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Ambitious goals for climate change mitigation and energy security policies are driving deployment of renewable energy sources globally. However, the deployment of renewable energies at scale requires not only public but also private capital, such as foreign direct investment (FDI). Many countries with favourable conditions for renewables, such as the countries of the Middle East and North African (MENA) region, are not attracting sufficient FDI. Risk perceptions of FDI stakeholders are one of the reasons. This paper discusses the de-risking approach as a possible tool to address subjective risk perceptions and assesses with a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model macroeconomic feedback-effects of employing a de-risking strategy for FDI into a particular kind of renewable electricity (RES-E) technology, concentrated solar power, in the MENA region. Our results show that the application of a de-risking approach reduces the costs for deployment of CSP, and therefore, also volumes of subsidies that would be needed to make CSP cost competitive with fossil fuel based electricity generation. This, in turn, leads to positive GDP and welfare effects in the MENA region. Our results allow us developing of recommendations for energy policy the implementation of the de-risking approach as a potential consensual option with high political feasibility to reduce climate change mitigation costs.

Ambitious goals for climate change mitigation and energy security policies are driving deployment of renewable energy sources globally. However, the deployment of renewable energies at scale requires not only public but also private capital, such as foreign direct investment (FDI). Many countries with favourable conditions for renewables, such as the countries of the Middle East and North African (MENA) region, are not attracting sufficient FDI. Risk perceptions of FDI stakeholders are one of the reasons. This paper discusses the de-risking approach as a possible tool to address subjective risk perceptions and assesses with a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model macroeconomic feedback-effects of employing a de-risking strategy for FDI into a particular kind of renewable electricity (RES-E) technology, concentrated solar power, in the MENA region. Our results show that the application of a de-risking approach reduces the costs for deployment of CSP, and therefore, also volumes of subsidies that would be needed to make CSP cost competitive with fossil fuel based electricity generation. This, in turn, leads to positive GDP and welfare effects in the MENA region. Our results allow us developing of recommendations for energy policy the implementation of the de-risking approach as a potential consensual option with high political feasibility to reduce climate change mitigation costs.

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- How to Use This Book -- Guiding Ideas -- 22 Games -- 1. Arms Crossed: When conditions change, habits must change. -- 2. Avalanche: Understand the implicit rules. They can produce different results than desired or expected. -- 3. Balancing Tubes: You can't achieve long-term goals with short-term perspective. -- 4. The Bathtub Game: A level will decline only if outflows are greater than inflows. -- 5. Biodiversity Game: You can't change only one thing. -- 6. Circles in the Air: Our perspective affects the actions we take in complex systems. -- 7. Frames: To obtain consensus be clear about the mental framework you are using. -- 8. Group Juggle: Adding one more apparently minor problem can sometimes collapse the whole system. -- 9. Hands Down: When trying to understand a complex situation, don't limit your focus to where the action is. -- 10. Harvest: Over the long term, individuals often get more from cooperation than from competition. -- 11. Hit the Target: Delays between perception and response can lead to overshooting the goal. -- 12. Living Loops: It's easier to reach your goals by building a system that achieves them for you. -- 13. Paper Fold: With exponential growth, small growth rates can quickly lead to extremely large numbers. -- 14. Paper Tear: One-way communication is much less effective than interaction. -- 15. Pens: Sustainability depends more on culture than on technology. -- 16. Space for Living: Thinking outside the box can produce win-win solutions. -- 17. Squaring the Circle: Without a shared goal, cooperation is ineffective. -- 18. Thumb Wrestling: Life is not a zero-sum game. -- 19. Triangles: If you want big changes, look for the high-leverage points. -- 20. Warped Juggle: Incremental changes produce improvements -- structural changes produce transformation.