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The focus of this Element is on the idea that choice is hierarchical so that there exists an order of acquisition of durable goods and assets as real incomes increase. Two main approaches to deriving such an order are presented, the so-called Paroush approach and Item Response Theory. An empirical illustration follows, based on the 2019 Eurobarometer Survey. The Element ends with two sections showing first how measures of inequality, poverty and welfare may be derived from such an order of acquisition, second that there is also an order of curtailment of expenditures when individuals face financial difficulties. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

The Australia in World Affairs series commenced in 1950 and provides a continuous, researched scholarly account of Australia's foreign policy. The fourth volume, Australia in World Affairs 1966-1970, saw the transformation in Australia's position carried several stages further. Once a comparative bystander, Australia had become an active participant in great events. The increased commitment of Australian forces to the struggle in Vietnam not only produced deep fissures and much acrimonious debate within the Australian society, but also placed Australia in a theatre of political operation with which the great and the lesser powers were vitally concerned. It also brought to the fore hitherto largely unstated questions about the character of the United States alliance, the extent of Australian involvement in the United States defence system (especially through the growing number of American installations on Australian soil) and the degree of independence exercised, or indeed possessed, by Australia.

The Australia in World Affairs series commenced in 1950 and provides a continuous, researched scholarly account of Australia's foreign policy. The third volume, Australia in World Affairs 1961-1965, is crowded with major events, with the tension over Berlin, acrimonious disputes over nuclear testing and the advance to the brink of war with Cuba. Chinese troops crossed the Indian frontiers, and Indian and Pakistani armies faced one another. Indonesia's confrontation of Malaysia challenged the security and stability of yet another area of South-East Asia. The United Nations suffered a grave financial crisis which threatened to bring the organisation to a halt. There were, too, events of measureless consequence: the explosion of the Chinese atomic bomb; the bitter controversy between China and the Soviet Union, which shattered the seemingly monolithic structure of Communism; the increasing US involvement in the defence of South Vietnam; and the continued probing of outer space.

The Australia in World Affairs series commenced in 1950 and provides a continuous, researched scholarly account of Australia's foreign policy. The seventh volume, Australia in World Affairs 1981-1990: Diplomacy in the Marketplace, coincides with the return of Labor to government in 1983, led by Bob Hawke. This decade saw the development of Australia's balance of trade and foreign debt problems, resulting preoccupation with the economic and trade aspects of Australian foreign policy. This mirrored the international trend towards protectionism and trading blocs. Concern over future access to European markets, and future competition with European exports in other markets, increased with the prospect of an integrated Europe. The Asia-Pacific region saw the emergence of Japan as an increasingly dominant power economically, and witnessed the extraordinary growth of South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and the ASEAN countries as rapidly developing, modernising and highly successful participants in world and regional trade.

This Element applies a new version of liberalism to international relations (IR), one that derives from the political theory of John Locke. It begins with a survey of liberal IR theories, showing that the main variants of this approach have all glossed over classical liberalism's core concern: fear of the state's concentrated power and the imperative of establishing institutions to restrain its inevitable abuse. The authors tease out from Locke's work its 'realist' elements: his emphasis on politics, power, and restraints on power (the 'Lockean tripod'). They then show how this Lockean approach (1) complements existing liberal approaches and answers some of the existing critiques directed toward them, (2) offers a broader analytical framework for several very different strands of IR literature, and (3) has broad theoretical and practical implications for international relations.

"Unravels the real effects of the mainstream and alternative news media on British politics. Covering TV, radio, newspaper and the internet, Kenneth Newton collates evidence to show that, contrary to popular belief, the main effects are positive and inform and mobilise citizens rather than influencing their voting choice"--

