Suchergebnisse

The federal government of the United States imposes a legal limit on its debt under an old system of fiscal control. Because the government operates close to that limit and also has been operating with a sizable deficit, this statutory limit must be regularly raised. Although Congress approves the spending programs and revenue structure that produces the deficit, in recent years some members of that body have chosen to use the debt limit as a method of controlling deficit increases. However, constraining debt increases does not constrain spending, but rather only constrains the ability to pay the bills for the spending. That constraint, after spending has occurred, creates the prospect of default and endangers the national credit rating. ; Jungtinių Amerikos Valstijų federalinė vyriausybė naudoja teisinį skolos limitą kaip senos fiskalinės kontrolės sistemos priemonę. Kadangi valstybė vykdo savo finansinę veiklą arti nustatyto limito ir nuolat turi nemažą biudžeto deficitą, limitą reikia reguliariai padidinti. Nors kongresas patvirtina tokio lygio biudžeto išlaidas ir pajamų struktūrą, kad biudžetas būna deficitinis, pastaraisiais metais kai kurie kongreso nariai sumanė panaudoti skolos limitą kaip deficito didėjimo kontrolės priemonę. Tačiau skolos apribojimas nesumažina išlaidų. Skolos limitas tik apriboja galimybę laiku apmokėti sąskaitas. Toks apribojimas po to, kai išlaidos jau padarytos, padidina skolos negrąžinimo tikimybę ir kelia pavojų valstybės kredito reitingui.

"Embracing statistical exhibits, with diagrams of the agricultural, industrial, mercantile, and other interests of the state, together with . water powers, etc., etc." (varies) ; "Embracing statistical exhibits, with diagrams of the agricultural, industrial, mercantile, and other interests of the state, together with . water powers, etc., etc." (varies) ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Continued by: Kansas. State Board of Agriculture. Biennial report of the Kansas State Board of Agriculture, to the Legislature of the State. ; Continues: Kansas. State Board of Agriculture. Annual report of the State Board of Agriculture to the Legislature of the State of Kansas.

[p. 2] ; column 3 ; 2 ¾ col. in. ; Mr. Boyd has asked the House of Representatives to admit the State of Deseret into the Union or to provide another form of civil government.

This book revolves around one central question: do political dynamics have a systematic and predictable influence on distributional outcomes in the United States? The answer is a resounding yes. Utilizing data from mass income surveys, elite surveys and aggregate time series, as well as theoretical insights from both American and comparative politics, Kelly shows that income inequality is a fundamental part of the US macro political system. Shifts in public opinion, party control of government and the ideological direction of policy all have important consequences for distributional outcomes. Specifically, shifts to the left produce reductions in inequality through two mechanisms - explicit redistribution and market conditioning. Whereas many previous studies focus only on the distributional impact of redistribution, this book shows that such a narrow strategy is misguided. In fact, market mechanisms matter far more than traditional redistribution in translating macro political shifts into distributional outcomes

"Embracing statistical exhibits, with diagrams, in colors, of the agricultural, industrial, mercantile, and other interests of the state, together with . etc., etc." ; Report year ends Nov. 30. ; Centennial edition of the Fourth annual report of the State Board of Agriculture issued as a revised edition of the Annual report of the Transactions of the State Board of Agriculture for the year 1875. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Continued by: Kansas. State Board of Agriculture. Biennial report of the State Board of Agriculture to the Legislature of the State of Kansas. ; Continues: Kansas. State Board of Agriculture. Annual report to the Legislature of Kansas.

In highly decentralized political systems such as in Italy and the United States of America (US), the global financial crises beginning in 2008 gave way to a more assertive role of the central government in policy areas including health. In the Italian National Health Service, the central government intensified cost containment, partially recentralizing policy‐making and limiting the autonomy of Regions with high deficits. In the predominantly private health system of the US, crisis ushered in dramatic federal health reform in 2010. This study asks, what role did financial crisis and an analogous intergovernmental context surrounding health care play in explaining the (re)centralization observed between two highly divergent health system types? We examine evidence particularly with a view to the concept of regulatory hybridization (Rothgang et al., 2010) and the larger explanatory model of health care system change put forth by Schmid, Cacace, Götze and Rothgang (2010) and Frisina Doetter, Götze, Schmid, Cacace and Rothgang (2015). In doing so, we explore the relationship between functionalist vs. contextual variables embedded within the model. Our findings highlight the necessity to revise the concept of regulatory hybridization to allow for greater analytical focus on territorial shifts in power to understand developments in decentralized health care systems.