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Author -- Contributors -- 1: Introduction: Countering Global Climate Change: Tropical Solutions: An Experimental Approach -- 1.1 General Remarks -- 1.2 Warming Trends -- 1.3 The Power of "New" Water Vapor -- 1.4 Climate Change, Occupational Health and Safety -- 1.5 Energy Acquisition and CO2 Sequestration -- 1.6 Wind Power Sites -- 1.7 Winds of Selected Tropical Land Areas -- 1.7.1 Africa -- 1.7.2 Southern Asia -- 1.7.3 Northern South America -- 1.7.4 Northern Australia -- 1.7.5 CO2 Sequestration -- 1.7.6 Lowering Road Repair Costs = Less Greenhouse Gases -- 1.7.7 Wood Products from Invasive Species -- 1.8 Reducing Deforestation with Bamboo -- 1.9 Water, Crops and Soil -- 1.10 Phosphorus Depletion -- 1.11 Increasing Turbidity -- 1.12 Detection of Dispersive Clays -- 1.13 Detecting Clay Dispersion -- 1.14 Conclusions -- References -- 2: Water Vapor Condensation from Fossil Fuels and Tropical Volcanoes: Potential Effects on Global Warming -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 New Atmospheric Water Sources -- 2.1.2 Positive Feedback Source -- 2.1.3 Role of Methane -- 2.1.4 "New Condensation": Human-Induced -- 2.1.5 Evidence from Mass Balance Calculations -- 2.1.6 Source of Stratospheric Water -- 2.2 Conclusion -- 2.3 Applications -- 2.3.1 Tropical Volcanoes and Geothermal Energy -- 2.3.1.1 Geothermal Power Plant Systems -- 2.3.2 Driverless Vehicles -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 3: Operation of Motor Vehicles in the Tropics below Recommended Engine Temperatures: Atmospheric and Health Ramifications -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 Role of Vehicle Engine Thermostats -- 3.1.2 The Practice of Thermostat Removal -- 3.1.3 Aim -- 3.2 Method -- 3.2.1 Statistics and Study Areas -- 3.3 Results -- 3.3.1 Correlation between Beliefs and Actions.

Die Dissertationsschrift analysiert die Auswirkungen einer stringenten Begrenzung der globalen CO2-Emissionen auf die Wohlstandsentwicklung in verschiedenen Weltregionen. Ein solches Emissionsziel führt zu einer signifikanten Umverteilung von Wohlstand zwischen den Weltregionen, da zum einen die Ressourcenrenten für fossile Energieträger entwertet werden und zum anderen eine Klimarente zwischen den Teilnehmern eines globalen Emissionshandelssystems aufgeteilt wird. Die Umverteilung drückt sich in regional unterschiedlichen Klimaschutzkosten aus. In bisherigen Studien wurde die zentrale Rolle dreier Dimensionen für die regionalen Klimaschutzkosten herausgestellt: Die Verfügbarkeit emissionsarmer Technologien im Energiesektor, der internationale Handel mit fossilen Energieträgern und die Anfangszuteilung von Emissionsrechten in einem globalen Emissionshandelssystem. Die Bedeutung einzelner Faktoren auf die regionalen Kosten wurde bislang allenfalls quantitativ diskutiert. Die Neuartigkeit dieser Arbeit liegt im Ansatz, die drei Dimensionen Technologie, Anfangszuteilung der Emissionsrechte und Energiehandel sowie ihr Zusammenwirken in einem gemeinsamen Analyserahmen zu untersuchen. Methodisch bedient sich die Arbeit der Szenarienanalyse am Modell REMIND, das wesentliche ökonomische und energietechnische Prozesse, die durch ein globales Emissionsziel beeinflusst werden, in einer langfristigen, multiregionalen Perspektive beschreibt. Ferner wird eine neu entwickelte Dekompositionsmethode verwendet, um verschiedene Einflussfaktoren auf die regionalen Klimaschutzkosten quantifizieren zu können. Die Arbeit kommt zu folgenden Kernergebnissen: Die Verfügbarkeit eines breiten Portfolios emissionsarmer Technologien reduziert den globalen CO2-Preis und folglich die globalen und (im Allgemeinen) die regionalen Kosten des Klimaschutzes. Allerdings können einzelne Regionen in Einzelfällen von einer beschränkten Verfügbarkeit emissionsarmer Technologien profitieren. Die Entwertung von Öl- und Kohlereserven trägt deutlich zu den vergleichsweise hohen Klimaschutzkosten der Exportregionen bei. Dagegen profitieren die Exporteure von Erdgas und Uran von einer Aufwertung ihrer Reserven. Die Analyse der Rolle des Energiehandels wird durch den Einbezug von Handelskosten im Modell deutlich verbessert. Der Handel mit Emissionsrechten wirkt sich (unter den in der Arbeit gemachten Annahmen) ausschließlich als Umverteilung zwischen den Regionen aus. Die verhandelbare Wahl der Anfangszuteilung ermöglicht dabei eine substanzielle Modifikation der regionalen Kostenverteilung. Zusammenhänge zwischen den drei Dimensionen spielen eine zentrale Rolle für die regionale Kostenverteilung. Ein niedriger CO2-Preis reduziert den monetären Wert handelbarer Emissionsrechte, so dass die Wahl der Anfangszuteilung