Suchergebnisse

"'Les enseignements de la pandémie de Covid-19 au révélateur de sa science anthropologique, mais aussi de ses convictions et de ses engagements d'Homme : voilà les trésors que partage Pascal Picq dans ce dense dialogue, qui met comme jamais en lumière les attributs de 'l'évolution' : plus que jamais, en effet, à l'épreuve de l'événement sanitaire, économique, social, (géo)politique, entrepreneurial, qui frappe la planète, n'est-il pas capital de se placer en situation, en condition, en volonté de s'adapter? Jamais autant qu'aujourd'hui n'a été espérée une "société évolutionnaire", jamais autant qu'aujourd'hui n'est apparue aussi cardinale la conscience que chaque décision, chaque acte accompli maintenant détermine le 'jeu des possibles" des générations futures. Oui, il s'agit bien de s'adapter. Ou de prendre le risque de disparaître.' Denis Lafay."--Page 4 of cover

International audience ; La possession d'une langue commune et unique est considérée comme la condition principale de formation et de consolidation d'une nation. En Ukraine, jusqu'à récemment, la conscience nationale s'appuyait essentiellement sur la conscience linguistique et culturelle de la nation. Les événements des années 2013 et 2014 ont renforcé et mis en avant la conscience politique des Ukrainiens qui sont désormais obligés de se battre pour l'indépendance et l'intégrité territoriale de leur pays. L'article retrace brièvement l'histoire de la formation et de l'évolution de l'ukrainien et de son interaction avec le russe dès son origine jusqu'à aujourd'hui. Il décrit le rôle de la langue dans le conflit actuel entre la Russie et l'Ukraine.

International audience ; La possession d'une langue commune et unique est considérée comme la condition principale de formation et de consolidation d'une nation. En Ukraine, jusqu'à récemment, la conscience nationale s'appuyait essentiellement sur la conscience linguistique et culturelle de la nation. Les événements des années 2013 et 2014 ont renforcé et mis en avant la conscience politique des Ukrainiens qui sont désormais obligés de se battre pour l'indépendance et l'intégrité territoriale de leur pays. L'article retrace brièvement l'histoire de la formation et de l'évolution de l'ukrainien et de son interaction avec le russe dès son origine jusqu'à aujourd'hui. Il décrit le rôle de la langue dans le conflit actuel entre la Russie et l'Ukraine.

International audience ; La possession d'une langue commune et unique est considérée comme la condition principale de formation et de consolidation d'une nation. En Ukraine, jusqu'à récemment, la conscience nationale s'appuyait essentiellement sur la conscience linguistique et culturelle de la nation. Les événements des années 2013 et 2014 ont renforcé et mis en avant la conscience politique des Ukrainiens qui sont désormais obligés de se battre pour l'indépendance et l'intégrité territoriale de leur pays. L'article retrace brièvement l'histoire de la formation et de l'évolution de l'ukrainien et de son interaction avec le russe dès son origine jusqu'à aujourd'hui. Il décrit le rôle de la langue dans le conflit actuel entre la Russie et l'Ukraine.

Background: This study investigated variations in psychological distress in a large sample of the Canadian population according to employment status, occupation, work organization conditions, reasons for non-employment, stress and support outside the work environment, family situation and individual characteristics. Methods: Data came from cycle 4 (2000–1) of the Canadian National Population Health Survey conducted by Statistics Canada. Multiple regression analyses, adjusted for the family situation, the level of support from the social network and the individual characteristics, were carried out on a sample of 7258 individuals aged from 18 to 65 years. Results: Occupation, social support at work, age, self-esteem, presence of children aged five and under and social support outside of the workplace were associated with lower levels of psychological distress, while permanent and temporary disability, psychological demands in the workplace, job insecurity, female gender, and stressful financial, marital and parental situations were related to higher levels of psychological distress. Conclusions: Findings from this study suggest that, in terms of psychological distress, having a job is not always better than non-employment, and that specific non-employment situations associate differently with psychological distress.