In den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten hat die Digitalisierung unsere Welt revolutioniert. Und sie macht auch vor dem Staat nicht Halt. Die umfassende Transformation staatlicher Institutionen hat bereits begonnen. Die Entwicklung hin zu einem digital-technologischen Staatsapparat, der den Bürgern und Wirtschaftsakteuren dient, ist jedoch kein Selbstläufer. Christian R. Ulbrich und Bruno S. Frey setzen sich in ihrem Buch intensiv mit den Hintergründen und Auswirkungen dieser Veränderungen auseinander. Sie beleuchten die grundlegenden digitalen Dynamiken und Mechanismen. Sie zeigen auf, welche bislang kaum beachteten Risiken und Chancen sich für die Demokratie ergeben. Und sie machen konkrete, innovative Vorschläge, wie unsere zentralen demokratischen Institutionen mithilfe digitaler Technologien zukunftsfest gemacht werden können. Der Staat steht vor der Wahl: Kann er sich im digitalen Zeitalter neu erfinden oder riskiert er zu scheitern. Die Zukunft unserer Demokratie, unseres sozialen Zusammenhalts und unseres Wohlstands hängt davon ab, wie dieser Wandel gestaltet wird. Dieses Buch ist ein Muss für jeden, der unsere Gesellschaft mitgestalten möchte

"Formerly known as Women and Men in Management, the new Sixth Edition of Gender in Management, author Gary N. Powell provides a comprehensive survey and review of the literature on sex, gender, and organizations. A fully-updated chapter on Sexually-Oriented Behavior in the Workplace examines the widespread problem of sexual harassment and its underlying causes as well as dynamics of workplace romance. Powell provides specific research-based strategies for promoting an organizational culture of nondiscrimination, diversity, and inclusion. Key Features: - More intersectional than ever, with expended coverage of how ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender identify and expression, and generational differences intersect with gender in the workplace. - Includes the latest research and statistics on a wide range of important issues like gender socialization, improving hiring decisions, and leading diverse teams. - A full-updated chapter on Managing the Work-Family Interface explores the complex relationship between work and family as well as strategies for creating more family-friendly organizational cultures"--

"Independence and Politics delves deeply into the political landscape of Israel during the years 1947-1949. Weaving together a wealth of original sources and emphasizing domestic politics, Meir Chazan offers a comprehensive analysis of the critical factors that contributed to the establishment and early governance of the State of Israel. Chazan explores the formation of governing institutions in the transition from a voluntary society to typical patterns of statehood. He investigates the shocks that led to these institutions' formation and the critical decision to declare statehood. Additionally, he provides a detailed account of the election campaign for the Constituent Assembly, which was the forerunner of the First Knesset, and the struggle to attain the United States' de facto and de jure recognition of Israel. Insightful and informative, Independence and Politics provides a fresh perspective on the establishment of the State of Israel. Chazan's analysis and expert commentary offer an unparalleled understanding of the challenges faced by the fledgling state and the decisions that shaped its future"--

Daniel L. Smith-Christopher focuses on the life and efforts of Keir Hardie, one of the founders of the UK Labour Party and one of the foremost figureheads of trade unionism. Drawing upon the work of two contemporary and significant American theorists Herbert Gutman s classic essay on Working-Class Religion and Michael Gold's call for Proletarian Literature Smith-Christopher marries British and American historical and theoretical debates to argue that Hardie's work is surely the quintessential example of a proletarian exegesis of the Bible. Beginning with a summary of the major events in Hardie's life, Smith-Christopher draws both upon existing biographies and more recent historical discussions that question assumption of British social history. He then reviews previous debates upon the influence of Hardie's own Christian faith upon his journalistic output, and assesses three Christian Socialists whose work was advertised and reviewed by Hardie himself: Dennis Hird, John Morrison Davidson, and Caroline Martyn. Smith-Christopher proceeds to Hardie's copious writings, both for The Labour Leader and separately published lectures, pamphlets, and somewhat longer works of autobiography and comment. Highlighting Hardie s tendency to cite favorite texts (heavily from the Gospels and James, but also some notable Old Testament discussions), Smith-Christopher proves Hardie's serious discussion of these texts beyond mere political rhetoric; concluding by comparing a selection of Hardie s favorite Biblical arguments with contemporary research in Biblical Studies about these same passages, evaluating the problems and possibilities of proposing a Proletarian Exegesis

David N. Gibbs explores the forces that shaped the turn toward free market economics and wealth concentration and finds their roots in the 1970s. He argues that the political transformations of this period resulted from a "revolt of the rich," whose defense of their class interests came at the expense of the American public.