Suchergebnisse

This paper, which falls within the field of Spanish noun subordination, intends to propose a unified account of clause structures that crosslinguistically have been described as complement of a verb, or complement clause. First, I deal with the four types of complement clauses that code an argument of the main verbal predicate in Spanish, namely, subject, direct object, nominal predicate and prepositional government. In order to explain the subordinate structural alternation in relation to the verbal finite or infinitive inflexion, in all four cases, I analyze the participants' coreference between the complement clause and the main one, trying to demonstrate that the mentioned coreference is not only established between the subject of the complement clause and the subject of its main clause. Second, taking into consideration that in Spanish the complement clause usually follows its main clause, I analyze the information structure of its semantic content to come to the conclusion that its position following the main clause is due to its high communicative value, assuming that Spanish syntax organizes its constituents according to the old/known information-new information order. ; En este trabajo presento, en el ámbito de la subordinación sustantiva en español, un análisis global de las estructuras oracionales que, desde fechas relativamente recientes, se han descrito translingüísticamente como complementarias de un verbo, o completivas. En primer lugar doy cuenta de los cuatro tipos de oraciones completivas que, en español, formalizan un argumento del predicado verbal principal, a saber, de sujeto, de objeto directo, de predicado nominal y de régimen prepositivo. Y para explicar la alternancia estructural de la subordinada en términos de la flexión finita o infinitiva de su verbo, en los cuatro casos analizo la correferencia de participantes entre la completiva y su principal para mostrar que no únicamente se establece entre el sujeto de la completiva, siempre, y el sujeto de su principal. En segundo lugar, y ...

The efforts carried out by the national government, regarding energetic matter, have been directed mainly towards energy security. For this, projects that generate renewable energies were implemented, mostly hydroelectric. However, it is imperative to begin a process of petroleum independence, diversifying in a better way the primary sources of energy generation, since the energetic relation that Ecuador has with respect to petroleum is still high, even more so if we consider that an eventual scenario of depletion of petroleum reserves is not far away, which is estimated in about two decades. The present article contributes with a current lecture of the state of the energy matrix from the side of the generation, the mega projects and their impacts, as well as from the point of view of the consumption or demand, including the efforts made for the diversification of energy sources. ; Los esfuerzos realizados por parte del gobierno nacional, en cuanto a materia energética, están orientados principalmente hacia la seguridad energética. Para ello se han implementado proyectos generadores de energías renovables, en su mayor parte hidroeléctricas. Es imperante sin embargo iniciar un proceso de independencia petrolera, diversificando de mejor forma las fuentes primarias de generación de energía, pues es alta todavía la relación energética que mantiene el Ecuador con respecto al petróleo, más aún si consideramos que no está lejano un eventual escenario de agotamiento de reservas petroleras, las cuales se estiman en aproximadamente no más de 2 décadas. El presente artículo aporta con una lectura actual del estado de la matriz energética, desde el lado de generación, los mega proyectos y sus impactos, así como desde el punto de vista de consumo o demanda, incluidos los esfuerzos realizados para la diversificación de las fuentes de energía.

[EN] The design of suitable catalysts for the one-pot conversion of glycerol into acrylic acid (AA) is a complex matter, as only fine-tuning of the redox and acid properties makes it possible to obtain significant yields of AA. However, fundamental understanding behind the catalytic phenomenon is still unclear. Structure-reactivity correlations are clearly behind these results, and acid sites are involved in the dehydration of glycerol into acrolein with vanadium as the main (or only) redox element. For the first time, we propose an in-depth study to shed light on the molecular-level relations behind the overall catalytic results shown by several types of V-containing catalysts. Different multifunctional catalysts were synthesized, characterized (>X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, temperature-programmed reduction, and temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia), and tested in a flow reactor. Combining the obtained results with those acquired from an in situ FTIR spectroscopy study with acrolein (a reaction intermediate), it was possible to draw conclusions on the role played by the various physicochemical features of the different oxides in terms of the adsorption, surface reactions, and desorption of the reagents and reaction products. ; The Instituto de Tecnologia Quimica thanks the Spanish Government-MINECO projects (CTQ2015-68951-C3-1-R and SEV-2012-0267). CIRI Energia e Ambiente (University of Bologna) is acknowledged for a Ph.D. grant to A.C. Consorzio INSTM (Firenze) is acknowledged for a Ph.D. grant to C.B. ; Chieregato, A.; Bandinelli, C.; Concepción Heydorn, P.; Soriano Rodríguez, MD.; Puzzo, F.; Basile, F.; Cavani, F. (2017). Structure-reactivity correlations in Vanadium containing catalysts for the one-pot glycerol oxidehydration to acrylic acid. ChemSusChem. 10(1):234-244. https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201600954 ; S ; 234 ; 244 ; 10 ; 1 ; T. Ohara T. Sato N. Shimizu G. Prescher H. Schwind O. Weiberg K. Marten H. Greim Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial ...