Determinants of emergency room visits for psychological reasons were studied pro spectively for a four month period in an Indian General Hospital. Psychiatric emergen cies constituted only 2% of all emergency visits. Most of the patients were new except for 7.4% who were already registered with the outpatient services of the psychiatry department. Males outnumbered females in a ratio of 2:1. Self-referrals constituted 77% of the samples; 21 % of patients were brought by police. Two-thirds of the patients were brought owing to the severity of their clinical condition and the rest, one-third, for medico-legal and social reasons. Approximately 80% of the patients sought con sultation within one month of the onset of illness episode. First episode of mental illness was within last one year of the emergency room visit in 60% patients. Past history of hospitalization for mental illness was obtained only in 10% of cases. The pattern suggested that there was no misuse of emergency services by psychiatric patients although 20% of the patients presented with social problems only which required social rather than psychiatric intervention.

La lutte pour la terre : voilà l'une des questions centrales du conflit en Colombie. Cette étude porte sur la logique et les actions des acteurs sociaux et armés dans cette lutte, et explore les conditions essentielles à la construction de la paix. Ce livre retrace l'évolution du mouvement agraire depuis les années 1970 en dégageant quatre phases ou dynamiques distinctes : autogestion, réclamation, résistance et autodétermination. Dans la première, les paysans luttent principalement pour la terre à travers la colonisation des terres publiques et l'occupation des terres de grands propriétaires. Dans la deuxième, ils se mobilisent pour revendiquer des investissements publics dans la vie et la production agricole. La troisième phase de la lutte paysanne correspond à la résistance juridique et aux déplacements intraterritoriaux devant la violence paramilitaire. Finalement, la quatrième phase correspond à la lutte actuelle contre l'extractivisme et pour l'autonomie territoriale. L'étude se base principalement sur l'histoire de l'Association nationale des paysans de la Colombie (ANUC), fondée en 1967, de la Fédération des paysans et des mineurs artisanaux du sud de Bolivar (FEDEAGROMISBOL), fondée en 1985, et de la Coordination nationale agraire (CNA), fondée en 1997. Ces organisations regroupent des paysans, petits et moyens propriétaires, dont la propriété n'est pas complètement légalisée et qui exploitent la terre dans des conditions précaires. Publié en français ; The book traces the agrarian movement's evolution from the 1970s through four distinctive phases or dynamics: self-management, reclamation, resistance and self-determination. In the first, peasants fight predominantly for the land through colonization of public lands and occupation of land belonging to major property owners. In the second phase, peasants mobilize to claim public investment in agricultural life and production. The third phase of the peasant struggle is legal resistance and intra-territorial movements due to paramilitary violence. The last one corresponds to the current fight against extractivism and towards territorial autonomy. The study is based principally on the histories of the National Peasant Association (ANUC), established in 1967, of the Southern Bolivar Agricultural–Mining Federation (FEDEAGROMISBOL), established in 1985, and of the National Agrarian Coordination (NAC), established in 1997. These organizations include peasants, who are small and medium owners whose properties are not fully legalized while they farm the land in precarious conditions. Published in French.

Within an exemplary case of one familiy this study investigates how cultural values and biographical orientations are transmitted from one generation to another. Therefore the phenomenon of social heritage is the main topic of this research: Social inheritance implies the transmission, the adoption and the transformation of non-material goods in the family process. In which Ways are women and men influenced in developing their individual biographies by cultural meanings, orientations and values passed on in the family? The study presents the processes of passing on family traditions in the greater context of historical and social change in this century. It is this frame of conditions which convert social inheritances into a complex phenomenon with ambivalent and contradictional character. By embedding the analysis of the single case in the historical reality of social change the theoretical argument of the study gets in touch with the issue of social modernization which ist broadly discussed in the social sciences. It is one argument in this discussion, if we look at the concept of "Individualisierung" (U. Beek) and the concept o post-traditional ism (A. Giddens), that the dynamics of change diminishes the social meaning of family origin and traditional environment. The research on a single case, which is here presented, tries to get a look on the inner side of the social reality which ist usually described only in reference to macrosociological concepts and wants to proof the validity of these concepts from the perspective in detail. The case study reaches two main conclusions: In the first place we can say that social movements foster a reflexive transformation process by which a young generation changes traditions inherited by their parents along their own Conditions of living and biographical aspirations. The middle generation of the family, which is the case in this study, is born around 1948 and is engaged within the social movements of 1968. Out of this historical experience this generation is acting in a sense of critical re-interpretation of family tradition and at the same time is keeping a sense of historicity in this process. It does not feel as a victim of social change but as its actor. In the second place we can say that the significance of family traditions increases in the same way as the cultural systems of meaning and traditions become more pluralistic. This thesis comprehends the type of social inheritance which gets shape within the young generation of the family, born around 1972. For this generation the specific life models of the parents gain biographical importance because they function as a bridge of mediation to cultural worlds of meaning which have become more and more reflexive and confusing. This generation has to stand on its own in its attempts to transform the social inheritance and it lives in a feeling of being driven by the power of social change. There ist also a methodological purpose connected with this study. New impulses should be given to the case study as a specific design of interpretative research. To do this different concepts, which are accepted and proved in other disciplines of social sciences, are bound together with empirical thought in sociology: the concept of thick description transfered from cultural anthropology and the concept of "szenisches Verstehen " transfered from psychoanalysis. This methodological argumentations are outlined in detail in specific sections before the discussion turns to the phenomenon of social heritage under the conditions of social change