geringere Auswirkungen hat. Ferner kann die Verfügbarkeit von Technologien die Präferenzordnung einzelner Regionen für Anfangszuteilungen verändern und beeinflusst die Größe der Energiehandelseffekte. Schließlich können Technologien neue Handelsflüsse ermöglichen; am Beispiel einer Technologie zur interregionalen Stromübertragung wird aufgezeigt, dass globale und regionale Klimaschutzkosten dadurch verringert werden können. Aus den Ergebnissen werden folgende Schlussfolgerungen für die Klimapolitik gezogen: Der Förderung und Verbreitung innovativer emissionsarmer Technologien sollte in der Klimapolitik mehr Beachtung als bislang zukommen, da dadurch Debatten über die Verteilung der Klimaschutzkosten entschärft werden können. Ferner sollten internationale Verhandlungen bei der Aushandlung nationaler Ziele zur Emissionsminderung die regionalen Klimaschutzkosten stärker als bisher in den Blick nehmen und dabei zwischen verhandelbaren und nicht verhandelbaren Kosten unterscheiden. ; This thesis analyzes the impacts of a stringent limitation of global carbon dioxide emissions on the welfare of world regions. A stringent emission target leads to a significant redistribution of welfare among world regions due to a devaluation of resource rents and to the distribution of a climate rent among the participants of a global emission trading system. The redistribution implies different mitigation costs for world regions. Previous studies have pointed out the central role of three dimensions for regional mitigation costs: The availability of low-carbon technologies in the energy sector, international trade with fossil energy carriers, and the initial allocation of emission allowances in a global emission trading system. However, the relevance of individual factors has so far been discussed only qualitatively. The novelty of this thesis lies in the approach to analyze the three dimensions of technology, initial allocation of emission allowances and energy trade as well as their interrelations in a comprehensive framework. The thesis uses the method to analyze scenarios in the model REMIND. REMIND describes relevant dynamic processes of the macroeconomy and the energy system that are influenced by a global emission target in a long-term multiregional perspective. Furthermore, a novel decomposition method in applied to quantify different influence factors on regional mitigation costs. The core result of the thesis are as follows: The availability of a broad portfolio of low-carbon technologies keeps global CO$_2$ prices low. It reduces global mitigation costs and - generally - also regional costs of mitigation. However, some regions benefit from restrictions on low-carbon technologies in particular cases. A devaluation of coal and oil endowments contributes to relatively high mitigation costs of major export regions. To the contrary, the exporters of natural gas and uranium profit from a revaluation of their endowments. The determination of trade-related effects on regional mitigation costs is improved substantially by the consideration of trade costs in the model. The trade with emission allowances acts as a pure redistribution among regions - under the assumptions made in this thesis. The negotiable choice of an initial allocation scheme can modify regional costs substantially. Interrelations among the three dimensions play a crucial role for the distributive impacts of mitigation. A low CO$_2$-price reduces the monetary equivalents of tradable emission permits, so that a variation of the initial permit allocation scheme has a lower redistributive impact. Furthermore, the availability of low-carbon technologies can alter the preference order of regions for permit allocation schemes and influences the size of energy trade effects. Finally, technologies can take the role to render a new trade flow possible. The example of an interregional electricity transmission technology shows that additional trade options bear the potential to reduce global and regional mitigation costs. Important conclusions for climate policy can be drawn from the results. Climate policy could benefit from paying more attention to the relevance of the technology dimension as it provides a chance to ease political negotiations on the distribution of mitigation costs. Furthermore, international negotiations should take regional mitigation costs more than before into account when defining national emission targets, as regional mitigation costs are the key variable that expresses each nation's burden to participate in the global mitigation effort. The results in this thesis might provide helpful advice by allowing to distinguish negotiable and un-negotiable parts of the costs.

