BORIS D. BRUTZKUS WAS AN ECONOMIST WHO HAS BEEN LARGELY OVERLOOKED BY SCHOLARS EVEN THOUGH HE HAD THE COURAGE TO WRITE ABOUT THE CONTRADICTIONS AND BANKRUPTCY OF SOVIET SOCIALISM AS EARLY AS THE 1920'S. IN THIS ARTICLE, THE AUTHOR PROVIDES BACKGROUND ON BRUTZKUS, AN ASSESSMENT OF ONE OF HIS ESSAYS, AND AN INDICATION OF HIS PLACE IN THE HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT.
Attempts have been made at Latin American regional integration since the late 1950s, but on each occasion, high expectations have met with disappointing failures. In July 1986, however, a new phase began in the history of Latin American integration as Presidents Raúl Alfonsín of Argentina and José Sarney of Brazil signed the Argentina-Brazil Economic Integration Pact (ABEIP).
THE USE OF SOCIOECONOMIC INDICATORS IN INDIA INVOLVES THE BROADER SENSE OF POPULATION, EDUCATIONAL SERVICES, PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT, PUBLIC ORDER AND SAFETY, ETC. THE DECENNIAL POPULATION CENSUS PROVIDES SOME INFORMATION ON THE GROWTH OF PUPULATION, HOUSING, LITERACY, AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, BUT CIVIL REGISTRATION IS DEFICIENT AND NOT MUCH USE CAN BE MADE OF THE BIRTH AND DEATH RATES.
"This book considers a central issue of our time: the relationship between the macroeconomic objectives of political parties in democratic countries and the legal framework of market economies. The impressive panel of contributors examine social democratic policies on cartels, market concentration, and competition in multiple European countries, spanning a hundred-year period (specifically the interwar period, the initial postwar period, the 1960s and 1970s, the 1980s and 1990s, and the 2000s). This thought-provoking volume challenges the dominant belief that the EU's economic system and competition policy were mainly influenced by neoliberal economic thinking, instead showing that Keynesian and social democratic positions played a major role in the emergence of this system. It will be valuable reading for advanced students, researchers and policymakers interested in modern economic history, industrial organization, political economy, European legal history and political science"--
This book examines the legacy of the 2003 ruling of the Court of Justice of the European Union in Altmark. This case changed the direction of how Services of General Economic Interest (SGEI) should be funded in the EU against a background of liberalisation, and the need for efficiency and global competitiveness. The book examines the European Commission's response to the Altmark ruling in the measures known as the 'Altmark-Monti-Kroes Package' and charts the review of this package from 2009 culminating in a new package of measures, known as the 'Almunia Package'. The seemingly technocratic idea of a review of the 'Altmark-Monti-Kroes Package' could not have anticipated the demanding and changed economic and constitutional context of the EU in 2009. It is in this light that the authors in this book explore in great detail the different components of the new 'Almunia Package' of measures introduced in 2011-2012, offering a critical review and highlighting where the future direction of the regulation of SGEI may lead as the EU struggles in an economic climate of austerity to balance a new constitutional dimension of a 'highly competitive social market economy' with a modernisation agenda for the single market.This book is a valuable source of information for politicians, lawyers and economists involved in practice and policy-making in the field of the provision of public services.
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Nigeria is one of the relatively secured nations in West African sub-region. In recent times, this endowed nation suddenly metamorphosed into an abode of serial bombing, hostage taking, armed robbery, cold-blooded killings and ethno-religious conflicts traceable to militant groups with conflicting ideological, political and religious agenda. Among these militant groups are Niger-Delta insurgents, Campus cults, Bakassi Boys, Armed robbers, O'odua People's Congress, Boko Haram et cetera. The resultant loss of lives, rising budgetary spending for security and destruction of valuable government facilities portend devastating consequences for sustainable economic development in the country. This paper examines the link between national security and sustainable economic development in Nigeria. The authors adopt quantitative method, which entails extraction of secondary data from the publications of Central Bank of Nigeria, National Bureau of Statistics and other reliable reports on the subject. The generated data were carefully analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics on the basis of which far-reaching conclusions were drawn. The research findings indicate that Nigeria's expenditure on national security is rising faster than spending on education, agriculture, health and construction. This unpleasant finding has negative effect on sustainable economic development in Nigeria. The paper proffers tripartite recommendations for governments, the citizens and policy-makers.
