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Originally published in 1970. Two major changes have characterised science in the twentieth century. Firstly, there has been its rapid growth. Secondly, and central to the theme his book - science is no longer mainly an academic activity carried on in universities. Industry will soon be the largest employer of scientists. This book deals with issues of bureaucracy in science threatening its creativity and the failure of industry to recruit the best graduates, as well as what attracts people to study science

This paper addresses the status of knowledge in the field of management and organization studies. It commends Habermas's theory of knowledge-constitutive interests as a way of enhancing the self-understanding of this field. Challenging the idea of science as the generator of value-free knowledge, Habermas associates the production of scientific knowledge with three types of cognitive interest: in prediction and control, in mutual understanding, and in emancipation. Habermas's theory of cognitive interests is critically reviewed before demonstrating its relevance for management and organization studies in general. The argument is also illustrated by more detailed reference to the subfield of operational research. It is argued that Habermas's understanding of knowledge production has considerable value in problematizing the claims, and appreciating the emancipatory potential, of sciences guided by each of the three cognitive interests. There remains, however, the question of how the insights of critical scientific analysis can be translated into emancipatory praxis. The discussion of critical social science incorporates some reflections on this issue.

SOCIAL SCIENTISTS TEND TO WORRY ABOUT RAINSING THIS LEVEL OF INTRISIC USEFULNESS OF SPCEIFIC STUDIES WHILE GOVERNMENT PEOPLE TEND TO FOCUS ON INCREASING POLITICAL USEFULNESS. BOTH GROUPS SEEM TO OVERLOOK THE NEGATIVE IMPACT THEIR REFORM MIGHT HAVE ON THE INTELLECTUAL USEFULNESS OF RESEARCH PROGRAMS.

The school takes inspiration from the EU H2020 SwafS CoAct (Co-designing Citizen Social Science for Collective Action) project's experiences and partners. It aims to invigorate the academic community around a wide set of Citizen Social Science practices while providing a critical view on their strengths and challenges. The participant will have the opportunity to learn aspects related to the following elements: • Review of transdisciplinary aspects to Citizen Social Science (Open Science, Ethical Research, Digital participation, Evaluation and Policy Impact) • Practical examples of Citizen Social Science practices where groups in a vulnerable situation are acting as Co-Researchers • Portfolio of collaborative participatory research models (interdisciplinary, intersectoral and international) • Practical tools to maximize success and minimize challenges of Citizen Social Science • Development of an international network of peers • Strategies to be inclusive in a Citizen Science project S0: In this session, Citizen Science will be introduced jointly with the current discussions on how social dimension shall be considered and on how academics from the social sciences are currently shaping Citizen Social Science. CoAct vision will also be introduced. CoAct understands Citizen Social Science as participatory research co-designed and directly driven by citizen groups sharing a social concern. It combines equal collaboration between citizen groups (Co-Researchers) that share a social concern, and academic researchers. The session will end up with a summary of the State-of-the-Art CoAct deliverable.

Discusses the historical & current relationship between the social sciences, the scientific method, & postmodern theory. Drawing on the methodology & conclusions of Galileo, modern science has attempted to reduce the distance between science & reality through objective methodology & heightened rationality. It is argued here that the scientific method relies more on the choice of appropriate language & vocabulary than on actual correspondence between methodology & fact. Social scientists have traditionally adopted this skewed approach to life through the scientific method, which blurs rather than reveals reality. The boundaries between explanation & understanding, or nature & humanity, have little meaning in the real world, & it is suggested that the social sciences must be seen as continuous with literature, history, anthropology, politics, etc. Both Thomas Dewey & Michel Foucault advocate rejection of traditional notions of rationality, objectivity, method, & truth. However, it is concluded that Dewey's vocabulary allows more room for hope & solidarity within the social sciences. T. Sevier

Social Science Research Network (SSRN) is composed of a number of specialized research networks in the social sciences. Topics covered by networks include accounting, economics, financial economics, legal scholarship, and management (including negotiation and marketing). These networks encourage the rapid distribution of research by publishing submitted abstracts and soliciting abstracts of top quality research papers around the world. Journals, publishers, and other cooperating institutions provide working papers for distribution through SSRN's eLibrary and abstracts for publication in SSRN's electronic journals. Networks encourage communication among readers, authors and other subscribers concerning their own and others' research. The SSRN eLibrary consists of an abstract database containing abstracts of scholarly working papers and forthcoming papers and an electronic paper collection of downloadable full text documents in pdf format. Access to the database and collection is free; some services may require registration or fees

In 1977 the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences was formed, with 21 institutes covering a variety of areas. The fundamental principles guiding social science research conducted by this institute & other Chinese agencies include integration of theory & practice & the encouragement of diverse viewpoints. While this second policy was suppressed during the Cultural Revolution, it is now once again being supported. W. H. Stoddard.