Suchergebnisse

Sowohl in Europa als auch im Mittleren Osten war der 11. September 2001 kein Bruch in der Entwicklung des Anti-Amerikanismus, wohl aber ein wichtiger und entscheidender Katalysator. Im europäischen Raum etwa wird die Schuld an den Anschlägen des 11. Septembers indirekt den Vereinigten Staaten selbst zugewiesen. Deren wiederholte Interventionen, imperiales Gebaren und geostrategische, vor allem ökonomische Interessen werden in den anti-amerikanischen intellektuellen Zirkeln Europas als der sinnstiftende Kontext des 11. September interpretiert. Dass Barack Obama weder den Irak-Krieg noch das Engagement in Afghanistan umgehend beendete, erklärt dann auch den anhaltenden, beziehungsweise rasch wieder einsetzenden Popularitätsverlust in Europa. Es ist diese vermeintliche Solidarisierung mit den Gesellschaften des Mittleren Ostens, die den europäischen Anti-Amerikanismus mit demjenigen dieser Region verbindet. Der Anti-Amerikanismus in seiner gegenwärtigen Form bezieht seine Kraft aus einer paradox anmutenden Verbindung beider Anti-Amerikanismen: aus politisch motivierter Zurückweisung der Moderne im Nahen und Mittleren Osten und einer Kritik an den Vereinigten Staaten in Europa, die den politischen Begriff der Moderne an sich schon als imperialistisch ablehnt. (ICB2)

The Jews are at once privileged and peculiar, possibly blessed, regularly cursed. So why have a few million human beings, of differing appearance, allegiance and ideology been lumped together as 'The Enemy' in so many programmes for salvation, in this world and the next? The rejection of Jesus turned 'the Chosen' into 'the Damned', and in this sense, the rise of Christianity and the damnation of the Jews went hand in hand. Yet both Christianity and Islam cannot entirely deny that their doctrines are based on Judaism. Religious pundits have claimed that the doctrine of anti-Semitism is a feature of the Enlightenment. Now, years later, what Hitler failed to do, others wish to complete. Anti-Judaism had a successor in anti-Semitism, and anti-Semitism has in turn mutated into anti-Israelism. Israel, like 'the Jew', is the target of choice for those who hope to be covered in glory by casting the first stone. In this extraordinary, powerful polemic, celebrated writer Frederic Raphael looks back through two millennia of persecution, explaining not only exactly why it is people have been killing Jews for so long, but how this religion continues to survive and flourish in spite of this history of violence

Runit Dome is an eighteen-inch thick concrete dome covering the buried nuclear waste from twenty-three atomic tests conducted by the US military in the 1940s and '50s in Pikinni Atoll in the Marshall Islands. Known to locals as "The Tomb," it is leaking into the Pacific Ocean, in part because of the rising sea levels produced by global warming. Runit Dome brings climate change into direct relation with the legacies of nuclear imperialism in the Marshall Islands. This essay examines how Cold War securitization paradigms problematically inform the ecological management strategies developed by international policy-making entities such as the United Nations in the mid-twentieth century. While much literary and cultural scholarship on the rise of the nuclear age has focused on the concomitant rise of insecurities about body and environment under the duress of wartime, this essay crafts a different but intertwined history, showing how the transformation of the Pacific Ocean into a nuclear testing ground was parlayed into governmental projects for the remaking of life itself under the auspices of risk management. Military-backed and government-funded scientific experiments with nuclear and other weapons throughout the Pacific suggest a new phase in US imperial world-making, as the ecologies of waters, islands, sea creatures, and Pacific Islanders were turned into experimental materials for modeling shifts in social and ecological forms of governance. When environmental protections take for granted concepts such as enclosure, risk management, and Enlightenment formulations of property-owning and rights-bearing subjects, they manifest a settler environmentalism that too easily paves the way for capitalist regeneration under the aegis of eco-development projects rather than systemic change that understands human, nonhuman, and environment to be always already in relation. To break from perpetually extractive relations to land, sea, and life, Kathy Jetñil-Kijiner's video poem "Anointed" models how environmental futures must reckon with the causes of past and ongoing harm, and this essay concludes with a brief reflection on this poet-activist's work.