The objective of our analysis has been to find out and elaborate on why some countries could not benefit from remittance inflows sent by migrants or even are getting into traps due to them. In the authors' view, the remittance trap may be appraised, notably in the long run, as the dilemma in which a country finds itself when the high value of migrant remittance inflows leads to a high value of human and financial capital outflows, as well as to the moral hazard problem of the country's population and government. Accordingly, remittance trap negatively affects the sustainable growth and development of the economy which eventually deepens the country's dependence on remittances, proving the vicious nature of the trap. Furthermore, the paper focuses on identifying a competent set of policy recommendations for the countries that are remittance dependent. A natural conclusion of our research is that there is a thin line between remittances' advantages and disadvantages, since in fact, short-term benefits very often turn out into long-run side effects, mainly as a result of mismanagement of remittance inflows, which correlates with unfavourable business climate and decreased willingness of the population to invest. Accordingly, the benefits and adverse side effects of remittance inflows are interdependent.
This paper explores the use of Inuit Quajimajatuqangit (IQ) and the policy formation process of the rational decision making model. Based on the current research of Inuit Canadians concerning parental involvement within northern schools, this paper examines how an Indigenous way of knowing can be infused with a non-Indigenous method of policy development. The majority of this paper reviews past policy that has been placed upon Inuit Canadians as the framework for understanding how Inuit arrived at the current educational situation. The author introduces how Inuit have taken up this situation, and are working in present day with a positive perspective.Keywords: Inuit Quajimajatuqangit (IQ), Pijitsirniq, Aajiiqatigiingniq, Pilirqatigiingniq. Inuit Quajimajatuqangit (IQ) is Inuit knowledge and societal values through which Inuit function. Pijitsirniq is the concept of serving. Aajiiqatigiingniq is consensus in decision making. Pilirqatigiingniq is working together for a common purpose.Cet article explore l'emploi de l'Inuit Quajimajatuqangit et le processus d'élaboration des politiques du modèle de prise de décision rationnelle. Reposant sur la recherche actuelle par des Inuits canadiens sur l'implication des parents dans les écoles du Nord, cet article examine la mesure dans laquelle un mode autochtone de connaissance peut être empreint d'une méthode non autochtone d'élaboration des politiques. La majorité de l'article passe en revue les anciennes politiques imposées aux Inuits Canadiens; ce passé sert de cadre pour comprendre comment les Inuits en sont arrivés à la situation actuelle en matière d'éducation. L'auteure explique que les Inuits ont assumé cette situation et qu'ils y travaillent actuellement avec optimisme.Mots clés : l'Inuit Quajimajatuqangit (IQ), Pijitsirniq, Aajiiqatigiingniq, Pilirqatigiingniq. L'Inuit Quajimajatuqangit (IQ), ce sont les connaissances et les valeurs sociales avec lesquelles fonctionnent les Inuits. Pijitsirniq, c'est le concept du service. Aajiiqatigiingniq désigne le consensus dans la prise de décision. Pilirqatigiingniq, c'est travailler ensemble en vue d'atteindre un objectif commun.
SUMMARYThere are three positions concerning the economic effects of human rights discussed among economists. Some economists argue that only property rights matter for economic growth and basic human rights can even make the legal system less efficient. Others argue that negative rights are generally welfare increasing while positive rights tend to reduce income and growth over time. Yet a third group of economists argues that elements of all groups of human rights are a precondition for making productive use of one's resources and are thus efficiency‐enhancing. Based on a cross‐country analysis, the effects of different groups of human rights on economic growth are estimated in this paper. The transmission channels through which the different rights affect growth are identified by estimating their effects on investment and overall productivity. Basic human rights have indeed a positive effect on investment, but do not seem to contribute to productivity. Social rights, in turn, are not conducive to investment in physical capital but do contribute to productivity improvements. None of the four groups of rights covered in this analysis ever has a significant negative effect on any of the economic variables included.