Als ein Archipel-Land beherbergt Indonesien ein großes Gebiet von Küstenfeuchtgebieten wie Mangroven und Torfmoore, die etwa 50 Gt Kohlenstoff (C) speichern. Indonesische Küstenfeuchtgebiete sind auch reich an biologischer Vielfalt und bieten Lebensraum für mehr als 2000 Arten von Flora und Fauna. Die Küstenfeuchtgebiete in Indonesien könnten jedoch aufgrund des bevorstehenden schnellen Anstiegs des Meeresspiegels zusätzlich zu Landnutzungsänderungen und -umstellungen infolge des rapiden Bevölkerungswachstums in den Küstengebieten erhebliche Verluste aufgrund von Überschwemmungen erleiden. Um die Auswirkungen des Meeresspiegelanstiegs zu verringern und die Nachhaltigkeit dieser Ökosysteme und ihrer wichtigen Funktionen zu gewährleisten, müssen die indonesischen Küstenfeuchtgebiete geschützt, bewirtschaftet und wiederhergestellt werden. Da Konservierung, Management und Wiederherstellung kostspielig sein können, während nicht immer genügend Ressourcen zur Verfügung stehen, sind wirksame und effiziente Strategien erforderlich. Dafür ist ein gründliches ökologisches Verständnis von entscheidender Bedeutung. Das derzeitige Wissen über Küstenfeuchtgebiete in Indonesien bleibt jedoch eine große Lücke. Darüber hinaus ist ein gründliches ökologisches Verständnis oft schwierig zu erfassen, da einige Ökosystemprozesse und ihre Reaktionen auf Umweltveränderungen oft nach langer Zeit auftreten. Daher sind langfristige ökologische Studien, wie Paläoökologie, erforderlich. Daraufhin wurde diese paläoökologische Multi-Proxy-Forschung an zwei indonesischen Küstenfeuchtgebieten, dem Sungai Buluh-Moor in Zentral-Sumatra und der Lagune Segara Anakan in Zentral-Java durchgeführt, um (1) die Erkenntnisse über den Umweltprozess und die Umweltdynamik zu verbessern Küstenfeuchtgebiete in Indonesien sowie die Mechanismen und Dynamiken ihrer Fähigkeit, C zu lagern; (2) unterstreichen ihr Potenzial zur Eindämmung des Klimawandels; und (3) Überlegungen zur Verbesserung der Erhaltung, Bewirtschaftung und Wiederherstellung von Küstenfeuchtgebieten in Indonesien anzustellen. Diese Untersuchung legt nahe, dass indonesische Küstenfeuchtgebiete und ihre Fähigkeit, C zu sequestrieren, sehr dynamisch sind und hauptsächlich von Veränderungen des Meeresspiegels, klimatischen Schwankungen und menschlichen Aktivitäten beeinflusst werden. Diese Faktoren verändern hauptsächlich die hydrologischen Bedingungen und die Zusammensetzung der Vegetation der Küstenfeuchtgebiete, obwohl die Auswirkungen ortsspezifisch sein können. Küstenfeuchtgebiete in Indonesien haben auch ein hohes Potenzial für eine globale Minderung des Klimawandels, da sie über beträchtliche Kapazitäten zur Akkumulation von C im Vergleich zu ähnlichen Ökosystemen weltweit verfügen. Darüber hinaus haben die indonesischen Küstenfeuchtgebiete Widerstandsfähigkeit gegenüber natürlichen und anthropogenen Störungen gezeigt. Auf der Grundlage der Ergebnisse werden einige Überlegungen zur Verbesserung der Erhaltung, Bewirtschaftung und Wiederherstellung von Küstenfeuchtgebieten vorgelegt. Dazu gehören (1) die Festlegung von Prioritäten oder die Klassifizierung der Bedeutung von Arten, Ökosystemen, Gebieten oder Maßnahmen, um zur Lösung der kritischsten Probleme beizutragen, die Bemühungen zu optimieren und die Ressourcen zuzuweisen; (2) Einbeziehung sozioökonomischer Bedürfnisse in die Erhaltung und nachhaltige Nutzung; (3) Auswahl eines effektiven und effizienten Wiederherstellungskonzepts; und (4) Bewertung des Politikentwurfs und der Umsetzung. ; As an archipelago country, Indonesia harbors vast area of coastal wetlands such as mangrove and peatland that stores around 50 Gt carbon (C). Indonesian coastal wetlands are also rich in biodiversity, providing habitats for over 2000 species of flora and fauna. However, coastal wetlands in Indonesia potentially sustain significant loss due to inundation following the upcoming rapid sea level rise in addition to landuse change and conversion following rapid population growth in the coastal areas. To reduce the impact of sea level rise and to ensure the sustainability of these ecosystems and their important functions, conservation, management and restoration of Indonesian coastal wetlands are necessary to be conducted. As conservation, management and restoration can be costly while sufficient resources are not always available, effective and efficient strategies are required. For this, a thorough ecological understanding is critical. However, current knowledge relating to coastal wetlands in Indonesia remains a large gap. Moreover, thorough ecological understanding is often difficult to gather as some ecosystem processes and their responses to environmental changes often occur after a long period of time. Therefore, long term ecological studies, such as palaeoecology, are required to conduct. Thereupon, this multi-proxy palaeoecological research that