Suchergebnisse

Автором в статье сформулированы системообразующие признаки преступлений на потребительском рынке, выделены отдельные группы данных преступлений. Был проведен анализ изменений и дополнений, внесенных в нормативные правовые акты, в частности в Федеральный закон от 7 апреля 2010 г. № 60-ФЗ, Уголовный кодекс РФ, Уголовно-процессуальный кодекс РФ. Также автором проанализирована проводимая на потребительском рынке уголовно-правовая политика, рассмотрены основные тенденции ее развития, выдвинута идея разработки единой концепции. Автор обратил внимание на либерализацию Уголовного закона России и высказал свое мнение по данному вопросу. Вывод, сделанный автором статьи: необходимо создать единый комплексный нормативный акт, отражающий концепцию уголовного права, основы уголовной политики в стране; также, по мнению автора, необходимо разработать новый Уголовный кодекс РФ (а не вносить изменения и дополнения в действующий УК РФ). ; The author of the article stated backbone features of crimes in the consumer market, highlighted some of these crimes. Was verified den analysis of changes and amendments to the regulations, in particular the Federal Law of April 7, 2010 № 60-FZ of the Penal Code, Criminal Procedure Code. The author also analyzed carried out of consumer market of criminal policy, the main trends of its development, put forward the idea of developing a single concept. The author drew attention to the liberalization of criminal law in Russia and expressed his opinion on the The conclusion drawn by the author of the article: you need to create a single comprehensive piece of legislation which reflect the concept of criminal law, criminal policy framework in the country, as the author's opinion, it is necessary to develop a new Criminal Code (and not to make changes and additions to the existing Criminal Code).

В статье представлены результаты исследований автора по обоснованию педагогических условий, необходимых для улучшения качества процесса физической подготовки с ангольскими военнослужащими. Автором был проведен опрос опытных специалистов в сфере физической подготовки и спорта армии Анголы. В результате этого опроса, были установлены педагогические условия, которые легли в основу обоснования новой модели организации и проведения физической подготовки в армии Анголы с военно-прикладной направленностью. Автор отмечает необходимость широкого внедрения в практику войск военно-прикладных упражнений и состязаний по ним, позволяющих в наибольшей мере создавать обстановку, которая требует от воинов максимального напряжения сил и полного использования боевых возможностей оружия и техники. В ходе исследования автором экспериментально подтверждена высокая эффективность разработанной модели управления физической подготовкой в армии Анголы. ; The article presents the results of researches of the author on substantiation of the pedagogical conditions necessary for improvement of quality of process of physical preparation for the Angola military men. The author conducted the poll of skilled experts in sphere of physical preparation and sports of army of Angola. As a result of this poll, pedagogical conditions have been established and put as basis of substantiation of new model of the organization and carrying out the physical preparation in army of Angola with military-applied orientation. The author marks necessity in wide introduction in practice of armies of military-applied exercises and competitions in them, allowing to the greatest extend to create conditions, which demand from soldiers the maximum pressure of forces and full use of fighting possibilities of the weapon and techniques. During research, the author proved high efficiency of the developed model of management of physical preparation in army of Angola.

This article highlights the positive impact that local governments have exerted on the rural development in Poland. At first, the author presents the basic features of Polish rural areas and examines what rural development means to Polish policy makers. Furthermore, the author concludes that the main ideas which lie at the core of rural development are sustainability, multi functionality and competitiveness. One of the main foundations is also the grassroots approach which involves local community in the development process – the method that is used by many nonprofit or nongovernmental organizations to energize rural areas. Thanks to this strategy their role is still increasing. However, the author gives strong arguments to support the idea that the role of local governments is also crucial in stimulating development, and that this role should be referred to more often. In Poland after '89, thanks to the changes in the law, local governments have the real possibility to run, support or effectively engage in rural development. Moreover, their workings, as often as not, are the major impulse for positive action taken in rural areas. The author examines this on the basis of the LEADER Programme and Polish Solectwo (the basic level of the Polish local government system). This article also provides examples of the best practices (from 4 municipalities: Limanowa, Baltowa, Bodzechowa, Maslowa) focusing on the successful initiatives implemented by the local governments. The examples show that, in spite of their weakness, local governments could play an important part in rural development. They make the inhabitants aware of the fact that they are indispensable for everyday life and economic growth to the same extent as NGO's and private enterprises.

