Suchergebnisse

The audiovisual as a tool for social change among youth in social exclusion situations in Guatemala (2004-2014)" is the title of this research paper which aims to study the organizations and projects that have worked with video tools and participatory methodology with young people in marginalized social sectors in order to improve their opportunities and social inclusion. The purpose of this study also includes the analysis of the finish video products as well as the impact of the projects on the youth participants. Guatemala is a country with deep rooted and historical social inequality. This situation is currently reflected by the high violence rates, the extreme poverty and the exclusion of populations, including youth. As social participants, young people have much to say about the construction of a future plan for the country, but they are not heard. That's why it is so important to facilitate a youth voice and research the tools that can help reach that goal. The participatory methodologies are based on the popular education theories developed by the Latinamerican School with authors such as Paulo Freire, Juan Díaz Bordenave, Jesús Martín Barbero and Mario Kaplún, among others. These methodologies have proved to be a lateral way to face the educational process by promoting dialogue, analysis, consensus search and consciousness-raising. In addition, these methodologies provide a more democratic way to format educational processes that provide students tools to promote an active attitude towards social questions. They can develop their own role of responsibility in the improvement of their own lives and contribute to the progress of their community. This research is based on observation, an extensive bibliographical review, analysis protocols for the study of video materials and projects and closed structured interviews with facilitators and project coordinators. It includes open qualitative interviews with some selected participants and with other specialists in order to complete the necessary information ...

We consider the shape optimisation of high-voltage devices subject to electrostatic field equations by combining fast boundary elements with multiresolution subdivision surfaces. The geometry of the domain is described with subdivision surfaces and different resolutions of the same geometry are used for optimisation and analysis. The primal and adjoint problems are discretised with the boundary element method using a sufficiently fine control mesh. For shape optimisation the geometry is updated starting from the coarsest control mesh with increasingly finer control meshes. The multiresolution approach effectively prevents the appearance of non-physical geometry oscillations in the optimised shapes. Moreover, there is no need for mesh regeneration or smoothing during the optimisation due to the absence of a volume mesh. We present several numerical experiments and one industrial application to demonstrate the robustness and versatility of the developed approach. ; We gratefully acknowledge the support provided by the EU commission through the FP7 Marie Curie IAPP project CASOPT (PIAP-GA-2008-230224). K.B. and F.C. thank for the additional support provided by EPSRC through #EP/G008531/1. J.Z. thanks for the support provided by the European Regional Development Fund in the IT4Innovations Centre of Excellence project (CZ.1.05/1.1.00/02.0070) and by the project SPOMECH – Creating a Multidisciplinary R&D Team for Reliable Solution of Mechanical Problems, reg. no. CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0070 within the Operational Programme 'Education for Competitiveness' funded by the Structural Funds of the European Union and the state budget of the Czech Republic. Special thanks to Andreas Blaszczyk from the ABB Corporate Research Center Switzerland for fruitful discussions and for providing the industrial applications. ; This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Elsevier via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2015.05.017

This paper builds on global experience and the DRC's specific context to identify an effective nutrition approach along with costs and benefits of key nutrition interventions. It is intended to help guide the selection of the most cost-effective interventions as well as strategies for scaling these up. The paper considers both relevant 'nutrition-specific' interventions, largely delivered through the health sector, and multisectoral 'nutrition-sensitive' interventions, delivered through other sectors such as agriculture, education, and water and sanitation. The authors estimate that the costs and benefits of implementing 10 nutrition-specific interventions in all provinces of the DRC would require a yearly public investment of $371 million. The expected benefits are enormous: annually over 5.4 million DALYs and over 76,000 lives would be saved, while at least 1 million cases of stunting among children under five would be averted. Economic productivity could potentially increase by $591 million annually over the productive lives of the beneficiaries, with an impressive internal rate of return of 13.6 percent. However, because it is unlikely that the Government of the DRC or its partners will find the $371 million necessary to reach full coverage, authors also consider scale-up scenarios based on considerations of their potential for impact, burden of stunting, resource requirements, and implementation capacity. The most cost-effective scenario considered would provide a subset of key interventions in provinces with the highest rates of stunting and will cost between $97 and $185 million depending on how many provinces are covered. The authors then identify and cost six nutrition-sensitive interventions relevant to the DRC and for which there are both evidence of positive impact on nutrition outcomes and some cost information. These findings point to a powerful set of nutrition-specific interventions and a candidate list of nutrition-sensitive approaches that represent a highly cost-effective approach to reducing child malnutrition in the DRC.