"This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Llopis-Lorente, Antoni, Paula Díez, Cristina de la Torre, Alfredo Sánchez, Félix Sancenón, Elena Aznar, María D. Marcos, Paloma Martínez-Ruíz, Ramón Martínez-Máñez, and Reynaldo Villalonga. 2017. Enzyme-Controlled Nanodevice for Acetylcholine-Triggered Cargo Delivery Based on Janus Au-Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. Chemistry - A European Journal 23 (18). Wiley: 4276 81. doi:10.1002/chem.201700603, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201700603. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving." ; [EN] This work reports a new gated nanodevice for acetylcholine-triggered cargo delivery. We prepared and characterized Janus Au-mesoporous silica nanoparticles functionalized with acetylcholinesterase on the Au face and with supramolecular b-cyclodextrin: benzimidazole inclusion complexes as caps on the mesoporous silica face. The nanodevice is able to selectively deliver the cargo in the presence of acetylcholine via enzyme-mediated acetylcholine hydrolysis, locally lowering the pH and opening the supramolecular gate. Given the key role played by ACh and its relation with Parkinson's disease and other nervous system diseases, we believe that these findings could help design new therapeutic strategies. ; A.L.L. is grateful to "La Caixa" Banking Foundation for his PhD fellowship. The authors are gratitude to the Spanish Government (MINECO Projects MAT2012-38429-C04-01, MAT2015-64139-C4-1, CTQ2014-58989-P and CTQ2015-71936-REDT) and the Generalitat Valencia (Project PROMETEOII/2014/047) for support. The Comunidad de Madrid (S2013/MIT-3029, Programme NANOAVANSENS) is also gratefully acknowledged. ; Llopis-Lorente, A.; Díez, P.; De La Torre-Paredes, C.; Sanchez, A.; Sancenón Galarza, F.; Aznar, E.; Marcos Martínez, MD. (2017). Enzyme-Controlled Nanodevice for Acetylcholine-Triggered Cargo Delivery Based on Janus Au-Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. Chemistry - ...

Based on a survey of 593 lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in the United Kingdom, this study shows that direct anti-LGBT hate crimes (measured by direct experiences of victimization) and indirect anti-LGBT hate crimes (measured by personally knowing other victims of hate crime) are highly prolific and frequent experiences for LGBT people. Our findings show that trans people are particularly susceptible to hate crimes, both in terms of prevalence and frequency. This article additionally highlights the negative emotional and (intended) behavioral reactions that were correlated with an imagined hate crime scenario, showing that trans people are more likely to experience heightened levels of threat, vulnerability, and anxiety compared with non-trans LGB people. The study found that trans people are also more likely to feel unsupported by family, friends, and society for being LGBT, which was correlated with the frequency of direct (verbal) abuse they had previously endured. The final part of this study explores trans people's confidence levels in the Government, the police, and the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) in relation to addressing hate crime. In general, trans people felt that the police are not effective at policing anti-LGBT hate crime, and they are not respectful toward them as victims; this was especially true where individuals had previous contact with the police. Respondents were also less confident in the CPS to prosecute anti-LGBT hate crimes, though the level of confidence was slightly higher when respondents had direct experience with the CPS. The empirical evidence presented here supports the assertion that all LGBT people, but particularly trans individuals, continue to be denied equal participation in society due to individual, social, and structural experiences of prejudice. The article concludes by arguing for a renewed policy focus that must address this issue as a public health problem.