includes was carried out on two Indonesian coastal wetlands, Sungai Buluh peatland in Central Sumatra and Segara Anakan lagoon in Central Java, in order to: (1) improve the insights on the environmental process and dynamics of coastal wetlands in Indonesia as well as the mechanisms and dynamics of their capacity to store C; (2) underline their potential for climate change mitigation; and (3) provide consideration to improve conservation, management and restoration of coastal wetlands in Indonesia. This research suggests that Indonesian coastal wetlands and their capacities to sequester C are very dynamic and mainly influenced by sea level changes, climatic variabilities and human activities. These factors mainly alter the hydrological conditions and vegetation composition of the coastal wetlands, although the impacts can be site-specific. Coastal wetlands in Indonesia also have high potential for global climate change mitigation for they have considerable capacities to accumulate C compared to similar ecosystems globally. Additionally, Indonesian coastal wetlands have shown resilience to past disturbances, both natural and anthropogenic. Based on the outcomes, some considerations to improve coastal wetlands conservation, management and restoration are provided. This includes (1) setting up priorities or classifying the importance of species, ecosystems, areas, or actions, in order to help solving the most critical problems, optimizing the efforts and allocating the resource; (2) incorporating socioeconomic needs in conservation and sustainable use; (3) selecting effective and efficient restoration approach; and (4) evaluating policy design and implementation.

Many of the most pressing policy and social challenges of the modern era are widely viewed to be 'wicked' problems, that is, complex, largely intractable, contested problems. A good example is climate change mitigation and adaptation. The dual context for this article is: the recent increase in evaluative questions being asked by practitioners and policymakers who are seeking to address wicked socio-environmental problems (like climate change); and the recognition that such problems and related interventions present major challenges to evaluative inquiry. To effectively answer these evaluative questions, both practitioners and policymakers need the assistance of evaluators who recognise the limitations of traditional accountability-oriented evaluation and adequately understand the complexity of programs, the contexts in which they are embedded, and the socio-environmental problems they seek to address. This article reviews and builds on discussion of wicked environmental and policy problems in the evaluation literature to consider the evaluation challenges (and associated guiding principles) and potential roles for evaluative inquiry. The article argues that evaluations of interventions into wicked problems should be grounded in the realist paradigm. Drawing on the review and this theory, four roles for evaluative inquiry are identified: (1) testing and refining transferable intervention theories; (2) enabling learning (rather than demonstrating accountability); (3) providing decision support; and (4) mapping program complexity and prompting adequate consideration of complexity.

Considering the opportunities posed by open data, the following document presents an analysis of the impact generated in the Wayuu indigenous peoples of La Guajira in Colombia, due to Climate Change and the possibilities provided by open data and data gathering, in the policies implemented by the Colombian Government to mitigate the effects of climate change at the national and local level. Climate change is one of the biggest challenges that countries must deal with in this century and in the upcoming years. It is also one of the key subjects of the Millennium Development Goals, especially for developing countries and for the poorest and most vulnerable communities like the indigenous groups. Therefore, bearing in mind that climate change impacts have diverse and complex consequenses, these must be addressed from different points of view, such as its social, environmental and cultural effects. This research will also focus on the identification of the barriers restricting the implementation of open data (OD) regarding enviromental matters in Colombia. The factors that may prevent the successful use of OD in the enviromental sector in Colombia are mainly issues related to lack of the infrastructure needed for a data driven innovations and the insufficient understanding of the importance of data use from different stakeholders. This framework will expose said obstacles, as it attempts to highlight the experience of other countries to finally assess which are the priority factors that must be tackled in order to accelerate the implementation and use of alternative sources of data.

Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) has been promoted as a key approach in addressing the effects of climate change. First launched in 2009, CSA refers to agricultural technologies that are well suited to increase farmer livelihoods in the face of a changing climate by 1) raising agricultural productivity; 2) building resilience of livelihoods and farming systems; and 3) reducing carbon emissions. While government implementation of mitigation and adaptation policies may be an effective means to help address climate change, concerns arise, if CSA policies run counter to international trade disciplines. In particular, CSA policies could come into direct conflict with WTO trade rules, if these policies serve to insulate domestic producers from competition. Thus, they could potentially distort production and trade. This paper examines CSA policies in the context of the WTO agreements, including domestic support disciplines under the WTO Agreement on Agriculture. ; IFPRI5; 3 Building Inclusive and Efficient Markets, Trade Systems, and Food Industry; 1 Fostering Climate-Resilient and Sustainable Food Supply ; MTID ; Non-PR

This Master's thesis explores the role of climate change mitigation in a development cooperation program. The case chosen for exploring this issue was a Finnish development cooperation program, the Energy and Environment Partnership (EEP) with the Mekong Region. EEP Mekong presented a good case for investigating the recent trend in which climate change is increasingly being mainstreamed into development cooperation. The industrialized countries have committed to provide 0.7% of their gross national income for development cooperation. More recently the industrialized countries have pledged to support developing countries in climate change related activities. Concerns have been raised that the new pledges for climate finance are diverting funds from development cooperation. This study can be seen to represent a case of a donor initiated development cooperation program, funded with official development aid, in which climate change has significantly influenced the design of the program. This issue was approached from a constructivist point of view. The research was carried out looking at norm diffusion and how norms influence the program, and the research question was: how does the norm of climate change mitigation diffuse and inform behavior in the EEP Mekong? The empirical focus in this study was on the norm of climate change mitigation, how actors understand it and how it informs behavior within the program. This issue was discussed in the context of development cooperation, and in order to understand the issue better, this paper also analyzed the norms of poverty reduction and ownership in the EEP. A mission to the Mekong region took place in the beginning of 2011. Eight interviews conducted during the mission form the main data used in this study. In addition, interviews were conducted with the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland and the Nordic Development Fund. Documents of the program were used to complement the material collected with the interviews. The main findings of this study point out that the EEP Mekong is, indeed, strongly geared towards climate change mitigation and outcomes for poverty reduction can be questioned. Mitigating climate change turned out to be taken-for-granted in the program. The norm of climate change mitigation can be said to be diffused to the EEP and inform the program. However, it seemed that it was the idea of mitigating climate change that was the key concern, not achieving significant emission reduction. As such, the content of the norm of climate change mitigation had changed from what it was originally taken to prescribe. Although diffused, norms do not always have their intended effect. The norm of ownership did not seem to be subscribed to on many levels in the program. There were indications that this was due to the fact, that the content of the norm was understood differently by different actors. Asiasanat:climate change mitigation, development cooperation, norm diffusion

The study aimed to develop an eco-school toolkit based on the assessed levels of carbon footprint status, climate change mitigation awareness and education for sustainable development perceptions of principals in the Island of Panay for the School Year 2019-2020. The researcher employed mixed method research design: quantitative and qualitative approach. A survey was conducted to the randomly selected 210 samples using the researcher-made questionnaires, and two sessions of focus group discussions were conducted to the Philippine - Open Government Partnership (P-OGP), National Executive Coordinating Council (NECC) and international philanthropists. The Eco-School Toolkit was adopted from the 4Ds Training Cycle Map Process by Samuel Phil (2010). The data was statistically interpreted through frequency counts, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Analysis of Variance, Pearson correlation coefficient at 0.05 level of significance. The results shows that RPMS-PPST rating revealed that principals with "outstanding" and "very satisfactory" ratings consume maximum energy and living a "carbon-unfriendly lifestyle" resulting to an increase in the carbon footprint status. This may create negative impressions among teachers that "outstanding" or "very satisfactory" principals are not manifesting carbon friendly habits, attitudes, practices and cultures. On the other hand, geographical location, age, sexual orientation and RPMS PPST Rating will not affect climate change mitigation awareness of principals. Further, geographical location, age, sexual orientation and RPMS PPST Rating will not affect education for sustainable development perceptions of principals. Carbon footprint status is a significant indicator of education for sustainable development. Climate change mitigation awareness is a significant indicator of education for sustainable development. The school principals' carbon footprint status influences their climate change mitigation awareness and the climate change mitigation awareness influences their education for sustainable development perceptions; and education for sustainable development perceptions influences their carbon footprint status. The interconnectedness, interrelationships and interrelatedness of carbon footprint status, climate change mitigation awareness and education for sustainable development perceptions may create ecological foundations for school principals to be eco-friendly leader, serving an eco-friendly school and promoting an eco-friendly community for an eco-friendly nation.