Suchergebnisse

Erinnerungsorte sind Orte im übertragenen Sinn: Sie manifestieren sich vielfältig und unterschiedlich und stellen sich als Kristallisationspunkte der kollektiven Erinnerung und Identität dar. Die im Buch beschriebenen Erinnerungsorte sind eine subjektive Auswahl, können aber für die Bundeswehr mit ihren Wurzeln, ihrer Vorgeschichte und aus ihrer Existenz heraus als identitätsstiftend und damit traditionsbildend angesehen werden. Sie haben das kollektive Bewusstsein geprägt. Die Texte stellen Personen vor, deren Denken und Wirken für die Bundeswehr grundlegend und bedeutsam sind. Sie schildern Ereignisse und ihre Folgen, die die Bundeswehr beschäftigt, mitunter auch verändert haben und oft noch heute nachwirken. Dies gilt auch für die dunklen Flecken in der Geschichte der Bundeswehr. Eine besondere Rolle haben die Schulen, Ausbildungseinrichtungen und Institutionen, die die Teilstreitkräfte und ihre Truppengattungen geformt haben, so das Gesicht der Bundeswehr prägten und ihre Leistungsfähigkeit und Professionalität begründen.

This work explores women's experiences of mental distress, disturbance and disabilities, and assesses how a variety of institutions impacts them. It presents primary research by a number of young scholars as well as other established researchers in the field of gender studies thereby contributing to women's studies by bringing the voices of women entrapped by the discourse of madness within sciences, legal systems, policies and the media.

This book focuses on digital institutions and the advanced technologies used on their basis, as well as their contribution to sustainable development in the unity of seventeen SDGs formulated by the UN, which is sequentially disclosed in six parts of the book. This book is dedicated to comprehensive coverage of the role of the digital economy in sustainable development and the offering of a set of scientific, methodological, and practical recommendations to increase the scale and effectiveness of this role. The first part explores the training of digital personnel for sustainable development, the second part reveals the regional features of Russia, and the third part describes the industry specifics of using digital technologies in entrepreneurship in support of sustainable development. The fourth part deals with financial, organizational, and managerial issues of using digital technologies in entrepreneurship in support of sustainable development, the fifth part is devoted to security, international factors, and risks, and the sixth part deals with the legal framework and state regulation of digital technologies and sustainable development institutions. The novelty of the book lies in its reliance on an institutional approach that allows rethinking and systematically studying the contribution of the digital economy to sustainable development. The book is aimed at scholars who will find in it an institutional understanding of the digital economy's support for sustainable development and ways to improve it. The secondary target audience of the book is the subject of managing the sustainable development of the digital economy. For them, the book contains relevant and illustrative examples from practice and applied recommendations.

This book sheds light on the central complexities of municipal cooperation and examines the dynamics, experiences and drivers of inter-municipal cooperation (IMC) in Europe. Particular attention is given to the features of governance arrangements and institutions created to generate and maintain collaborative settings between different local governments in a particular territory. The thematically grouped case studies presented here address the dearth of comprehensive and comparative analyses in recent scholarship. The authors provide fresh insights into the rise of inter-municipal cooperation and its evolution during a period of financial crisis and European Union enlargement. This includes critical examinations of the impact of austerity policies, the behavior and perceptions of key actors; and under-explored new member states. Crucially, this work goes beyond the comparison of institutional forms of IMC to address why the phenomenon so widespread and questions whether it is successful, manageable and democratic. This work which presents the most recent and innovative research on inter-local collaborative arrangements will appeal to practitioners as well as scholars of local government, public economy, public administration and policy.

There are three reasons for promoting mutual building societies: they are less prone than banks to pursue risky speculative activity; a mixed system produces a more stable financial sector; and a stronger mutual sector enhances competition within the financial system. The banking crisis highlighted the importance of retaining diverse models of financial service providers, and while mutuals were affected by the recession, they were not themselves responsible for causing the recession, as were private banks. The UK Government needs to secure a financial return for the failed financial institutions it nationalised and a low level of overall economic risk for the taxpayer. Given a trade-off, the long-run benefits of financial sustainability and reduced risk, plus enhanced competition, need to be given proper weighting compared with any short run gain through a trade sale and the repayment of the government's support. This paper focuses on the case of Northern Rock as the most suitable candidate for remutualisation, and whose disposal is under current consideration, but the analysis applies more widely.