Many Christians feel that they are being opposed at every turn by what seems to be a well-orchestrated political and cultural campaign to de-Christianize every aspect of Western culture. They are right, and it goes even further back than the Obama Administration. In Worshipping the State: How Government is Replacing Religion, Benjamin Wiker argues that it is liberals who seek to establish an official state religion: one of unbelief. Wiker reveals that it was never the intention of the Founders to drive religion out of the public square with the First Amendment, but centuries of secularists and liberals have deliberately misinterpreted the establishment clause to serve their own ends: the de-Christianization of Western civilization. The result, they hope, is government as the new oracle. Personal faith in a deity is replaced with collective dependence on government, and the diversity of religious practices and dogmas is reduced to a uniform ideological agenda. The strategy is two-pronged: drive religion out of the public square through law and by encouraging popular derision of the faithful; then, in religion's place, erect the Church of the State to fill the human need for a higher power to look up to. But what was done can be undone. Outlining a simple, step-by-step strategy for disestablishing the state church of secularism, Worshiping the State shows the full historical sweep of the war to those on the Christian side of the cultural battle--and as a consequence of this far more complete vantage, how to win it.

Cover -- Contents -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- 1. Beyond the Developmental State: An Introduction - Ben Fine -- 2. The Rise and Fall of the Developmental State? The Case of the Japanese and South Korean Steel Industries - Jajime Sato -- 3. An Alternative Perspective on Industrial Policy: The Case of the South Korean Car Industry - Kwon-Hyung Lee -- 4. Labour and the 'Developmental State': A Critique of the Developmental State Theory of Labour - Dae-oup Chang -- 5. What of the Developmental State beyond Catching Up? The Case of the South Korean Microelectronics Industry - Humam Al-Jazaeri -- 6. Globalisation and the Decline of the Developmental State - Iain Pirie -- 7. The IT Industry and Interventionist Policy in India - Jyoti Saraswati -- 8. Lessons for Nigeria from Developmental States: The Role of Agriculture in Structural Transformation - Eka Ikpe -- 9. Finance and the Developmental State: The Case of Argentina - Daniela Tavasci -- 10. Systems of Accumulation and the Evolving South African MEC - Sam Ashman, Ben Fine and Susan Newman -- References -- Contributors -- Index.

The present critical stage of inter-American relations offers a timely occasion for an inquiring glance at the Organization of American States (OAS). For more than half a century—and particularly during the last two decades—the United States has increasingly adapted its policy toward Latin America to the principles and procedures of the Organization of American States, confident that such an approach would best serve our long-range objectives in the hemisphere. Yet the varying responses which the United States has gained from the regional agency when problems of high importance have been submitted to it constitute one of the most confusing aspects of our hemisphere relations. The last few years have provided a striking illustration of this point.

The state and local tax treatment of the elderly varies significantly from state to state. In this article, we analyze the differences in effective tax rates for the state personal income tax for elderly versus non‐elderly taxpayers. We find that in a majority of states, the average effective tax rate facing the elderly is significantly lower than that of non‐elderly taxpayers. The consequences of this tax rate difference may impact long‐term state income tax revenues as the elderly population continues to grow.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the place of religion in civil society and how that relates to the problem of social order.Design/methodology/approachAn exploratory comparative case study was conducted of flood relief in Mumbai with the relief following theKatrinadisaster in the summer of 2005, using a qualitative content analysis of regional media documents.FindingsA more fluid and less clearly defined division between religion and government in the USA was found that created opportunities by which a much larger response by religious institutions occurred. Religiously‐based disaster relief in the US case is conducted more through groups and networks, while in the Indian case, religious‐based relief takes place more through values and norms. These conditions led to more immediate social order following the floods in Mumbai but less intensive cooperation and coordination that was not tied to religious institutions. AfterKatrinain the US case, coordination and cooperation were less immediate but of higher intensity and explicitly tied to religious institutions.Research limitations/implicationsThis research offers new categories for understanding the role of religion in civil society by focusing on disaster relief in a comparative manner, proposing a framework based on qualitative and exploratory research for pursuing more deductive and explanatory quantitative analyses in the future.Originality/valueFinally, instead of assuming religion as either a source of conflict or a source of social order, dependent on the nature of a given religious group, this paper shows the additional complexity and variation in social order that is dependent on the relationship between religion and state and the social context in a given time and place.

This volume probes the intersections between the fields of social movements and nonviolent resistance. Bringing together a range of studies focusing on protest movements around the world, it explores the overlaps and divergences between the two research concentrations, considering the dimensions of nonviolent strategies in repressive states, the means of studying them, and conditions of success of nonviolent resistance in differing state systems. In setting a new research agenda, it will appeal to scholars in sociology and political science who study social movements and nonviolent protest.