Suchergebnisse

"The building strategies in the West Bank, culminating in the construction of the separation barrier, are politically aimed at temporary separation, but their built reality is resulting in a continuing and unbalanced coexistence. This investigation seeks to understand the social implications and hostile perceptions arising from these patterns of government-imposed political architecture with the ambition of responding though critical intervention."

The blockchain, as underlying technology of Bitcoins, has implications that reach far beyond the original intent as virtual currency. In this paper, we investigate how blockchain technology can be encompassed in the innovation process and bring huge benefits to the patent system as well as copyrights, trade secrecy, defensive publications, and open innovation. We further explore the institutional support for the technology necessary for a successful implementation, in form of legislations and governmental projects. We find out that numerous authorities have started voting favorable legislations and recognizing the technology as a valid public ledger. Ultimately, we confirm our findings by interviewing three actors involved in the innovation process.Keywords: Bitcoin, Blockchain, Intellectual property, Legislation, Innovation

Intro -- Views and Assumptions about Sharia and their Implications for Foreign Policy -- Sharia: A Fixed Set of Norms that Are Exclusively Binding upon all Muslims? -- The Islamisation of Law? Identifying the Main Trend and Responding to It -- Addressing the Question of (In)Compatibility of Sharia-based Law with National and International Rule of Law Standards, Particularly Regarding Human Rights? -- Coming Up with a Framework for Foreign Policy towards the Muslim World -- General Preconditions for a Foreign Policy towards Muslim Countries -- Notes -- References.

1. Introduction 2 -- Start using Gretl and R 3 -- Basic Material 4 -- Hypothesis testing 5 -- Simple linear regression 6 -- Multiple regression 7 -- Regression using dummy variables 8 -- Non linear models 9 -- Time series analysis 10 -- Other statistical tools.

Sixty Years of EU State Aid Law and Policy: Analysis and Assessment' provides a critical review of State aid, from its evolution to the practical implementation of current rules. If an EU industrial policy can be said to exist, its contours may be found in the complex and evolving concept of State aid. Because approaching any State aid issue can be fraught with multiple and sometimes conflicting interpretations, an in-depth analysis of the rationales, initiatives and regulations that constitute the State aid system is much needed. In response to this need, this book provides a fine-grained clarifying context through which recent reforms, policy shifts and judicial decisions concerning State aid can be understood and applied to specific situations

International audience ; In the Comahue region (Argentine Patagonia), the oil and gas sector as well as the agricultural one are relevant, in terms of intensifying the use of natural and technological resources. While one exploits the subsoil and another cultivates the land, both develop infrastructures and participate in the conformation the region´s identity (socio-economic, political, environmental, landscape, etc.). National and foreign companies value local resources with globalized production criteria. Shared agreements make converge the interests of private actors, local governments and the State. They participate in the construction of power and their relations with local populations (employment, conflict management, etc.). Based on the compilation of empirical data and interviews conducted in 2016, the article questions the development model resulting from the positioning of globalized actors (large agricultural establishments, hydrocarbon concessions) in the region, for the large-scale exploitation of soil and subsoil materials. The negotiations that take place before social and environmental conflicts, in which the dialogue comes to be structured and leads to agreements, can entail processes of hybridization of public and private logics. Then a socio-economic and political co-construction of the territory can be established. ; En la región del Comahue (Patagonia argentina), los sectores hidrocarburífero y agropecuario presentan procesos de intensificación del uso de los recursos naturales y tecnológicos. Mientras uno explota el subsuelo y otro cultiva la tierra, ambos desarrollan infraestructuras y participan en la conformación de la identidad de la región (socioeconómica, política, ambiental, paisajística, etc.). Empresas nacionales y extranjeras ponen en valor los recursos locales con criterios globalizados de producción. Los actores privados, la sociedad civil y el Estado procuran hacer converger sus intereses. Participan en la construcción de poder y de las relaciones y condiciones locales ...