Background: Hypertension remains a public health challenge worldwide. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, its prevalence has increased in the past three decades. Higher prevalence of poor blood pressure control and an increasing number of reported cases of complications due to hypertension have also been observed. It is well established that non-adherence to antihypertensive medication contributes to poor control of blood pressure. The aim of this study is to measure non-adherence to antihypertensive medication and to identify its predictors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Kinshasa Primary Health-care network facilities from October to November 2013. A total of 395 hypertensive patients were included in the study. A structured interview was used to collect data. Adherence to medication was assessed using the Morisky Medication Scale. Covariates were defined according to the framework of the World Health Organization. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of non-adherence. Results: A total of 395 patients participated in this study. The prevalence of non-adherence to antihypertensive medication and blood pressure control was 54.2 % (95 % CI 47.3-61.8) and 15.6 % (95 % CI 12.1-20.0), respectively. Poor knowledge of complications of hypertension (OR = 2.4; 95 % CI 1.4-4.4), unavailability of antihypertensive drugs in the healthcare facilities (OR = 2.8; 95 % CI 1.4-5.5), lack of hypertensive patients education in the healthcare facilities (OR = 1.7; 95 % CI 1.1-2.7), prior experience of medication side effects (OR = 2.2; 95 % CI 1.4-3.3), uncontrolled blood pressure (OR = 2.0; 95 % CI 1.1-3.9), and taking non-prescribed medications (OR = 2.2; 95 % CI 1.2-3.8) were associated with non-adherence to antihypertensive medication. Conclusion: This study identified predictors of non-adherence to antihypertensive medication. All predictors identified were modifiable. Interventional studies targeting these predictors for improving adherence are needed. ; SCOPUS: ar.j ...

The Facts about climate change and its impact on the ecosystem across the world has been taking greater attention from scholar, government, scientist, activist, as well as civil community. Based on IPCC report 2007, sea level rise and human development contributed to the lost of coastal wetland and mangroves as well as flooding in coastal areas. This research focused on describing the climate change impacts on children well-being in the society who strongly depend on natural resources, and what kind of the adaptation process and the changing occurred in child protection framework. The methods used include time line, tree problem, ranking activities, and season calendar of important events in both areas. These method were used to document the children development, the important events in which closely linked to changing climate, what kind adaptation they use when problems occurs, how the impacts to their children well being and the way they cope with it. Data showed that children forced to help their parents. The problem perceived in the society that closely linked to climate change and children well being such as food security because the unpredictable weather. They forced to looking for another alternative food supply from rice to cassava, reduce the rice consumption from 3 times a day become once in a day. Second, the impact of climate change exacerbated their economical condition. People forced to seek another job to fulfill their family's needs. Third, due to their economic condition, it is difficult for them to get the access of education. The school fare was too high for them. The last problem is the lack of information on climate change and adaptation. The intervention from all level include government, NGOs, and civil society to strongly empower the adaptive capacity of indigenous people whose depend on natural resources to cope with climate change is required at least by providing the information.