Раздел "Международное право" — рубрика "Права человека" ; Статья посвящена наиболее сложным вопросам реализации прав и обязанностей публично-правового характера лицами с множественным гражданством, в том числе в сферах избирательного права, дипломатической и консульской защиты, налогообложения, военной службы. Автором предлагаются меры по совершенствованию регулирования данных отношений в законодательстве Республики Беларусь. В частности, автор предлагает отказаться от принципов равенства и эффективного гражданства с выработкой новых правил в этой сфере. По мнению автора, базовым должен стать принцип добровольного выбора гражданином государства, права и обязанности гражданства которого станут доминирующими при реализации его прав и обязанностей при конфликте законов о гражданстве. При этом автор предлагает развитие и кодификацию норм о правах и обязанностях лиц с множественным гражданством в условиях формирования права на множественное гражданство. = The article is devoted to the most difficult questions of realisation of public rights and duties of multiple nationals, including those in election law, diplomatic or consular protection, taxation, military legislation. The author recommends some measures for improving the above-mentioned relations in the legislation of the Republic of Belarus. In particular, the author proposes to abandon the principles of equality and effective nationality and to formulate new rules in this field. According to the author there should be the basic principle of citizens' voluntary choice of the state, the rights and duties of citizenship of which will become dominant in the realisation of their rights and responsibilities in case of a conflict of nationality laws. The author proposes the development and codification of the rights and obligations of multiple nationals within the formation of the right to multiple nationality.

This article highlights the positive impact that local governments have exerted on the rural development in Poland. At first, the author presents the basic features of Polish rural areas and examines what rural development means to Polish policy makers. Furthermore, the author concludes that the main ideas which lie at the core of rural development are sustainability, multi functionality and competitiveness. One of the main foundations is also the grassroots approach which involves local community in the development process – the method that is used by many nonprofit or nongovernmental organizations to energize rural areas. Thanks to this strategy their role is still increasing. However, the author gives strong arguments to support the idea that the role of local governments is also crucial in stimulating development, and that this role should be referred to more often. In Poland after '89, thanks to the changes in the law, local governments have the real possibility to run, support or effectively engage in rural development. Moreover, their workings, as often as not, are the major impulse for positive action taken in rural areas. The author examines this on the basis of the LEADER Programme and Polish Solectwo (the basic level of the Polish local government system). This article also provides examples of the best practices (from 4 municipalities: Limanowa, Baltowa, Bodzechowa, Maslowa) focusing on the successful initiatives implemented by the local governments. The examples show that, in spite of their weakness, local governments could play an important part in rural development. They make the inhabitants aware of the fact that they are indispensable for everyday life and economic growth to the same extent as NGO's and private enterprises.

This article highlights the positive impact that local governments have exerted on the rural development in Poland. At first, the author presents the basic features of Polish rural areas and examines what rural development means to Polish policy makers. Furthermore, the author concludes that the main ideas which lie at the core of rural development are sustainability, multi functionality and competitiveness. One of the main foundations is also the grassroots approach which involves local community in the development process – the method that is used by many nonprofit or nongovernmental organizations to energize rural areas. Thanks to this strategy their role is still increasing. However, the author gives strong arguments to support the idea that the role of local governments is also crucial in stimulating development, and that this role should be referred to more often. In Poland after '89, thanks to the changes in the law, local governments have the real possibility to run, support or effectively engage in rural development. Moreover, their workings, as often as not, are the major impulse for positive action taken in rural areas. The author examines this on the basis of the LEADER Programme and Polish Solectwo (the basic level of the Polish local government system). This article also provides examples of the best practices (from 4 municipalities: Limanowa, Baltowa, Bodzechowa, Maslowa) focusing on the successful initiatives implemented by the local governments. The examples show that, in spite of their weakness, local governments could play an important part in rural development. They make the inhabitants aware of the fact that they are indispensable for everyday life and economic growth to the same extent as NGO's and private enterprises.