This paper discusses on the growing concern about the consequences of climate change, and the increase in the rate of natural disasters around the world, it becomes very important for the world to witness a great shift in the use of energy. Many solutions appeared to prevent the environment from climate change. This solution varies from developing new mechanisms and technologies to generate less CO2 from fossil fuel such as energy efficiency concept in automotive, cement and petrochemical industries. Shifting from oil to gas in some industries like electricity generation and renewable energy which is the main focus of this research. In Malaysia, renewable energy considers as a fifth source of energy. Different types of renewable energy have been used in various sectors. The aim of this research is to understand the level of renewable energy in Malaysia, the rules and regulations that have helped green technology to flourish in Malaysia, and finally how the automotive industry responses to the changes in the business environment to meet the challenge of climate change. Four research questions have developed to achieve the aim of this research. In designing this research two methods have implemented; focused literature review and multiple case studies to understand the beginning of the awareness towards climate change as well as the current situation of the renewable energy in Malaysia, literature review is a crucial factor to achieve the research aim. Multiple case studies will be followed in this research. To have in depth understanding of renewable energy in Malaysia, case study is important. The findings of this research suggest that Green technology in Malaysia still in the developing stage. The investment in green products is too high which needs to consider in relation with market size. Malaysian government is playing the major role in supporting green concept. in terms of the public awareness, more actions need to be taken to encourage more consumers to consider green products\ services and their first choice.

This year we celebrate150 years of Marx's Das Kapital and 100 years of the October Revolution. This coincidence, however, only further highlights the utter incommensurability between these two events, between the theoretical and the practical achievements of Marxist and communist thinking. As Slavoj Žižek suggests, there is something of a "parallax" between the critique of political economy and the political activity in Marxism, so that the proper engagement with one of the two tends to reduce the other to an inconsistent or even hopeless endeavour1. Usually, this is not taken as problematic, mostly because we are used to understanding Marx's work as concerning the social organization of capitalism, while the work of revolutionaries would concern itself mostly with the dis-organization of this same society – so, for a while, we could compatibilize the objective temporality of the crises of capitalism with the subjective temporality of the political opportunity, the cyclical and the periodical points of view. However, today when the management of perpetual social and economic crises has become a form of government and we can no longer afford the luxury of concerning ourselves solely with how to undo or deconstruct pre-established orders and norms, the problem of social organization suddenly emerges – perhaps for the first time – as an urgent and central concern of anti-capitalist militant practice. Rather than wait for us on the other side of an insurrection, the problem of how to relate our critical theory of capitalism and a constructive, affirmative view of social relations poses itself now, as a contemporary challenge. To recognize the emergence of this problem is, however, to also recognize this incommensurability, identified by Žižek, between Marxist theory and communist practice: between our conceptual resources – developed in view of rendering capitalism intelligible – and our practical experience – focused mostly on the interruption of pre-existing social orders.

The tourist development of Greece began in the '50s to become one of the main sources of income, both nationally and locally, since many areas are the main source of tourism revenue. The concepts of sustainability and viability of this product and its operation, is being strongly marked recent decades in many conferences, notices, and scientific research. Greece established 30 Management Bodies to integrated management of protected areas belonging to this network. One of the main problems faced by operators in their pursuit of these objectives to be achieved is use of these areas by visitors, whose presence is particularly strong in coastal locations. Meanwhile, tourism trends in recent years have changed, resulting in more and more visitors are directed to areas that retain as much as possible intact their natural environment, which, as already mentioned, has contributed to the development of ecotourism. Comparatively, governments are pushing the parks to make more dynamic the tourism as a means of saving money to make them as independent, sustainable and self-reliant as possible. This results in the Protected Areas at risk of losing their authenticity if not properly managed the tourists from their managers. Others focus on the principles of sustainability and viability and others give concrete forms of tourism in this alternative formula, including for example ecotourism and agrotourism. The benefits anticipated from the influence on the existing tourism development, the development of better relations with local operators and those involved in the tourism sector and a holistic approach in terms of management of the protected area in the field of management. This paper investigates the profile of tourists in the National Marine Park of Alonissos, gets a swot analysis to identify the problems and benefits of the region and are proposed a number of items reference the ecotourism marketing.

