Suchergebnisse

The Covid-19 pandemic has paralyzed the whole world and shattered our relationship with fear. It appears that the one linked to the coronavirus is due to uncertainty and worry, in the sense of deprivation of psychological rest. Indeed, this pandemic has changed our lives as we remained confined in order to avoid contact with the outside as much as possible. Also, we had to learn to survive by applying what we call "barrier gestures".
Thus, we wonder if this forced confinement and the fear of contagion could have given rise to the desire to live in reclusion, like the hikikomori. We also wonder about the psychological and societal consequences of this "great confinement". By dint of living in suspicion and fear, far from each other, isn't there a risk for living together?

Financial engineering has become of utmost concern by the international financial institutions the primary role in innovation and the development of financial products that you need these institutions and to maintain the sustainability of growth and increase its competitiveness as well as to ensure their survival in the market. Also form the subject of Islamic financial engineering and one of the important topics within the financial analysis operations, increase the basic leans on financial derivatives. So that Islamic financial institutions have made great strides in a relatively short period of time, to provide them with a suitable alternative for traditional financial institutions that their dealings are not compatible with Islamic law, on the basis that we have addressed first Islamic financial engineering nature and concept, as an introduction to the subject of research and our paper, and then we reviewed the origins and evolution Islamic financial engineering with the reasons they arise and to identify the tools and products and exposure to the properties of Islamic financial products discussed. Finally Arzina on the most important Islamic financial engineering challenges

The Arabic linguistic lesson has developed greatly since the connection of Arab culture to modern linguistics in the Western world through scientific missions، as the process of authorship in this modern science was active in order to introduce it and its various schools and methods، and then this activity moved from the mere introduction of this science and the translation of western literature founded to look at Arabic based on linguistic data، in an effort to make the research in this language scientific.
This consideration of language has tended to research the Arabic linguistic heritage through the linguistic heritage left by a group of ancient Arabic scholars - especially related to grammar - where Arab efforts have tried to reach the development of a new theory of Arabic grammar that corresponds to the Arabic language in its modern form and seeks to facilitate grammar، and emerged in this area several trends that were influenced in general by Western linguistic theories، as these efforts were classified in currents that look at the Arabic language in accordance with the principles built in this area. It's got those Western schools on it، the most important of these trends are: the structural descriptive trend، the rooting trend، the interpretive or obstetric trend، the functional trend and the synthesis trend.
Through this article، we try to identify the reality of these Arabic linguistic approaches by diving into the circumstances of their origins، and then researching their theoretical origins and procedural principles in order to consider their ability to keep pace with developments in linguistic research and to anticipate their fate in the context of contemporary linguistic research.

This study aims to know the degree of practice and application of governance in the management of water resources for institutions operating in the water sector in the state of Jijel. To achieve the objectives of this study, the researchers relied on the descriptive approach appropriate to the nature of the subject, and also relied on the questionnaire as a tool for collecting data on the study variables. It was distributed directly to the frameworks responsible for managing water resources in the water sector in the state of Jijel, and the collected data were processed statistically using the Statistical Package for Sciences program. Social SPSS v.26.
The study found a set of results, the most prominent of which is the high degree of practice and application of governance in managing water resources in the institutions under study.

This article proposes an opposite based learning (OBL) enhanced crow search algorithm (CSA) version for solving optimization problems. The proposed method, named the opposite based CSA (ObCSA), starts searching with individuals with higher fitness in the initial phase of the evolutionary process. In this way, it is aimed to improve the convergence performance of the basic CSA. To validate the proposed method, a set of benchmark test suit of different of features is chosen. Its convergence characteristic and statistical results are compared with the basic CSA. The results obtained show that the proposed method improves the convergence performance of the basic CSA. And the statistical results indicate that it manages to reach the near optimal solution and increases the quality of the solution.

