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The article analyzes the factors associated with the reduction of
poverty between 2003 and 2006 in Argentina. In particular, it examines
the role of the labour market, monetary transfers, and demographic
factors in poverty exits, taking into account the family composition
of households. The data used comes from the Encuestas Permanentes
de Hogares (EPH) [Permanent Household Survey]. Results
indicate that labour market events are the most important factors associated
with these transitions because they are more frequent and also
because they have a more significant impact on family incomes. In
addition, the results show that households with children and female
household heads face greater difficulties to exit poverty than the rest of
the households.

In 2011, Belgium broke the world record for longest time without a government. 249 days had passed since the 2010 elections, and still the victorious parties – the New-Flemish Alliance (N-VA) and the Socialist Party (PS) – had not succeeded in the formation of a new government. This paper presents an argumentative analysis of the above political crisis. It seeks to clarify this crisis by means of mapping the most important arguments presented, so that the argumentative bottlenecks may be identified and analyzed. The arguments and claims examined in this paper are those of the N-VA; a nationalist Flemish party. The reason for focusing on the N-VA is that the political deadlock that can be identified as the cause for the relevant crisis stemmed from one of their party goals; namely to transfer authority from the federal government to the regions of Flanders and Wallonia, so effectively separating the two politically. By focusing on this argument, it is investigated what the different premises are and whether these are legitimate. Eventually, this culminates in a final judgment as to whether the N-VA's argument is sound.

The obtaining process of sulfuric acid, that involves roasted of pyrite ores, leads to accumulation of a significant amount of secondary matter known as pyrite ash. This waste, that is found worldwide in quantities of millions of tons, it is highlighted by his chemical composition, based on the presence of high concentrations of hematite and magnetite. By implementing worldwide of the concept of circular economy, the use of pyritic ash as an alternative source of iron is a topic of current interest. This study is proposing to present the latest trends in the methods of valorization of pyritic ash that are presented in the specialty literature, which can be implemented in various branches of industry.

This article analyzes that the media image is an important tool for shaping the image of the country and the theoretical and cognitive aspects of the image. We perceive an object or event through our senses, see and hear them. We understand and comprehend the new information received. They are then placed in our memory as a definite quality mark, image, or 'piece of symbol'. Therefore, in the modern media space, it is important to understand the content of information about a country, positive or negative information about the image of the region, to understand the realities of what is happening in the region. In the same process, the person who reads the news is the executor of the cognitive activity. There is a "subject-object relationship" between the subject, that is, the person and the area that is the object of cognitive activity. The main issue is the perception of the person receiving the information in relation to that country. How the country is perceived by the recipient of the information is always important. The nature of any image is closely related to the information stored in the subconscious. For this reason, the study of image in a cognitive context is required. The problem of formation and development of the regional image is one of the interdisciplinary studies from the theoretical and methodological point of view. That is, it is not just a problem facing the science of journalism or mass communications. The issue is multidisciplinary, including sociology, imageology, economics, political science, philosophy, linguistics, especially cognitive linguistics, and can be studied in various aspects. Cognitiveness is a scientific phenomenon that connects language with thinking, that is, consciousness, and explores in deep theoretical aspects the integral connection of psychological, biological, and neurophysiological aspects with social, cultural, and linguistic phenomena in the formation of a particular imagination. According to scholars, cognitive linguistics in this respect is divided into various sub-branches such as psycholinguistics, anthropolinguistics, ethnolinguistics, sociolinguistics. In this research, we tried to study the role of journalism in the formation and development of the country's image, the cognitive impact of the language of the media on the consciousness of the public (audience).

No exact figures are available on the numbers of mestizos but everything indicates that, taking the Latin American (LA) area as a whole, the great majority of the pop is mestizo. 13 countries may be considered mestizo countries: Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Cuba, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, & Paraguay. In each of these the mestizo element, physically and statist'y speaking, forms either the largest or the culturally most important part of the pop. These countries share the basic structure and fundamental values of the Modern Spanish American culture but have certain special problems that already are or may be reflected in their cultures. In the mestizo countries, the Conquest established two castes: Indians and Spaniards. The principal difference between these castes and the castes of India and of the US, lies in the fact that mobility out of the Indian caste was possible simply by acculturation to modern society. The Indians thus acculturated and the products of racial mixture make up the body of the mestizos. One of the outstanding features of this century in Mestizo America is the comparative growth of this group of landless and non-aristocratic mestizos in every country. They have not developed an ideology but are in search of a way of life and a social order which will justify and legitimize their somewhat diffuse aspirations. Traditionally they have thought to identify themselves with the aristocrats and to aspire to realize aristocratic values. Several new influences have tended to ferment their discontents and press them to seek new solutions. Among these are: (1) an increasing level of educ, (2) the impact of mass communications, (3) mechanized industrialization, & (4) a growing desire for land reform. Thus the Mestizo Mass is slowly developing certain aspirations or goals, the implementation of which is bound to affect the Western Hemisphere and the civilized world. Their aspirations are: (1) every man has the right to earn a living for himself and his dependents. (2) Every man has the right to financial security for himself and his dependents. (3) Every human has the right to be considered as individual of worth in his own right. (4) Land reform is a necessity. (5) Recognized social position based on the foregoing rights will be demanded. (6) Indians and other elements of the pop must be incorporated in the modern society as rapidly as possible consistent with their own values and personal dignity. (7) These rights, sooner or later will be translated into effective political principles. The Guatemalan situation of 1944-54 serves to illustrate the growing strength and importance of the mestizo pop in the LA countries. J. E. Hughes.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between changes in water efficiency, profit and risk for firms in the global Consumer Packaged Goods industry. This study also aims to consider the moderating effect of operational efficiency on those relationships.Design/methodology/approachUsing a sample of 155 firms with annual corporate social performance and financial performance data from Bloomberg for the years 2010–2019, this study employs first-differencing panel regression models to obtain our results.FindingsThis study finds strong evidence that operational efficiency moderates the relationships between water efficiency, profit and risk. For operationally efficient firms, increasing water efficiency increases profit and reduces risk. But for firms that are not operationally efficient, this study finds the opposite effects. These findings suggest a threshold level of operational efficiency that firms should achieve before they can reap financial benefits from increases in water efficiency.Originality/valueDespite the increasing importance of water efficiency as a measure of corporate social performance, its effects on financial performance are not well studied. The relationship between operational efficiency and water efficiency has also not been examined. This work provides empirical evidence to better understand these important relationships. The major implication for managers is that operational efficiency is a foundational capability that should be developed before focusing on efforts to improve water efficiency. For operationally efficient firms, improvements in water efficiency can be an important mechanism to increase profitability and reduce risk.