The text deals with question of European state formation in research of contemporary British sociologist Perry Anderson . Its first intention focus on how modern European medieval and absolutistic states emerged. The article consists from four main parts: (1) Introduction to theory of state-formation. (2) Analysis of structural and analytical connections between state and society in author´s treatise. (3) Third main part deals with analysis of course of European state-building. On this problem we apply specific analytical model, which distinguish causes, components, progression, and impacts on state formation processes. In this case, author analyzes mechanisms of state building in feudal period 9–15th century and period of absolutistic states (16--19th century). (4) Last part is focuses on conclusion of our findings, especially on drawings specific conceptual model of this process. ; The text deals with question of European state formation in research of contemporary British sociologist Perry Anderson . Its first intention focus on how modern European medieval and absolutistic states emerged. The article consists from four main parts: (1) Introduction to theory of state-formation. (2) Analysis of structural and analytical connections between state and society in author´s treatise. (3) Third main part deals with analysis of course of European state-building. On this problem we apply specific analytical model, which distinguish causes, components, progression, and impacts on state formation processes. In this case, author analyzes mechanisms of state building in feudal period 9–15th century and period of absolutistic states (16--19th century). (4) Last part is focuses on conclusion of our findings, especially on drawings specific conceptual model of this process.

На основе анализа литературы и проведенного автором эмпирического исследования формулируется самостоятельное понятие уголовно-правового воздействия на преступность, а также определяется содержание данной категории. ; In the article the author gives an independent concept of legal influence on the basis of the analysis of legal literature and his own research. The author's definition essentially differs from the traditional position. The author proves the idea according to which the influence on crime by legal means today is of developing, not real character. It is caused by the imperfection of criminal legislation, as a result of which the formally existing means of influence are not practically applied. The judgment of a law enforcer is also important, for means of influence in practical activities can be used subjectively according to one's own vision of situation, vital circumstances, etc. All this allowed the author to draw a conclusion that the state, carrying out the key role in the mechanism of legal influence on crime, is not the only regulator of public relations developing in connection with crime committing. Practical bodies, whose activity influences on application or non-application of a legal norm, on the intensity of the influence during practical realization of the same positions of law in different conditions, are of great importance, too. Thus, legal influence, in the opinion of the author, is not only special activity of the state on regulation of public relations arising in occasion of commitment of crimes, but also actual activity of law enforcement bodies on application of the means of crime counteraction formulated at the state level.

The article examines the international, multi-, and uni-lateral utilization of sanctions since the 1990s to the present day. The author provides a background history re diplomatic, political, and economic sanctions, granting the mechanism through the provision as stated under Article 39 of the UN Charter; citing examples placed upon Iran, Iraq, South Africa, Angola, and the Taliban and other terrorist organizations. However, in most cases, as the author contends these measures provide economic hardship in general, but usually do not attain the main goal. Yet, the article also cites instance where many international organizations, and nations, place sanctions, such as the UN based measures on South Africa re Apartheid, and Angola for blood diamonds. Though, those placed on Haiti and Iraq (i.e. food for oil program) came under much criticism by the international community. The article also discovered that through a series of government sponsored studies, such as the 'Interlaken process', 'Bonn-Berne process' and through those convened through Sweden (2003), they strengthening the process of sanctioning a nation and or a large political entity or organization. After 9/11 the international community, the UN, Interpol, and other parties have been working together to create, implement, and enforce sanction policies to curb and arrest terrorist and international criminal activities, as the author reports the process has been daunting, but fierce. Many innocents also seem to be caught in these windfalls, whereby the e author opines and argues that diplomacy and inducement may be better suited to produce desired result, rather than sanctions. Adapted from the source document.

The article is devoted to the problem of liquidation of a farm. In accordance with Article 21 of the Russian Federation law «On a farm» the causes for liquidation of a farm are the following: unanimous decision of its participants, absence of the participants or their legal successors willing to manage a farm, and farm bankruptcy. The author of the article bases his analysis on the current legislation and judiciary law and studies the procedure and consequences of liquidation of a farm from the point of view of discharging its obligations. The norms of the Russian legislation concerning liquidation of a farm are compared to corresponding legal regulations in the CIS countries. The results of the study allow the author to make some suggestions for improvement of the existing legislation ; The article is devoted to the problem of liquidation of a farm. In accordance with Article 21 of the Russian Federation law «On a farm» the causes for liquidation of a farm are the following: unanimous decision of its participants, absence of the participants or their legal successors willing to manage a farm, and farm bankruptcy. The author of the article bases his analysis on the current legislation and judiciary law and studies the procedure and consequences of liquidation of a farm from the point of view of discharging its obligations. The norms of the Russian legislation concerning liquidation of a farm are compared to corresponding legal regulations in the CIS countries. The results of the study allow the author to make some suggestions for improvement of the existing legislation