LNG Academy diharapkan mampu menghasilkan individu yang memiliki kemampuan tinggi dan bisa memadukan antara pendidikan dan dunia industri. Hal ini juga mendukung program pemerintah dalam mengurangi tingkat pengangguran, terutama lulusan perguruan tinggi. Program management trainee di Badak LNG, lulusan dari LNG academy menbutuhkan waktu 6 bulan untuk melalui tahap pelatihan kerja serta pelatihan kerja khusus. Sedangkan lulusan program MT di luar LNG academy biasanya membutuhkan waktu 18 bulan untuk melalui masa training. Artinya ini akan menghemat 12 bulan. Sejak kelar perdana di kampus, siswa sudah diperkenalkan dengan lingkungan kerja pada perusahaan gas alam. Oleh karena itu, lulusan LNG academy yang bekerja di Badak LNG tidak menemukan kesulitan berarti saat beradaptasi dengan lingkungan kerja. Dalam jangka pendek mereka dapat langsung siap bekerja dan mengetahui betapa strategis dampak dari bisnis gas alam cair dalam peta pembangunan nasional.LNG Academy is able to produce individuals (output) who have a considerably high link and match between education and industrial world. It also supports the governmental programs in reducing unemployment rates, especially the individuals graduated from university. It can also overcome the issue related to duration. Badak LNG Management Trainees, graduated from LNG Academy class, need only 6 months to pass the On Job Training as well as Job Specific Training. Whereas the MT graduated from outside the LNG Academy usually need 18 months in order to pass the trainings. It means that there are 12 months which can be saved (outcome). Since the early classes in the academy, the students have been introduced to the working ecosystem of the liquid natural gas company. Therefore, LNG Academy graduates who work for Badak LNG have no significant difficulty adapting with the working ecosystem, whether it is related to the working mechanism or other working cultures. In a short duration, they can be directly working-ready and understand how strategic it is the liquid natural gas business field in national and development issues (impact).

The Scientific Committee of the Spanish Agency for Consumer Affairs, Food Safety and Nutrition (AECOSAN) published in 2014 a report on objectives and nutritional recommendations and physical activity to combat obesity in the framework of the NAOS Strategy, suggesting that "national strategies and intersectorial measures should be drawn up aimed at the promotion of physical activity as a beneficial agent for health in line with national legislation and practice; that is, there should be a national recommendation for physical activity to benefit health" and recommending "the establishment of a general framework in Spain containing certain general directives on the characteristics of the physical activity that each segment of the population should adopt in order to remain healthy during the different stages of their life (childhood and adolescence, adults and the elderly) and which might serve as a guide to the strategies promoted by the regional communities". In addition, national recommendations have been presented for physical activity for health, the reduction of sedentary lifestyle and screen time for the whole population. This is the result of collaboration between the Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality and the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport, through the Higher Council for Sport, and within the framework of the National Health System's Strategy for the Promotion of Health and Prevention. The Scientific Committee of AECOSAN has assessed both documents and concluded that the recommendations listed in the document "Physical activity for health and the reduction of a sedentary lifestyle. Recommendations for the population", under the framework of the National Health System's Strategy for the Promotion of Health and Prevention from the Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality are in line with those made by the Scientific Committee of AECOSAN in 2014 and contain areas of interest. They may therefore be assumed within the NAOS Strategy for Nutrition, Physical Activity and Health in ...

Open science and research are a continuum from local to global, from individuals to culture. Models for openness include rich dialogue and wide participation. To ensure replicability and openness, jointly-funded research environments, support services and results will be made widely and equally available to research communities that are guided by agreed policies, principles and contracts of openness. The focus of the paper is on the Finnish Open Science and Research initiative, and on LIBER's activities related to Open Science, on the responsibilities and measures through which the various parties can promote openness and collaborate. To stimulate the research system in Finland towards better competitiveness and higher quality, Finland's strategy and roadmap for research infrastructures 2014–20 was developed. The research system needs structures and working methods for openness to be extensively harnessed. The roadmap chimes with the Open Science initiative. The research process and research infrastructures will be based on skilled people, in their ability successfully to design and manage the life cycle, and the quality of research results. Science and research will be on a firm footing when results are widely available and reliably preserved. In managing the life cycle of research results, libraries could take an important role. This role includes facilitating increased expertise by focused education, by expertise in metadata, identifiers and other data structures, support for the publication process and in the provision of related services. Through active advocacy work and EU project management, LIBER has gained a role in the development of research infrastructures and in the discussion of strategic directions for Open Science. It is part of LIBER's agenda to support its libraries to become central points of contact for researchers and faculties in the area of scholarly publishing and research data management at institutional level for all academic disciplines. The EU projects have provided LIBER libraries ...

