Suchergebnisse

The article made an overview analysis of selected scientific publications placed in the published in 2021 a collection of scientific papers " Latest Criminal Law Research - 2021", which had been prepared in connection with the formation and further discussion of the draft Criminal Code of Ukraine. Researchers raise a wide range of issues related to the formation of the fundamental foundations of a new in content and form of criminal law, and of its individual institutions in order to find effective forms and measures to counter the challenges that have emerged in the context of widespread criminalization of various spheres of human life. Modern Ukrainian criminal law is in a state of comprehensive transformation caused by socio-economic, political, ideological and other changes in society and the state. Building a legal and social state, transforming society in order to give it the content of a civil society is impossible without a fundamental change in law. This is what determines the schedule of most scientific events of various formats and requires Ukrainian researchers, both theorists and practitioners, to participate in the discussion of a large number of debatable issues of the normative definition and practice of applying legal norms in various branches of law. It should be noted that representatives of the Ukrainian criminal law doctrine are at the forefront of the formation of a modern, both in form and in content, branch of criminal law. Naturally, most of the well-known representatives of the Ukrainian criminal law elite are members of the Public Organization "All-Ukrainian Association of Criminal Law" and provide real support to the activities of the Working Group on the Development of Criminal Law, which functions as a structural unit of the Commission on Legal Reform, created by the Decree of the President of Ukraine dated August 7, 2019 No. 584/2019. The pages of the annual publication of scientific papers "Latest Criminal Law Research - 2021" have become the traditional venue for discussions on topical issues of Ukrainian criminal law. The general purpose of this survey study is to conduct an analysis of thematic publications, which includes: a) the topic under study; c) the relevance of its consideration, taking into account modern needs; c) contribution to the development of criminal law science; e) sources used and links to scientific publications. From a methodological point of view, this study is close to hermeneutics, obtained as a result of deep understanding and interpretation of 10 scientific articles. Among the most significant conclusions, it stands out that the core of modern criminal law is a person to whom this place has been replaced by the state. In addition, the studies of Ukrainian scientists are consonant with the current problems and trends of the world criminal law science, which cannot but affect the formation of modern Ukrainian criminal law. ; В статье произведен обзорный анализ отдельных научных публикаций, размещенных в изданном в 2021 году сборнике научных трудов «Новейшие уголовно-правовые исследования – 2021», которые были подготовлены в связи с формированием и дальнейшим обсуждением проекта Уголовного кодекса Украины. Исследователями поднимается широкий спектр вопросов, связанных как с формированием фундаментальных основ нового по содержанию и форме уголовного закона, так и отдельных его институтов с целью поиска эффективных форм и мер противодействия вызовам, которые появились в условиях широкой криминализации различных сфер человеческого бытия. ; Здійснено оглядовий аналіз окремих наукових публікацій, розміщених у виданому в 2021 році збірнику наукових праць «Новітні кримінально-правові дослідження – 2021», які були підготовлені у зв'язку з формуванням та подальшим обговоренням проєкту Кримінального кодексу України. Дослідниками піднімається широкий спектр питань, пов'язаних як з формуванням базових засад нового за змістом та формою кримінального закону, так і окремих його інститутів з метою пошуку ефективних форм та заходів протидії викликам, що з'явилися в процесі широкої криміналізації різних сфер людського буття.

The use of a reproduced work is a criminally legal act if it is used by a reproducer of such work within a specific group of individuals. However, the use of the same reproduction is criminally prohibited if it is used collectively, and if it violates the normal exploitation of the original work or harms authors’ legitimate interest. Thus, the protection of interest of the authors requires that reproduction of some works is prohibited, in whole or in part, for the private use under some certain controls.

Like hard cases, festering scandals make bad law. As public perceptions shift so that conduct once tolerated becomes seen as illicit, political pressures develop that can result in hastily improvised responses by the legal system to fill the newly perceived vacuum. This generalization is advanced to question neither the inalienable right of the public to be scandalized, nor the need for corporate reform, but to approach a highly problematic dilemma: hurried, moralistic responses to a perceived evil often prove not only ineffective, but even counterproductive. The serious student of complex organizations may recognize this assertion as a slightly altered variant of Forrester's Law. That law, coined by a student of organizational behavior, says simply that complex systems behave counter-intuitively; the plausible tends to be wrong.

Die vorliegende Dissertation ist die erste weiterer vergebener Dissertationen mit gleichen Themen, aber jeweils anderen Staaten, die im Rahmen eines größeren Forschungsprojekts des Instituts für Internationale Politik, Sicherheitspolitik, Wehr- und Völkerrecht der Universität der Bundeswehr München von dessen Leiter, Univ.- Prof. Dr. iur. utr. Armin A. Steinkamm, vergeben worden sind. Hintergrund des Forschungsprojekts sind die Bemühungen, Probleme in der Zusammenarbeit multinationaler Verbände im Rahmen der NATO beziehungsweise (insbesondere künftig) der WEU/EU, aber auch im Rahmen internationaler Einsätze unter dem Mandat der UN, OSZE u.a. zu reduzieren. Letztlich geht es langfristig um eine Harmonisierung der Wehrrechtssysteme, insbesondere in den EU- und NATO-Staaten. Mit Blick auf diese Intentionen werden die Wehrrechtssysteme Österreichs und Deutschlands vergleichend gegenübergestellt. Unter Berücksichtigung der jeweiligen historischen, politischen sowie staats- und verfassungsrechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen untersucht die Arbeit die wesentlichen Rechtsvorschriften beider Länder, die die Einordnung der Streitkräfte in die staatliche Ordnung und die Stellung der Soldaten in und zu den Streitkräften regeln. Schwerpunktmäßig wird auf die Aufgaben der Streitkräfte, die Rechte und Pflichten der Soldaten, das Befehlsrecht und die Grenzen der Gehorsamspflicht, die Sanktionsmöglichkeiten des Staates gegen soldatische Normverstöße sowie die soldatischen Rechtsschutzmöglichkeiten eingegangen. ; The present dissertation is the first of several dissertations - dealing with the same subject but focussing on different states - which were assigned by Univ.-Prof. Dr. iur. utr. Armin A. Steinkamm, Director of the Institute for International Politics, Security Policy, Military Law and International Law at the Bundeswehr University in Munich, as part of a major research project at the Institute. The research project is being conducted against a background of efforts to reduce problems in the cooperation between multinational units operating within NATO and (particularly in future) the WEU/EU, and also within the framework of international military operations under the mandate of the UN, OSCE, etc. The long-term objective is to harmonise the systems of military law, particularly those of the EU and NATO states. With these intentions in mind, a comparison is made between the systems of military law in Austria and Germany. Taking the two countries respective historical, political and constitutional conditions into account, the paper examines the most important legal stipulations governing the integration of the armed forces into the state order in both countries, together with the position of the servicemen within, and in relation to, their respective armed forces. The paper places particular emphasis on the tasks of the armed forces, the rights and duties of the servicemen, the right to issue orders, the limits to the duty of obedience, the scope for state sanctions against violations of rules by servicemen and the possibility of legal protection for those servicemen.