Partant d'une description de la construction socio-administrative de la notion "d'usager" dans un service public particulier, celui de l'Education Nationale depuis les années 1980, nous nous proposons d'en analyser le processus de politisation durant la période mouvementée du ministère Allègre (juin 1997-mars 2000). Nous reprenons pour cela la définition de J.Lagroye (2003) : la conversion en usage de type politique désigne à la fois la qualification de principes qui orientent l'action, et l'application de stratégies d'occupation rhétorique de l'espace public, avec l'objectif de conquérir l'opinion publique. Comment expliquer les conditions générales dans lesquelles, dans cette période précise, la distinction entre certaines activités sociales n'est plus de mise, au point de ne plus permettre de tenir le politique en lisière du pédagogique ? Et l'ambivalence de la "référence à l'usager" ne nécessite-t-elle pas de distinguer différents registres de politisation, qu'une des particularités du "ministère Allègre" va consister à réunir ?

Partant d'une description de la construction socio-administrative de la notion "d'usager" dans un service public particulier, celui de l'Education Nationale depuis les années 1980, nous nous proposons d'en analyser le processus de politisation durant la période mouvementée du ministère Allègre (juin 1997-mars 2000). Nous reprenons pour cela la définition de J.Lagroye (2003) : la conversion en usage de type politique désigne à la fois la qualification de principes qui orientent l'action, et l'application de stratégies d'occupation rhétorique de l'espace public, avec l'objectif de conquérir l'opinion publique. Comment expliquer les conditions générales dans lesquelles, dans cette période précise, la distinction entre certaines activités sociales n'est plus de mise, au point de ne plus permettre de tenir le politique en lisière du pédagogique ? Et l'ambivalence de la "référence à l'usager" ne nécessite-t-elle pas de distinguer différents registres de politisation, qu'une des particularités du "ministère Allègre" va consister à réunir ?

Partant d'une description de la construction socio-administrative de la notion "d'usager" dans un service public particulier, celui de l'Education Nationale depuis les années 1980, nous nous proposons d'en analyser le processus de politisation durant la période mouvementée du ministère Allègre (juin 1997-mars 2000). Nous reprenons pour cela la définition de J.Lagroye (2003) : la conversion en usage de type politique désigne à la fois la qualification de principes qui orientent l'action, et l'application de stratégies d'occupation rhétorique de l'espace public, avec l'objectif de conquérir l'opinion publique. Comment expliquer les conditions générales dans lesquelles, dans cette période précise, la distinction entre certaines activités sociales n'est plus de mise, au point de ne plus permettre de tenir le politique en lisière du pédagogique ? Et l'ambivalence de la "référence à l'usager" ne nécessite-t-elle pas de distinguer différents registres de politisation, qu'une des particularités du "ministère Allègre" va consister à réunir ?

