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Under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 (CC-BY).-- et al. ; We study the polarization properties of elliptical femtosecond-laser-written waveguide arrays. An analytical model is presented to explain the asymmetry of the spatial transverse profiles of linearly polarized modes in these waveguides. This asymmetry produces a polarization-dependent coupling coefficient, between adjacent waveguides, which strongly affects the propagation of light in a lattice. Our analysis explains how this effect can be exploited to tune the final intensity distribution of light propagated through the array and links the properties of a polarizing beam splitter in integrated optical circuits to the geometry of the waveguides. ; The authors acknowledge funding from FONDECYT Grants No. 1110142 and No. 1120067, Programa ICM P10-030-F, Programa de Financiamiento Basal de CONICYT (FB0824/2008), the Spanish government project FIS 2011-25167, the German Ministry of Education and Research (Center for Innovation Competence program, Grant No. 03Z1HN31), Thuringian Ministry for Education, Science and Culture (Research Group Spacetime, Grant No. 11027-514), the Singapore National Research Foundation and Ministry of Education (partly through the Academic Research Fund Tier 3 MOE2012-T3-1-009), and the German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development (Grant No. 1157-127.14/2011). ; Peer Reviewed

Title from volume title page. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Publiée avec la collaboration des professeurs et des anciens élèves de l'Ecole libre des sciences politiques.

Front Matter -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Basic Concepts -- 3 Regulatory History -- 4 Enhancing Informed Consent -- 5 Enhancing Confidentiality Protection -- 6 Enhancing the Effectiveness of Review: Minimal-Risk Research -- 7 System Issues -- References -- Appendices -- A Tracing Changes in Regulatory Language -- B Selected Organizations and Resources for Human Research Participant Protection -- C Agenda for Panel's First Meeting -- D Selected Studies of IRB Operations: Summary Descriptions -- E Confidentiality and Data Access Issues for Institutional Review Boards George T. Duncan -- Biographical Sketches of Panel Members and Staff.

Contents -- About the Author -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Part I. Reconnecting to the Progressive Past -- Chapter 1. Engaging the Social Question at the Early Russell Sage Foundation -- Chapter 2. Social Science, the Social Question, and the Value-Neutrality Debate -- Part II. Understanding the Challenge from the Right -- Chapter 3. Unsettling the Social Question: From Consensus to Counterrevolution in the Postwar Politics of Knowledge -- Chapter 4. The Poor Law, the Social Question, and the New Politics of Reform

Abstract
In this paper, we investigated the utility of data mining to classify individuals into predefined categories of a target variable, based on their social and political attitude. Data collected for a social psychology study conducted in Greece in 1994 were used for this purpose. We established the theoretical background of our analysis through explanatory factor analysis. We ran the decision tree algorithm CHAID in order to build a predictive model that classifies the study participants in terms of their attitude toward physical and symbolic violence. The CHAID algorithm provided a decision tree that was easily interpreted, and which revealed meaningful predictive patterns. CHAID algorithm showed satisfactory predictive ability and promising alternatives to social psychology data analysis. To the best of our knowledge, there is no other evidence in the literature that the decision tree algorithms can be used to identify latent variables.

"An eminent sociologist--and coauthor, with Aziz Ansari, of the #1 New York Times bestseller Modern Romance--makes the provocative case that the future of democratic societies rests not only on shared values but also on shared "social infrastructure": the libraries, childcare centers, bookstores, coffee shops, pools, and parks that promote crucial, sometimes life-saving connections between people who might otherwise fail to find common cause"--

Der vorliegende Beitrag plädiert für eine differenzierte Interpretation der Open-Science-Idee, nämlich sowohl als umfassendes strukturelles als auch als kulturelles Phänomen. In der öffentlichen Diskussion wird Open Science oftmals auf die strukturelle Öffnung des Publikationsmarktes für die Nachfrageseite reduziert. Dabei wird vernachlässigt, dass Wissenschaft auch aus darüberhinausgehenden Strukturen besteht, beispielsweise der Sozialstruktur wissenschaftlicher Gemeinden, bei denen Mechanismen der Schließung und Öffnung zu beobachten sind. Open Science sollte darüber hinaus als kulturelles Phänomen interpretiert werden. Unter Verwendung des Begriffs "Wissenskulturen" zeigt der Beitrag, dass sich Open Science in der wissenschaftlichen Praxis als prozesshaftes und heterogenes Phänomen darstellt und dass Offenheit für verschiedene Gruppen der wissenschaftlichen Gemeinschaft unterschiedliche Bedeutungen aufweist. ; This paper argues for a differentiated understanding of Open Science. It suggests two interpretations: as a comprehensive structural and a cultural phenomenon. In public and political debates, Open Science is often reduced to strategies of opening up the structures of the publication market to ensure open access to scientific journal articles. Yet, there are other structures that may form the notion of Open Science, for example, the social structures of the scientific community, which are closed for certain social groups as recent data impressively shows. Furthermore, Open Science is a cultural phenomenon. Drawing on the notion of "epistemic cultures", this paper shows that Open Science is not a universal concept but is performed in quite different ways and has different meanings for different groups in the scientific community.

This volume offers trenchant studies by renowned scholars who reassess the role of the social sciences in the construction and upkeep of the Pax Americana. The thematic image for this enterprise is the 'fiery hunt' for Ahab's whale, which focuses attention on the strange brew of mixed motives for American ventures abroad. The reach of Pax Americana exceeds its grasp, but this verdict requires deeper insight than simply flushing out cultural premises and conceptual limits. The volume's purpose is to understand the USA's 'fiery hunt,' and thereby to help to end it.