To boost the foreign language learning process, language teachers need to know how to implement a multilingual pedagogy, that is, they should be able to draw on their and their students' knowledge of other languages during lessons. This qualitative study explored the extent to which 21 foreign language teachers in Norwegian and Russian upper-secondary schools were willing and able to implement multilingual teaching practices and the factors that they thought affected this implementation. The findings revealed three main factors, namely, their language knowledge, their positioning as language learners, and the level of support they received, which the participants reported as strongly influencing the extent to which they were able and willing to draw on their and their students' multilingualism as a pedagogical resource. The findings also indicated that participants did not implement multilingual teaching practices differently based on the languages they taught, although there were differences between the participants from Norway and Russia concerning the teaching of English. The study has important implications for research on language teaching and learning in multilingual environments, educational institutions, and teacher development programs.

Emotion in second language acquisition (SLA) has recently received greater attention because it is largely implicated in daily conversations, which may affect second or foreign language (L2) use including listening comprehension. Most research into emotion and L2 listening comprehension is focused exclusively on anxiety, with an attempt to reduce its negative effects on individuals' listening performance. With the arrival of positive psychology in SLA, researchers began to take a holistic view of a wider range of emotions including enjoyment that language learners experience during their L2 communication. The current study explored the relationships among listening anxiety, enjoyment, listening comprehension performance, and listening metacognitive awareness among a group of 410 international students in a Canadian university. Correlational analyses showed that listening anxiety was negatively correlated with enjoyment. However, these two variables shared only 18% of their variance, indicating that listening anxiety and enjoyment are related but independent emotions. This study suggests that anxiety and enjoyment in L2 listening are not the opposite ends of the same emotional continuum, but each serves a different purpose. L2 learners should work to find intriguing and enjoyable experiences in language learning, rather than focusing merely on reducing anxiety.

The study explores the motivational profiles of Spanish EFL sports science university students from the second language (L2) motivation self system (L2MSS) perspective to ultimately support Spanish higher institutions´ plans committed to improving employability and competitiveness. The study analyzes the relationships between L2 motivation, L2 proficiency, gender, and L2 contextual variables using data from 196 English as a foreign language (EFL) sports science university students. The data reveal that the ideal L2 self construct stands out as the most salient and powerful factor, while the ought-to and rebellious L2 selves are less significant and there are items loading on both of them at the same time. Thus, higher means for the ideal L2 self motivation correspond to higher levels of L2 proficiency and are supported by L2 learning contextual variables. The strongest ought-to L2 self was registered in students with mid-low L2 proficiency and a lack of L2 learning experiences. Meanwhile, the rebellious L2 self is clearly distinguishable only for students with high L2 proficiency. Pedagogical and curricular implications of these findings are that the ideal and the rebellious L2 selves could positively predict students´ L2 proficiency. Thus, new dynamics of education should explore language teaching methodologies that are more likely to enhance students´ ideal and rebellious L2 selves.

The present study empirically scrutinizes the fixed natural order of grammatical morphemes relying on a manual analysis of an EFL learner corpus. Specifically, we test whether the accuracy order of L2 grammatical morphemes in the case of L1 Turkish speakers of English deviates from Krashen's (1977) natural order and whether proficiency levels play a role in the order of acquisition of these morphemes. With this in mind, we focus on the (in)accuracy of nine English grammatical morphemes with 2883 cases manually tagged by the UAM Corpus Tool in the written exam scripts of Turkish learners of English. The results based on target-like use scores provide evidence for deviation from what is widely believed to be a set order of acquisition of these grammatical morphemes by second language learners. In light of such findings, we challenge the view that the internally driven processes of mastering grammatical morphemes in English for interlanguage users are largely independent of their L1. Regardless of L2 grammar proficiency in our data, the observed accuracy of some morphemes ranked low in comparison with the so-called natural order. These grammatical morphemes were almost exclusively non-existent features in participants' mother tongue (e.g., third person singular –s, articles and the irregular past tense forms), thus suggesting the influence of L1 in this respect.