There is a long-standing tradition in political science that conceives of & models evaluations of political actors in terms of issue distance. We now know that a basic distance at least partly accounts for judgments of sitting presidents. We do not know, however, whether such a model works equally well for the other government institutions in the US, namely, the Congress & the courts. Survey organizations simply do not ask respondents to provide placements of these government institutions, either on various issue dimensions or a single liberal-conservative continuum. In their 1997 pilot study, however, the ANES asked respondents to place the president, Congress, the Supreme Court, & government policy itself on a 7-point ideological scale. Using these data, it is possible to directly address whether the extent to which ideological distance structures political judgments of government institutions in the US. Our regression analyses indicate that a distance model works: the larger (smaller) the distance between an individual's placement of the institution & oneself, the lower (higher) the evaluation of the institution. The effect does differ across the institutions, however, & is most pronounced for President Bill Clinton, sharply lower for Congress, & not evident at all for the Supreme Court. These differences are understandable & appear to reflect differences in the structure, function, & salience of the institutions. 4 Tables, 34 References. Adapted from the source document.

This study unveils which factors affect decisions to fund Microfinance Institutions (MFIs). A quality-loyalty model is proposed to explain funder—MFI relationships. The role played by outreach and sustainability as perceived quality antecedents within a MFI has been studied. The model includes MFI transparency as an antecedent of trust. The proposed model is tested using a survey of 116 managers of MFI funding bodies. The analytical technique used to test the model is Partial Least Squares (PLS). The results suggest that both outreach and sustainability are important for MFI funders. The managerial implications for MFIs are discussed.

Ausgehend von seiner Arbeit "A Basic Model for Social Institutions" beschreibt der Autor in Abschnitt II ein allgemeines Modell für soziale Institutionen, das die wesentlichen Komponenten und somit die allgemeine Struktur sozialer Institutionen erfasst. In den Abschnitten III und IV dient dieses Modell als identitätsstiftende Grundlage für Überlegungen zur Entstehung und Veränderung von Institutionen.

The purpose of this article is twofold. Our first goal is to make explicit an institutionalist theory of European integration. This theory is based on the concept of "conditional agenda setting," which we argue has played an important role in European integration. According to this theory, the fact that Commission proposals are more easily accepted than modified by the Council has accelerated the pace of integration. This finding brings us to the second goal of this article which is to investigate, by studying the history of EU institutions, whether or not these institutions were the result of conscious planning. We demonstrate that while some of the founding fathers (Hallstein, Spaak) and opponents of the EU (de Gaulle) had an accurate understanding of the institutional structures created in Rome, later participants in the integration process did not. In particular, the arguments surrounding the Single European Act indicate a lack of understanding of the full implications of the institutions selected.

Purpose
This paper aims to describe a resolution process for faltering financial firms that quickly allocates losses to bondholders and transfers ownership of the firm to them. This process overcomes the most serious flaws in resolution plans submitted by banks under Dodd–Frank Title I and in the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) receivership procedure in Dodd–Frank Title II by restoring the balance sheet of a failing financial institution and immediately replacing the management and board of directors who allowed its demise.


Design/methodology/approach
Feasibility of the proposed resolution procedure is assessed by comparing long-term bonds outstanding for the largest American banks just before the 2008 crisis to the capital needed by these banks to restore their balance sheets after their losses prior to and during the crisis.


Findings
In almost all bank failures, this process would eliminate the need for government involvement beyond court certification of the reorganization. The procedure overcomes the serious incentive distortions and inefficiencies created by bailouts, and avoids the destruction of value and financial market turmoil that would result from the bankruptcies and liquidations that Dodd–Frank requires for distressed and failing banks.


Originality/value
Title II of the Dodd–Frank Act would require liquidation of any banks that enter into its resolution process. The case of Lehman Brothers indicates the severity of losses to investors that liquidation imposes and the disruption to financial markets and the economy. The procedure developed in this paper would avoid the disruptions that Dodd–Frank requires, preserving core functions of faltering financial firms and maintaining them as going concerns, even in a severe financial crisis.

At the forefront of American democracy lies the representative. There has been ample debate over congressional representation and how members of Congress are to act in response to their constituents. We take on the task of assessing the path to congressional representation by analyzing eight institutional dimensions of representation during the founding. We uncover why term limits, recall, annual terms, small constituencies, and the right of instruction were rejected under the Constitution after they had been so highly regarded a short time earlier. The Federalists sought to promote their view of good representation through institutional design, rejecting prior views of representation used in state governments. Instead, the Constitution was designed to encourage representatives to serve according to their own judgment as trustees. This analysis contributes to our understanding of how institutions were created to shape representation and provides insight into the development of the electoral connection.

Why do people assume female politicians are less likely than men to engage in the illegal use of public positions for private gain? We argue that voters may perceive women as marginalized within political institutions, or as more risk averse and consequently more constrained by institutional oversight, which could lead to perceptions of women as less likely to engage in corruption. Using an original survey experiment, we test these mechanisms against conventional wisdom that women are seen as more honest. We find strong support for the risk aversion explanation, as well as heterogeneous effects by respondent sex for both the marginalization and honesty mechanisms. These findings suggest that the institutional contexts in which women are operating can help explain why people perceive them as less likely to engage in corruption. Identifying these mechanisms is critical to understanding the role of women in politics and for improving trust in government.