International tribunals — Inter-American Court of Human Rights — Preliminary objections by Colombia — Whether Court lacking jurisdiction ratione materiae — Non-international armed conflict — Application of international humanitarian law — Interpretation of scope of provisions of American Convention on Human Rights, 1969 using international humanitarian law — Whether failure to exhaust domestic remedies — Whether remedy of contentious-administrative jurisdiction always necessary — Article 46 of American Convention on Human Rights — Whether preliminary objections to be rejectedInternational tribunals — Inter-American Court of Human Rights — American Convention on Human Rights, 1969, Article 67 — Interpretation of judgment — Request for interpretation of judgment by representatives of victims — Impossibility of requesting modification or expansion of judgment through request for interpretation — Whether Court having jurisdiction to determine applicable domestic provisions or indicate persons entitled to recourse — Whether request admissibleHuman rights — Right to a fair trial — Judicial protection — Articles 8 and 25 of American Convention on Human Rights, 1969 — Whether acknowledgement of responsibility substantiated — Assessment of activities carried out by ordinary, military, disciplinary and contentious-administrative jurisdictions — Whether scope of military criminal jurisdiction restrictive and exceptional — Whether Colombia violating Articles 8 and 25, in relation to Article 1(1) of American Convention on Human RightsHuman rights — Right to life — Humane treatment — Children — Obligation to adopt domestic legal provisions — American Convention on Human Rights, 1969, Articles 4, 5, 19 and 2 — Right to humane treatment of next of kin of victims — Application of juris tantum presumption regarding direct family members — Protection measures for children — Special obligation to protect children in non-international armed conflict — Whether Colombia violating Articles 4, 5, 19 and 2, in relation to Article 1(1) of American Convention on Human RightsHuman rights — Right to freedom of movement and residence — Right to individual property — Articles 22 and 21 of American Convention on Human Rights, 1969 — Evolutive interpretation of Article 22 of American Convention protecting right not to be forcibly displaced within State Party — Additional Protocol II to 167Geneva Conventions and customary international humanitarian law used to interpret scope of Article 21 of American Convention — Whether States to take into account greater vulnerability and increased harm to property rights of people living in poverty — Whether Colombia violating Articles 22 and 21, in relation to Article 1(1) of American Convention on Human RightsHuman rights — Right to honour — Article 11 of American Convention on Human Rights, 1969 — Whether State submitting individuals or groups to hatred, stigmatization, public scorn, persecution or discrimination by means of public declarations by public officials — Whether lack of evidence — Whether Colombia violating Article 11, in relation to Article 1(1) of American Convention on Human RightsDamages — Reparations — Monetary and other reparations — Damages for pecuniary and non-pecuniary loss — Beneficiaries — Injured victims and next of kin of victims not receiving reparation under domestic contentious-administrative jurisdiction — Establishment of domestic reparation mechanism for benefit of beneficiaries — Requirement of public act of acknowledgement of international responsibility — Other non-pecuniary remedies, Article 63(1) of American Convention on Human Rights, 1969War and armed conflict — Non-international armed conflict — Applicable law — Relationship between humanitarian law and human rights — 1977 Additional Protocol II to the Geneva Conventions — Precautions in attack — Cluster bomb launched on village and machine-gun attack on civilians — Principle of distinction between civilians and combatants — Principle of proportionality

India's endemic gender-based violence has received increased international scrutiny and provoked waves of domestic protest and activism. In recent years, related studies on India and South Asia have proliferated but their analyses often fail to identify why violence flourishes. Unwilling to simply accept patriarchy as the answer, Tamsin Bradley presents new research examining how different groups in India conceptualise violence against women, revealing beliefs around religion, caste and gender that render aggression socially acceptable. She also analyses the role that neoliberalism, and its corollary consumerism, play in reducing women to commodity objects for barter or exchange. Unpacking varied conservative, liberal and neoliberal ideologies active in India today, Bradley argues that they can converge unexpectedly to normalise violence against women. Due to these complex and overlapping factors, rates of violence against women in India have actually increased despite decades of feminist campaigning. This book will be crucial to those studying Indian gender politics and violence, but also presents new data and methodologies which have practical implications for researchers and policymakers worldwide.