Civil society organisations (CSOs) play a prominent role in influencing national, regional and international policies. They are a key player in democratic societies, have shown to complement (and even replace) governments when it comes to health delivery and provision of services, and have gradually become global players as a result of globalisation. The focus of this study is the policy work of European CSOs representing (directly or indirectly) patients, and which normally act on behalf of national CSOs. The study aims to assess how successful civil society is in representing patients at the EU level and whether this representation has led to policy change. The dissertation explores factors that may influence the success of CSOs when advocating for EU health policies. A two-fold method has been adopted. The first element includes a review of scientific (28 articles were fully read and others consulted). The second element includes 14 semi-structured interviews conducted with high level stakeholders, 12 with representatives from CSOs working at the European policy level and two with officials working for institutions that develop and implement policies (i.e. policy-makers). Findings suggest that it is difficult to measure the influence of CSOs in EU health due to the abstract nature of policy work and the policy process, which is not linear. Moreover, the number of interactions and collaborations that exist are complex in nature hence difficult to map and analyse. Although there are challenges that both CSOs and policy-makers face in relation to patient participation in the development and implementation of policy, a number of success stories were provided showing that CSOs play an instrumental role in EU and national health policy. Although the complexity of EU advocacy makes generalisations difficult, patterns were found in interviews such as the way partnerships and coalitions are built, the way challenges are addressed and the way CSOs adapt to policy change. Future research is needed to explore in-depth ...

Luego de la crisis del año 2001 Argentina gozo de un superávit fiscal durante seis años, pasado este tiempo comenzó un creciente déficit fiscal que fue financiado principalmente con emisión monetaria provocando el aumento sostenido del nivel general de precios a partir del año 2009. El BCRA cuenta con un instrumento de regulación monetaria llamado LEBAC, siendo estas un título de deuda que se utiliza para absorber ese dinero emitido y hacer que el aumento de los precios sea más lento. El año 2014 fue un año clave para el Banco Central porque comenzó a absorber en forma creciente los pesos emitidos por medio de las LEBACs, llegando a la actualidad a un porcentaje alarmante en relación a la Base Monetaria.El presente trabajo pretende analizar los peligros que representa para el gobierno utilizar desmedidamente este instrumento, debido al alto costo financiero que genera su continua renovación.AbstractAfter the economical crisis in 2001, Argentina enjoyed a public surplus for six years. After that, a growing public deficit began which was mainly financed by issuing money, causing a sustained increase in prices since 2009.The Central Bank has a monetary regulation instrument called LEBAC, this is debt instrument used to absorb issued money and to slow the increase of prices. 2014 was a key year for the Central Bank because it began to absorb increasing amounts of money issued by the LEBACs, which has reached today an alarming rate in relation to the high-powered money.This paper aims to analyze the dangers posed to the inordinate use of this instrument by the government because of, among other things, the high financial costs that its continual renewal generates.Key Words: Central Bank; LEBACs; High-Powered Money; Public Deficit; Absorb of Money; Central bank Quasi-Fiscal Deficit; Inflation