It was supposed to become a full-fledged fund for future generations and serve as a macroeconomic stabilizer.

Der Schwerpunkt der vorliegenden Arbeit liegt auf der Darstellung der wichtigsten Inhalte des österreichischen Mutterschutzgesetzes unter Zugrundelegung der von OGH und EuGH in den letzten Jahren im Rahmen dieser Thematik gefällten Entscheidungen. Auf eine überblicksmäßige Darstellung der auf internationaler Ebene in diesem Zusammenhang erlassenen Rechtsquellen folgt anschließend eine Auseinandersetzung mit dem österreichischen Mutterschutzgesetz im Speziellen. Ziel ist es, dem Leser die wesentlichen Regelungsinhalte vor allem durch kritische Beleuchtung der gegenständlichen Judikatur sowie durch Anführung von Literaturstimmen näher zu bringen. Zunächst wird der Geltungsbereiches des Gesetzes erörtert, woraufhin sodann die verschiedenen Beschäftigungsverbote, welche im Hinblick auf eine Schwangerschaft zum Tragen kommen, besprochen werden. Darauffolgend findet eine Darlegung der die Arbeitnehmerin und ihren Dienstgeber treffenden Pflichten statt. Im Anschluss werden die unterschiedlichen Varianten der Karenzierung des Arbeitsverhältnisses und die mit einer solchen verbundenen Auswirkungen auf die Dienstverträge aufgezeigt. Als nächstes folgt eine Besprechung der Möglichkeit der Teilzeitbeschäftigung und wird schlussendlich auf den im Zusammenhang mit einer Schwangerschaft greifenden Kündigungs- und Entlassungsschutz eingegangen. ; The main focus of this diploma thesis is held on the illustration of the most significant topics of the Austrian maternity protection law based on decisions of Supreme Court Justice and European Court of Justice of the last years. A first general presentation of this topic on international level governing legislation is followed by analysis of the Austrian maternity protection law. The intention is to give the reader an understanding of the most important contents of this law, especially by critical reflection of the court decisions and offering opinions of other legal representatives. First of all there is an explanation of the area of application of this law, which is followed by an elucidation of those employment bans, which come into being in case of pregnancy. After that the responsibilities and duties concerning the pregnant employees and their employers are described. Furthermore the various possibilities of maternity leave and their consequences on the contracts of employment as well as the possibility of part-time work are discussed. Finally the pregnant employee?s protection against dismissal is explained. ; von Nadja Schretter ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers ; Graz, Univ., Dipl.-Arb., 2010 ; (VLID)210937

Integration of the Russian Federation in the international community, to find the most effective ways to implement the military and land reforms require a comprehensive study. The paper identifies the main problems that hinder the effective implementation of the reform of the conversion, the ways of their solutions, including use of the experience of the advanced countries of the European Union. Identified military objects to be conversion, shown combining them into groups according to various criteria. Proposed a typology of ex-military territories. Notes the role of the organization of effective land use conversion in the areas of land use planning, identifies the main documents required for the implementation of planned activities. The problems of land use planning conversion ex-military territories.

The new thrust given to the process of economic development of the country by the new dynamic leadership has created an all round enthusiasm and the new slogan of "March towards the twenty first century" has gained popularity. But in this new enthusiasm a very vital sector of the society which can contribute substantially towards the economic development of the country is still not given as much attention as required. And that vital sector is women entrepreneurs. Life for a women entrepreneur, having a small scale industry is not a bed of roses. The individual women entrepreneurs single-handedly face a plethora of seemingly endless problems. In fact, from the moment an entrepreneur conceives the idea to start her/his own unit, she / he has to work hard against heavy odds. The problems of industries, whether in small, medium or large sectors, are almost similar but their nature and scope vary. The largest sector can influence to some extent its raw material suppliers, its customers and at times even the government in framing its policies. The small and medium sectors have many limitations as compared to large sector in facing different problems. Majority of functions has to be performed by the owner themselves due to limitation of resources. In the case of women entrepreneurs the problems get compounded because certain problems have gender dimensions attached to it. The management of domestic commitment and childcare support are the two issues where women have to play a more active role. This, coupled with the narrow vision of the society in still accepting women in a separate entity as an entrepreneur makes the life of a women entrepreneur all the more difficult. Therefore, the need to conduct this study specifically into women's business ownership is based on the proposition that women face problems, some of which are in addition to, or different from, those met by men, in starting and running businesses. Pondicherry is the locale selected to convey the present work.