The author affirms that the phenomena of history are always interpreted in the perspective of our future objectives. So, it is stated that the interpretation of nation's history is the recollection of our future. Projection of the future grants us both creative dynamism (picturesqueness), and possibility of death (existential departure). According to another thesis, creating and existence form two planes of human reality, which create a living environment interacting between each other. The author affirms that this environment is the background of becoming of both individual and the nation, and it changes together with the phenomena emerging in it. According to the third thesis, existential participant's space and time of existential participant ‐ individual or nation ‐ interact as his spiritual environment's components of his becoming. The author follows individual's and nation's analogy, which means rather interaction when creating a living environment than similarity. Additionally, analogy includes aesthetic (sensual) aspect, which appears when talking about existential creativity. So, it is stated, that openness and incompleteness of existence is being supposed by the representation of our bodily (sensual) ending, in other words, by aesthetic tragedy. According to the author, the small individual circle and the big one of a nation are coupled by aesthetic tragedy. According to the fourth thesis, the being of a nation becomes meaningful when a nation becomes a hero in the face of its death. The conceptions of M. Heidegger (being towards death), M. Bachtin (hero, polyphonic interaction), E. Husserl (spiritual environment, phenomenon), Aristotle (dynamism, formation) and Plato (analogy, participation) are used in the research.

Автор статьи обращается к проблеме, имеющей многоаспектную природу. С одной стороны, она имеет политический характер, поскольку непосредственно связана с темой выбора и самоопределения в поиске эффективной и оптимальной модели национальной политики. Во-вторых, проблема социальных ролей журналиста рассматривается автором в связи с мотивационной структурой профессиональной журналистской деятельности. Третий аспект социально-ролевого подхода состоит в его антропологическом значении, в анализе оснований существования современного человека в мире интенсивных коммуникаций. Институциональные и функциональные особенности журналистики при таком рассмотрении оказываются подчиненными человеческому фактору, обуславливаются им. Поэтому автор статьи обоснованно обращается к институциональным особенностям функционирования журналистики в различных «режимах» профессиональной деятельности от отражения ситуации взаимодействия до прямого соучастия в ней ; The author of the article touches upon a multifaceted problem. Firstly, it has a political character, as it is directly related to the problem of choice and self-definition in the search of effective and optimal model of national politics. Secondly, the problem of journalist's social roles is analyzed by the author in connection with the motivational system of the journalistic professional activity. Thirdly, use of a social role-playing conception leads to anthropological conclusion about the basics of modern human existence in the world of intensive communications. Institutional and functional characteristics of journalism depend on and are determined by human factor. That's why the author researches journalist functioning characteristics in different modes of professional activity from reflection of interaction situation to direct participation in it. The author suggests a new interpretation of the journalist role-playing. He uses sociological understanding of the status and role formed in the frames of functional theoretical conception adding ideological component.

The author examines the energy context of the simmering Baloch separatist insurgency that has surfaced in recent years in Pakistan's sprawling Balochistan province. In particular, he looks at how Pakistan's mounting energy insecurity--a product of rapid increase in demand coupled with rising scarcity and the region's intensified energy rivalry--has both magnified the economic and strategic importance of this province while at the same time complicating Pakistan's efforts to cope with the province's resurgent tribal separatism. The author concludes that Pakistan's government needs to overhaul its counterinsurgent policies to avoid protracted conflict and to enlist the Baloch as partners in energy development, not antagonists of it. ; "April 2008." ; Includes bibliographical references (p. 44-55) ; Introduction -- Energy geopolitics I: Balochstan's energy resources -- Energy geopolitics II: natural gas pipelines -- Energy geopolitics III: Gwadar and the Central Asia transport corridor -- Baloch nationalism: aims and potential -- Pakistan's response to Baloch nationalism -- Conclusion. ; The author examines the energy context of the simmering Baloch separatist insurgency that has surfaced in recent years in Pakistan's sprawling Balochistan province. In particular, he looks at how Pakistan's mounting energy insecurity--a product of rapid increase in demand coupled with rising scarcity and the region's intensified energy rivalry--has both magnified the economic and strategic importance of this province while at the same time complicating Pakistan's efforts to cope with the province's resurgent tribal separatism. The author concludes that Pakistan's government needs to overhaul its counterinsurgent policies to avoid protracted conflict and to enlist the Baloch as partners in energy development, not antagonists of it. ; Mode of access: Internet.