The aim of this survey was to investigate the attitudes of the general adult population on trade unionism. The target population for this survey consisted of all persons aged between 15 and 64 residing in private dwellings in Malta and Gozo, totalling 278,439 persons. A stratified random sampling process was employed for this survey. A total of 4,270 persons were contacted, of whom 1,512 participated, while another 2,262 persons were not eligible to participate. This resulted in a net effective response rate of 75.3%. Data was collected by means of Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) in November and December 2014. After examining and correcting inaccuracies, data was analysed through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). About a third (33.8%) of all employees are currently trade union members. Another 18.4% were enrolled in a trade union in the past. Male and female employees are similarly likely to be trade union members. However, when considering all respondents (including the unemployed and inactive), women are more likely than men to have never been unionised or to have stopped their trade union membership. Older male employees are much more likely to be trade union members than younger ones, but there is no significant age difference in unionisation among female employees. On the other hand, membership in trade unions, especially among female employees, tends to increase with higher qualifications. Professionals, technicians and craft workers are the most likely occupational categories to be unionised, while armed forces, elementary, agricultural and fishery workers are the least likely. Employees on indefinite, full-time contracts, in the public sector, and in large private organisations are significantly more likely to be unionised than other employees. The most densely unionised economic activities are education (57.7% of the respondents in this sector claim to be unionised), and health and social work activities (54.3%). The main reason given for joining a trade union is to ...

Abstract: This study is moved from the initial observation that informal scores, especially the motherhousewifebaker government received less attention in terms pemberdayaanya. Thus, this study aims todescribe the role of the informal sector in increasing people's income, khsusunya low-income families inthe District Tuminting. This research uses descriptive-analytic method. Purposive sample drawn as manyas 45 respondents mother-housewife wet cake maker and pastries. Data were collected through surveysand direct observation techniques using instruments Questionnaire. Once the data is collected, and thenanalyzed using analytical techniques frequency table and cross table.Having analyzed the results obtained as follows: (1) The business of the informal sector, especially bakinghas an important role in increasing the income of low-income people, especially for mothers ofhouseholds to help meet the needs of their families. (1) Most businesses informal sector, especiallymothers cake makers (wet and dry) to get working capital from a third party (the release of money / loanshark) or cooperative with relatively high interest, because they do not understand the procedures andterms of the loan capital Work through the bank. This reality is a consequence of the lack of socializationof business credit (KUR) channeled government.Thus, the conclusion that can be drawn from these results is that the factors formal education, skills andworking capital is a determinant (determinant) increase in operating income in the informal sector,especially the business of making pastries and cakes by the mother-housewife from low-income families inthe District Tuminting.Suggestions or recommendations can be given, anatar others: governments need to streamline thedissemination of KUR and provide guidance and empowerment to businesses cake maker, through ease ofaccess memdapatkan scholarship vocational school for the children of the target group, the ease of accessto business loans KUR and provide training job skills, especially in the field yeknik cake-making andmanagement of usaaha.Keywords: Informal sector, Cake Makers, family income

