makes History really interesting. The authors have listened to feedback from teachers and students about the challenging aspects of the specification, to ensure that they deliver the support you need. You can rely on this textbook to: > Ensure that History is accessible to all. Straightforward language, manageable chunks of text and plenty of bullet points guide you through the content, which is covered in the amount of depth that students need > Bring historical events, people and developments to life. Ben Walsh is known for selecting memorable sources and extracts that work alongside the narrative to draw out the big concepts within each topic > Focus on what really matters. The features in the book are designed to consolidate students' knowledge of the key points - from 'Focus' boxes and regular 'Knowledge check' questions to end-of-chapter summaries > Break down exam skills into small steps. Activities throughout the chapters and larger 'Focus tasks' teach students how to select, organise and use their knowledge to explain, analyse, evaluate and make judgements > Provide easy-to-follow exam advice. Clear explanations of the exam requirements, analysis of what a good answer might look like and handy tips help students to feel confident and prepared This book covers the following units: Depth studies > Germany: development of dictatorship, 1918-45 > Dictatorship and conflict in the USSR, 1924-53 > A world divided: superpower relations, 1943-72 > A divided union: civil rights in the USA, 1945-74.

This collection of essays in honour of Professor Leo Bouchez covers a wide variety of topics within the field of international law and related disciplines which Professor Bouchez came into contact with over the course of his long and distinguished career as a practising attorney. The contributions, by a distinguished group of friends and professional colleagues, reflect the diversity of his intellectual interests and professional activities, of both a theoretical and a practical nature. The essays include such topics as jurisdiction, extradition law, human rights and self-determination, the use of force and the enforcement of United Nations sanctions, territory and the law of the sea, as well as essays on municipal law topics relating to international law and on international relations. Professor Bouchez was a senior partner in the firm of Houthoff and Associates and Adjunct Professor of International Law at the University of Utrecht until his retirement in 1998