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Preliminary Material /Steven E. Sidebotham -- Introduction /Steven E. Sidebotham -- Erythraean Sea Trade: Wares, Type, Cost and Volume /Steven E. Sidebotham -- Facilitating the Commerce: Roads, Ports and Canals for the Expanding Roman Trade /Steven E. Sidebotham -- Regulations, Traders and Taxes /Steven E. Sidebotham -- The Genesis and Evolution of Roman Policy in the Erythraean sea /Steven E. Sidebotham -- Conclusion /Steven E. Sidebotham -- The Terms \'Erythra Thalassa\' and \'Rubrum Mare\' /Steven E. Sidebotham -- The Date of the Periplus Maris Erythraei /Steven E. Sidebotham -- Bibliography /Steven E. Sidebotham -- Index /Steven E. Sidebotham.

This article examines some theoretical approaches in support of industrial policy in Brazil, with special emphasis on the neo-Schumpeterian/evolutionary approach. This approach is applied to the analysis of some satisfactory experiences in the field of industrial policy and economic development in Brazil up to the end of the 1970s, and some unsuccessful attempts in this field from the 1980s on. Lastly, it evaluates the industrial policy applied by the government in the 2003- 2006 period, noting that, in spite of some positive aspects -the emphasis on innovation, clear goals and a new institutional organization- that policy has some weak points, such as its incompatibility with macroeconomic policy, lack of coherence between economic instruments, shortcomings in infrastructure and in the science, technology and innovation system, and lack of coordination and political will. (CEPAL Rev/GIGA)

The summaries are based largely on replies to the Fifth Population Inquiry Among Governments, material contained in the Population Policy Data Bank of the Population Division, national development plans, and the publications of various bodies. They cover, as of November 1985, member states of the United Nations, non-member states, and 13 territories

Itaya et al. (2014) study the conditions for sustainability and stability of capital tax coordination in a repeated game model with tax-revenue maximizing governments. One of their major results is that the grand tax coalition is never stable and sustainable. The purpose of this note is to prove that there are conditions under which the grand tax coalition is stable and sustainable in Itaya et al.'s model.

Itaya et al. (2014) study the conditions for sustainability and stability of capital tax coordination in a repeated game model with tax-revenue maximizing governments. One of their major results is that the grand tax coalition is never stable and sustainable. The purpose of this note is to prove that there are conditions under which the grand tax coalition is stable and sustainable in Itaya et al.s model.

AbstractMultilevel governance is theorized to facilitate effective policy implementation by encouraging the use of local knowledge and expertise, enabling the participation of non‐government actors, and capitalizing on the coordinating and sanctioning authority of centralized governments. Whether a particular multilevel governance arrangement achieves this, however, depends in part on the degree to which it enables coordination among governmental and non‐governmental actors representing different levels and jurisdictions. Using a comparative case study of education governance reform in the United States, this study investigates how differences in state policy implementation approach impact the structure and mode of coordination in multilevel governance systems and considers the effects this has on policy implementation processes. The results indicate that a state's implementation approach impacts coordination by structuring how different levels of government interact, share information, and influence policy. Specifically, variation in the structure of the central governing agency directly enables or restricts the influence of bottom‐up coordination from lower levels of government. The results also highlight the theoretical limitations of current binary structure models of multilevel governance (i.e., centralized vs. decentralized, top‐down vs. bottom‐up, hierarchy vs. network) for capturing important nuances in policy coordination. These findings advance the understanding of policy coordination in multilevel governance systems and inform the design of institutional arrangements that balance trade‐offs in centralization and the delegation of authority across governance systems during policy implementation.