Consumption of raw or inadequately cooked pork meat may result in trichinellosis, a human disease due to nematodes of the genus Trichinella. In many countries worldwide, individual control of pig carcasses at meat inspection is mandatory but incurs high costs in relation to absence of positive carcasses from pigs reared under controlled housing. EU regulation 2015/1375 implements an alternative risk-based approach, in view of absence of positive findings in pigs under controlled housing conditions. Moreover, Codex Alimentarius guidelines for the control of Trichinella spp. in meat of suidae have been published (CAC, 2015) and used in conjunction with the OIE terrestrial Animal health code, to provide guidance to governments and industry on risk based control measures to prevent human exposure to Trichinella spp. and to facilitate international pork trade. To further support such a risk-based approach, we model the risk of human trichinellosis due to consumption of meat from infected pigs, raised under non-controlled housing and wild boar, using Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) methods. Our model quantifies the distribution of Trichinella muscle larve (ML) in swine, test sensitivity at carcass control, partitioning of edible pork parts, Trichinella ML distribution in edible muscle types, heat inactivation by cooking and portion sizes. The resulting exposure estimate is combined with a dose response model for Trichinella species to estimate the incidence of human illness after consumption of infected meat. Paramater estimation is based on experimental and observational datasets. In Poland, which served as example, we estimated an average incidence of 0.90 (95%CI: 0.00-3.68) trichinellosis cases per million persons per year (Mpy) due to consumption of pork from pigs that were reared under non-controlled housing, and 1.97 (95%CI: 0.82-4.00) cases per Mpy due to consumption of wild boar. The total estimated incidence of human trichinellosis attributed to pigs from non-controlled housing and wild boar in ...

Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales. Maestría en Derecho ; The public service born from the man becomes sedentary and requires regulations (laws) and regulatory (public servants) of human relations, seeking around the common good. Human nature favors the pursuit of personal gain, but the government should consist of persons of high moral character, allowing them to stay away from that temptation and be able to comply fully with a view to seeking the good of the community. The natural difficulty of the unrestricted fulfillment of the target state, necessitates the existence of legal rules governing, among other aspects of life in society, the conduct to be observed by members of the public, administration known as public servants, to fully comply its mission, under the principles of legality, honesty, transparency, loyalty, institutional, impartiality and efficiency in public service. Therefore it should be clear about who they are public servants, which behaviors are considered crimes committed by them and must suffer consequences those who engage in such conduct. The diversity of public service obligations and personal relationships between civil servants, often inhibit the implementation of legally normed consequences. ; El servicio púbico nace a partir de que el hombre se hace sedentario y requiere de regulaciones (leyes) y reguladores (servidores públicos) de las relaciones humanas, procurando en todo el bien común. La naturaleza humana propicia la búsqueda del beneficio personal, sin embargo el gobierno debe estar constituido por personas de alta moral, que les permita mantenerse alejados de esa tentación y sean capaces de dar cabal cumplimiento al objeto de la búsqueda del bien de la comunidad. La dificultad natural del cumplimiento irrestricto del objetivo del estado, hace necesario la existencia de normas jurídicas que regulan, entre otros aspectos de la vida en sociedad, las conductas que deben observar los integrantes de la administración pública, conocidos como servidores públicos, para cumplir ...

Facultad de Contaduría y Ciencias Administrativas. Maestría en Administración ; The role that financial information has in making decisions of any company is fundamental, sometimes we can find companies with strong appearances, which when performing an analysis of their financial information, we find red spots that must be taken care of. Decisions of indebtedness or investment are undoubtedly decisions that must be made based on a serious and objective analysis that emanates from an adequate financial analysis. Thus, financial information is the set of data that are issued in relation to the activities derived from the use and management of financial resources assigned to an entity. It is that information that produces the accounting which is indispensable for the administration and the development of the companies, and therefore must be processed and concentrated for the use of the users of the same. The users of the financial information can be defined as internal and external, the internal ones being those that are within the company, such as shareholders, administrators, employees, etc., and external ones that are outside the company. Company, such as banks, government, suppliers, etc. The company selected for research is a transnational company of more or less recent appearance in the international scope of Colombian capital TEAM FOODS S.A. Of C.V., in regards to our country, has its birth in 2007, through the purchase of a company of tradition in the local area, this company is Tron Hermanos S.A. Of C.V. With the above and in the context of a processed food market, it is considered interesting to carry out an analysis of the financial information of the company, information that has been obtained from various websites specialized in the subject. ; El papel que la información financiera tiene en la toma de decisiones de toda empresa es fundamental, en ocasiones podemos encontrarnos con empresas aparentemente fuertes, las cuales al realizar un análisis de su información financiera, nos encontramos con focos ...