Project Goals and Results • The Chhattisgarh Irrigation Development Project (CIDP) aimed to increase agricultural productivity, improve rural livelihoods, and reduce poverty by improving irrigation delivery, enhancing agricultural practices, and strengthening water resource management. • The CIDP supported the rehabilitation and upgrading of irrigation systems that serve more than 150,000 households; strengthened government capacity to assist water users' associations (WUAs); and trained 1,250 out of 1,324 WUAs in Chhattisgarh based on the Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM) Act, a legislation that mandated the roles and responsibilities of WUAs, including the membership of women in irrigation management. It also trained 191 WUAs on how to improve agricultural techniques and how to be more effective in general. It offered opportunities for collective actions by communities, such as joint purchase of seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides, and joint marketing of produce. Overall, participants reported improved crop yields and higher household incomes. • Building on the new PIM Act, the CIDP strengthened women's participation in WUAs. A widespread education campaign raised awareness on the importance of women's participation in decision making and encouraged women to become active in these associations. In the 2007 WUA elections, women were elected in one-third of available positions. Processes and Management Tools • The PIM Act was passed through the CIDP. With this new law, the CIDP promoted PIM, especially women's participation. The project predated the requirement for a Gender Action Plan and gender targets and indicators in the Design and Monitoring Framework (DMF) outputs. Gender-related strategies and targets were indicated in the Summary Poverty Reduction and Social Strategy. • All irrigation upgrading and rehabilitation activities included contractual obligations to offer "equal pay for equal work" to men and women. • Technical assistance supported activities to promote women's participation in irrigation management and their election to WUA committees. ; ADB_Gender_equality_India_Chhattisgarh.pdf: 74 downloads, before Oct. 1, 2020.

Biosecurity is crucial for safeguarding livestock from infectious diseases. Despite the plethora of biosecurity recommendations, published scientific evidence on the effectiveness of individual biosecurity measures is limited. The objective of this study was to assess the perception of Swiss experts about the effectiveness and importance of individual on-farm biosecurity measures for cattle and swine farms (31 and 30 measures, respectively). Using a modified Delphi method, 16 Swiss livestock disease specialists (8 for each species) were interviewed. The experts were asked to rank biosecurity measures that were written on cards, by allocating a score from 0 (lowest) to 5 (highest). Experts ranked biosecurity measures based on their importance related to Swiss legislation, feasibility, as well as the effort required for implementation and the benefit of each biosecurity measure. The experts also ranked biosecurity measures based on their effectiveness in preventing an infectious agent from entering and spreading on a farm, solely based on transmission characteristics of specific pathogens. The pathogens considered by cattle experts were those causing Bluetongue (BT), Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD), Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) and Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR). Swine experts expressed their opinion on the pathogens causing African Swine Fever (ASF), Enzootic Pneumonia (EP), Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS), as well as FMD. For cattle farms, biosecurity measures that improve disease awareness of farmers were ranked as both most important and most effective. For swine farms, the most important and effective measures identified were those related to animal movements. Among all single measures evaluated, education of farmers was perceived by the experts to be the most important and effective for protecting both Swiss cattle and swine farms from disease. The findings of this study provide an important basis for recommendation to farmers and policy makers. ; ISSN:1932-6203

Defence date: 29 October 2015 ; Examining Board: Prof. Dr. Sebastian Conrad, Freie Universität Berlin (EUI); Prof. Dr. Andreas Eckert, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin (External supervisor); Prof. Dr. Ulrike Lindner, Universität zu Köln (External supervisor); Prof. Dr. Dirk Moses, European University Institute. ; The central question posed in this project is: In what way did the colonial labor regime in German East Africa correspond with the formation of a global color line and the growing debates over the relationship between race and labor at the end of the nineteenth century? The division between 'wanted' and 'unwanted' subalterns made by colonial rulers is the topic around which this project is structured. By examining three case studies, this project highlights the emergence of a colonial labor order in early colonial Tanzania. In doing so, it shows the discursive entanglements that bound local processes to global, transregional, inter-imperial, and metropolitan phenomena. The first chapter focuses on the recruitment and employment of Asian indentured laborers on plantations owned by the German-­East African Plantation Company, and so raises questions regarding global migration as well as free and unfree labor during High Imperialism. The second chapter contextualizes the "education of the Negro to work" as a result of a transatlantic knowledge exchange and ties this process to the question of school policy in colonial Tanzania. The chapter then goes on to analyze the recruitment policy of state-run schools in which Muslims, first and foremost, were to be trained as subaltern civil servants. The third chapter in turn focuses on unwanted subalterns and contextualizes the deportation of poor whites who were seen as a danger to both the colonial (labor) regime, as well as to the "white prestige" of colonial rulers. The project will demonstrate that this was a broader problem and that the legislative solution ultimately reached in German East Africa has to be analyzed within the context of imperial border regimes.