Software development organizations worldwide are adopting values, principles, and frameworks to implement Agile ways of working. The advantages of Agile ways of working are seen in teams that are allowed a high level of autonomy. The Agile methods were initially designed for use in small, single-team projects, and routines for coordination between several teams have not been adopted in the same way as routines for coordination within the team. With several teams coordinating, autonomy must, to some extent, be sacrificed in the individual team. Work needs to be coordinated with other teams, and a project is often part of a portfolio or program. The purpose of this research is to investigate routines for inter-team coordination: how they are performed; if, how and why they are tailored, and the impacts of these added routines in relation to Agile values and principles, in particular team autonomy. This thesis is based on empirical studies at three organizations with disparate business logics. One is a product development department in the automotive industry, one is a business bank, and one is an IT department at a Swedish government agency. Data has been collected from 379 hours of on-site observations, 28 interviews, and 201 answers to a survey questionnaire. Insights from these cases build on coordination theories as well as institutional logics (new institutional theory). One contribution of this thesis is the rich descriptions of tailoring of inter-team coordination routines. Another contribution is the identified perceived impacts of the implemented inter-team coordination routines, especially regarding perceived changes to team autonomy. An important theoretical contribution is the identified and defined institutional logics (Agile toolbox logic, Agile rulebook logic, Flow efficiency logic, and Resource efficiency logic), which can be used for analysis of large-scale Agile software development projects. ; Software development organizations are implementing Agile values, principles, and frameworks all over the world. One important part of Agile is to allow teams to self-organize with a high level of autonomy; a strategy that has proved to be very successful. The Agile methods were initially designed for use in small, single-team projects. Routines for coordination between teams have not been adopted as much as routines for coordination within teams and have therefore not been much studied. A problem with several teams coordinating is that the autonomy must, to some extent, be sacrificed in the individual team when work needs to be coordinated with other teams, and a project is often part of a portfolio or program. This thesis provides insights and rich descriptions of routines for inter-team coordination in large-scale Agile software development projects. How they are performed, how and why they are tailored, and the impacts of these added routines. Empirical case studies have been performed at three large and diverse organizations: A company in the automotive industry, a business bank, and a Swedish government agency. Insights from this multiple-case study build on coordination theory as well as institutional logics (new institutional theory).

"In Deutschland dominieren historisch ein staatliches Verständnis des Politischen und die staatlich verfaßte Gesellschaft. Das gilt in ausgeprägter Weise auch für den Kern des Bildungswesens: Schulen und Hochschulen, Schulpolitik und Hochschulpolitik sind staatliche Domänen und Gegenstand eines staatlich geprägten Politikverständnisses bei allen Parteien und in fast allen Milieus der Bevölkerung. Auch die Bildungssoziologie folgte und folgt dieser sozialen Konstruktion der Wirklichkeit weitgehend. Im Kräftedreieck von Staat, Markt und Korporationen finden sich in Deutschland Bildung und Bildungspolitik in der staatlichen Ecke wieder. Dies ist nicht in allen Nachbarländern und anderen Industriestaaten in gleicher Weise der Fall. Durch die europäischen Einigungsprozesse mit ihrem rechtlichen Ausgleichsdruck, durch den wachsenden Wettbewerb auf dem Weltmarkt und durch die Finanzkrise des Wohlfahrtsstaates gerät das tradierte deutsche Modell unter ungewohnte Herausforderungen und Anpassungszwänge. Aber auch durch einen oft latenten kulturellen Wandel der Leitvorstellungen von Gesellschaft und Gemeinschaft, von Öffentlichkeit und Privatheit, von Zentrum und Peripherie, von Mehrheit und Minderheit entstehen Gegenkräfte zum Modell des allfürsorglichen und allzuständigen Staates. Das sich verändernde Kräftespiel zwischen Staats- und Zivilgesellschaft wird Folgen für Bildungswesen und Bildungspolitik haben. Es ist mit einem höheren Einfluß von Markt und nichtstaatlichen politischen Akteuren zu rechnen. Die Bildungssoziologie muß gewohnte Fragestellungen und theoretische Grundlagen überprüfen, insbesondere muß sie das Verhältnis zu ökonomischen und sozialpolitischen Perspektiven der Bildungsforschung neu bestimmen. Bildungsforschung braucht aus wissenschaftlichen und praktischen Gründen die Rückbindung an verschiedene Sozialwissenschaften." (Autorenreferat)