Als Folge des Brexit steht eine Neuausrichtung der Handelsbeziehungen zwischen dem Vereinigten Königreich mit der Europäischen Union ganz oben auf der politischen Agenda der britischen Regierung. Hiervon wären insbesondere auch die deutschen Agrar- und Nahrungsmittelmärkte betroffen, für die das Vereinigte Königreich (VK) einen bedeutsamen Handelspartner darstellt. Um die möglichen Auswirkungen eines Brexit auf die deutsche Agrar- und Nahrungsmittelindustrie abzuschätzen, wurde in dieser Studie mit einem Handelsmodell ein ,,Extremszenario'' berechnet, bei dem sowohl das VK als auch die EU MFN-Zölle auf ihre jeweiligen Importgüter erheben. Dies hätte zur Folge, dass zwischen der EU und dem VK in etwa die gleichen Zölle herrschen würden, wie derzeit beispielsweise zwischen USA und China. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich der Agrarhandelsüberschuss mit dem Vereinigten Königreich in diesem Szenario um 700 Mio. € verringern würde. Legt man den Fokus auf einzelne Güter-gruppen, wird deutlich, dass die heimische Schweine- und Geflügelfleisch- sowie die Milch-industrie zusammen mit den vorgelagerten Lieferbereichen am stärksten von einem Brexit betroffen wären. Durch den Rückgang der Handelsmengen bedingt, sinkt der Produktionswert von Schweine- und Geflügelfleisch um über 2 % und der von Milchprodukten um über 1 %. ; In the wake of Brexit the readjustment of the British trade relations with the rest of the EU is of high priority to the British government led by Theresa May. Being an important trading partner for agri-food products, Germany would by highly impacted by a Brexit. To investigate the possible impact of a Brexit on the German agri-food sectors we employ a computable general equilibrium model and assume the reciprocal implementation of MFN tariffs by the EU and the UK as an extreme scenario. This implies that UK and EU would charge the same tariffs on each others' imports as it is the case for trade between US and China. The results indicate a reduction in the German trade surplus of agri-food products with the UK of about 700 Mio. €. Looking at the different sectors it becomes clear that the local pig and poultry as well as the milk industry are harmed most by a Brexit. The reduction in trade value causes a decrease in production value of more than 2 % of pig and poultry meat and of 1 % for dairy products.

Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas y Empresariales. Políticas Públicas ; Career professional service it was constituted in México in the year 2003 as public policy means to enter the federal government, based on the principles of competition based on merit and impartiality, principles that identify an orthodox model of public function. The papers about career professional service performance, evidence a low level of consolidation of the system in relation to administrative problems, leadership and political interference, as well as the permanence of public servants in the system. At the present thesis work it was postulated as principal objective to research, analyze and evaluate the main causes that prevented the consolidation of professional career service in the federal public administration in México from 2005 to 2015 period. During the project a qualitative and quantitative research has been conducted to achieve the objectives, a comparative analysis of non-experimental groups was made in order to identify the effectiveness of the public policy, based on the following explanatory variables: objectivity, competence based on merit and impartiality, identified in the areas of human resources and technical committee. The database used in the research was generated from the application of 2,077 elements in two observation groups (A&B), randomly selected samples from a total universe of 66,304 public contest in the period from 2005 to 2015. ; El servicio profesional de carrera se constituyó en México en el año 2003 como una herramienta de política pública para el acceso, ingreso y permanecía de capital humano en la administración pública federal con base en los principios de igualdad de oportunidades y competencia por mérito como principios fundamentales que describen un modelo ortodoxo de función pública de carácter apolítico y orientado a la especialización de funciones. La bibliografía que evidencia el desempeño del servicio profesional de carrera, demuestra un bajo grado de consolidación identificado ...