This report is part of a six-city research series, Europe's White Working Class Communities, which examines the realities of people from majority populations in Aarhus, Amsterdam, Berlin, Lyon, Manchester, and Stockholm.White Working Class Communities in Berlin explores the views and experiences of the majority population living in the northern parts of the former East Berlin district of Marzahn-Hellersdorf with high indicators of social, economic, and political marginalization. The report focuses on six areas of local policy—education, employment, housing, health and social protection, policing and security, and civil and political and participation—as well as broader themes of belonging and identity and the role of the media.In many ways, the consequences of processes unleashed by the German reunification are still acutely felt in Marzahn-Hellersdorf. The population in the district falls into two distinct groups: an older generation shaped by the old GDR regime, who came to the area when it was initially developed; a younger generation, including the children of the older group; and new arrivals who mostly have an immigrant background. The differences between these groups have created a wide gap that has affected collaboration among them. The entrenched, top-down methods of decision making, reaching from the federal level down to the local government, have further prevented inclusive participation of the local population in political, economic, social, and cultural issues of the district. The report highlights the urgent need to address this and the many assets available among the residents of Marzahn-Hellersdorf.This report is part of a six-city series providing ground-breaking research on the realities of a section of the population whose lives are often caricatured and whose voices are rarely heard in public debates on integration, social cohesion, and social inclusion. Through a comparative lens, the project seeks to highlight parallels and differences in policies, practices, and experiences across the European cities of Aarhus, Amsterdam, Berlin, Lyon, Manchester, and Stockholm.

Rad se temelji na analizi hrvatskog Indeksa razvijenosti objavljenog 2013. godine i njegovih pokazatelja na razini lokalne samouprave. U prvome dijelu rada opisuje se konstrukcija indeksa i teorijski i praktični problemi konstrukcije kompozitnih indeksa te njihova uloga u razvojnoj teoriji. U drugome dijelu provedena je analiza komponenata i klasterska analiza indeksa za 556 jedinica lokalne uprave u Republici Hrvatskoj. Na temelju analize identificirano je šest klastera i tri tipa razvijenosti koje indeks iskazuje: nerazvijenost, razvoj jedinice i ljudski razvoj. Pokazalo se da indeks favorizira razvoj jedinice, karakterističan za primorske jedinice, temeljen na visokim prihodima gradova i općina te kretanju stanovništva, nauštrb ljudskog razvoja, koji se iskazuje kroz zaposlenost, osobne prihode i obrazovanje, iako je intencija indeksa obratna. Zaključuje se da bi indeks trebalo modificirati kako bi se bolje naglasila komponenta ljudskog razvoja. ; The paper is based on the analysis of the Croatian Development Index published in 2013 and its indicators on the local self-government level. The first part of the paper describes the index construction, as well as theoretical and practical problems associated with the construction of composite indices and their role in development theory. The second part presents the conducted analysis of the components and cluster analysis of indices for 556 local self-government units in the Republic of Croatia. Based on the analysis, six clusters and three types of development shown by the index have been identified: low development, unit development and human development. It was revealed that the index favours unit development, characteristic for littoral units, based on high incomes of towns and municipalities and population trends, at the expense of human development expressed through employment, personal income and education, although the intention of the index is quite contrary. It has been concluded that the index should be modified to better emphasise the human development component.