Identifies the major environmental groups which mobilized against two major water transfer schemes in Soviet Central Asia. Partial contents: Utilitarian environmentalism: the obstacles to conservation; Populist environmentalism: participation reconsidered; Nationalist environmentalism: back to the village.

Extremismus gilt als Bedrohung der modernen demokratischen Gesellschaft, er hat das Potenzial zur Zerstörung der offenen Gesellschaft, bewirkt Angst und den Wunsch, sich zu schützen. Demokratieschutz ist der Sinn anti-extremistischer Maßnahmen staatlicher und gesellschaftlicher Akteure. Der Anti-Extremismus lässt sich verstehen als Gesamtheit von Aktivitäten, die gegen den Extremismus gerichtet sind und die, die Absicht haben, die Demokratie zu erhalten oder zu entwickeln. Der Beitrag geht auf die Begriffe und Konzeptionen von Extremismus und Anti-Extremismus ein, erläutert Staatskonzeption und Anti-Extremismus sowie anti-extremistische Policy-Netzwerke. (ICB2)

Systematic investigation of attitudes expressed in Arabic on Twitter towards the United States and Iran during 2012–13 shows how the analysis of social media can illuminate the politics of contemporary political discourses and generates an informative analysis of anti-Americanism in the Middle East. We not only analyze overall attitudes, but using a novel events-based analytical strategy, we examine reactions to specific events, including the removal of Mohamed Morsi in Egypt, theInnocence of Muslimsvideo, and reactions to possible U.S. intervention in Syria. We also examine the Boston Marathon bombings of April 2013, in which the United States suffered damage from human beings, and Hurricane Sandy, in which it suffered damage from nature. Our findings reinforce evidence from polling that anti-Americanism is pervasive and intense, but they also suggest that this animus is directed less toward American society than toward the impingement of the United States on other countries. Arabic Twitter discourses about Iran are at least as negative as discourses about the United States, and less ambivalent. Anti-Americanism may be a specific manifestation of a more general phenomenon: resentment toward powerful countries perceived as interfering in national and regional affairs.

Anti-Semitism has featured in the history of Western civilisation since the Greeks. What the twentieth century has seen through the lens of the holocaust has been happening for over 3000 years. Dan Cohn-Sherbok traces the origins of anti-Semitism and its manifestations, from political opposition to racial persecution, Cohn-Sherbok describes Jewish emancipation from the late eighteenth century and its gradul transformation into the parallel political and nationalistic ideal of Zionism. This book offers a clear and readable account of why anti-Semitism has featured so strongly in world history a

A t certain times and places we come across special forms of language generated by some kind of anti‐society; these we may call "anti‐languages." An anti‐language serves to create and maintain social structure through conversation, just as an everyday language does; but the social structure is of a particular kind, in which certain elements are strongly foregrounded. This gives to the anti‐language a special character in which metaphorical modes of expression are the norm; patterns of this kind appear at all levels, phonological, lexicogrammatical, and semantic. The study of anti‐languages offers further insights into the relation between language and social structure, and into the way in which text functions in the realization of social contexts.

AbstractDebates over the "death of environmentalism" juxtapose two approaches to environmental advocacy: an issues-based environmentalism that relies on technocratic, legal, scientific, policy-oriented and issue-specific advocacy activities and an ethics-based environmentalism that has as its primary focus the promotion of deep-seated changes in individual and societal values and behavior as they pertain to stewardship of the earth. The latter is presented both as a critique of the former and as a road map for a more effective environmental movement. This study documents the practice and challenges of ethics-based environmentalism through an analysis of the religious-environmental movement in the United States. Interviews with forty-two U.S.-based religious-environmental organizations revealed that the majority of these groups see themselves as engaged in an ethics-based environmentalism grounded in frameworks that tie God to nature and emphasize action, community, and justice. Groups also identified some of the challenges inherent in ethics-based environmental advocacy, including the need to confront societal norms, work on long time horizons, access funding, recruit support, and measure and document success.