The region East Asia here encompasses China, Korea & Japan. Looking at these 3 countries in terms of the formation of a distinctive politico-cultural unit, the early formation & continuous development of such units by all 3 is pointed out. The history of pol'al unification in all 3 countries is described. The impact of the West in the 19th cent & the necessity of modernization made it impossible for the traditional system to survive in any of the countries of South Asia. Looking at the diff routes followed by these 3 countries, the fact is stressed that a long, historical existence of cultural & pol'al unity per se was not a sufficient condition for building & developing a nation or state capable of surviving & developing in the modern world. The following questions are raised & discussed. What were the factors that made it possible to build a viable nation in Meiji Japan, & what were the factors that hindered the same development in China & Korea? It is shown that on the one hand, some regarded Japan as a model of development for China & Korea, but on the other Japan's annexation of Korea, possession of Taiwan, & invasion of Manchuria undeniably showed that Japan was the direct enemy of the independence & pol'al unity of China & Korea. The consequences of unbalanced pol'al development in the region are analyzed. The question asked & answered is: What were the conditions necessary for building a viable nation or State which could coexist with the other nations in the modern world? Special attention is given to the nature of Meiji nation-building, the nature of Meiji nat'lism, & the ultra-nat'lism of the Imperial State during WWII. It is concluded that the East Asian cases give us an example of unbalanced development among neighboring units within a region. Attention must be given to this sort of pol'al dynamics within a region & between neighboring units, & its causes & consequences assessed. It is concluded that there is grave danger in making too great a use of the traditional soc structure & ancient myths in modern nation-building, & that nat'lism or nat'l consciousness should be combined with some elements of internat'lism or belief in the existence of an internat'l community. E. Weiman.

The structural changes affecting the means of production of collective & state farms in the USSR & the increasing impact of sci on production itself are discussed. This rapid movement of change impinges on such aspects of Ru life as the fam, personal relations, & human psychol. The following main changes affecting the pattern of life on the collective farm are described: (a) the industr'ization of agri; (b) structural change in farming communities; (c) the new type of agri'al worker, produced by mechanization. Mechanization & electrification are not in themselves sufficient to revolutionize agri; chemicals also contribute considerably. Mineral fertilizers need certain machinery; fertilizers have given a strong boost to agri'al aviation. Electrification calls for a diff type of tractor. All 3 together impose their own sci'fic & technological pattern within agriculture which leads directly to a reduction in the total/sum N of agri'al workers, the smoothing out of the irregular seasonal nature of farm work, more training for agri'al employees, disappearance of the distinction between industr & agri'al employment, & the rise of new towns, combining the advantages of city & villages. The rationalization of technical & admin'ive procedures also exerts an increasing direct influence on agri'al production through more effective use of labor, improved working conditions, & increased productivity. In terms of structural change, the difficulties of reconciling optimum technological size of team with psychol'al optimum size are outlined. The collective & state farms are trying hard to find new forms of labor org & remuneration which will reduce the lack of feeling of personal responsibility re land use, & to find the ideal form for agri'al teams. Another impact on the structure of collective farms & on the farmers' way of life & mentality has come from the democratization of farm manag. It is stated that agri'al experts must play a more active part in manag. Res demonstrates the increasing divisions & specialization of labor in Russian agri. Ru/Ur migration is high, esp among young people, due to the fact that the countryside still lags far behind in conditions of work & everyday life. Young country people have become better trained & educated than is demanded by the local level of industr'ization. Moreover, the worker's psychol is not yet on a par with econ & technical progress in farming. M. Maxfield.

Transmigration is one form of a solution between the interests of society and the interests of the government. Efforts to level the population as well as the goal of controlling population explosions and poverty are part of government plans. Bali is one of the island's high numbers of inhabitants until they are also the target of the transmigration program. This study aims to find in depth the arrival of ethnic Balinese in Lampung, their ability to adapt and transformation relationships that occur in their kinship system. The results of this study were 1) The arrival of the Balinese ethnicity in Seputih Mataram in 1953-1969 through a series of long process. Starting from the preparation stage undertaken with certain conditions to the role of government in its implementation. Transmigration is considered as the community's need and the interests of the government in realizing social stability, 2) Adaptation of Balinese ethnicity in Seputih Mataram through a long series. Differences in natural conditions become obstacles are still found many wild animals not to mention they have to open land which at that time still like forest because there are still many big trees there. But that is not a barrier until finally they are able to create a new life pattern with a structured village, 3) Relation and social transformation of ethnic Balinese in Seputih Mataram, in this case a slight change. Although normatively they understand the concept of caste, but in reality caste is not an obstacle in interacting though there is still a high caste. The Balinese of Bali in Seputih Mataram are more flexible and open in accepting change.