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Italy has developed a complex antimafia legal framework in its struggle against mafia-type associations. Antimafia legislation entered into force in the 1950s as an instrument for tackling the dangerous infiltration of the public system – corruption, for example. The first explicitly antimafia law was adopted in 1965. Its main feature was to ban persons either suspected or convicted of being members of organized crime groups from entering into contracts with public administrations.

Effects of international political and economic events on national economy since World War II. Discusses postwar reconstruction,the European Economic Community, industrialization, the European Monetary System, German reunification, the demise of the Soviet Union, 1992 currency devaluations, and other influences.

Review of policy since the mid-1970s. Translated from Italian.

The article examines the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the development of center-regional relations on the example of the Italian Republic. The pandemic has become a serious test of the effectiveness and strength of interaction between central governments and regions, and analysis of the socio-political results of almost two years of the difficult test makes it possible to clarify the understanding of the nature of modern Italian regionalism, and allows us to present a forecast for its further development. The study of this research is inscribed in a broad analytical and historical context. The conceptualization of analytical tools has been clarified, including the concepts of decentralization, regionalization, federalization, devolution, separatism, irredentism, autonomism. Political decentralization in Italy is considered in a historical retrospective by analyzing the goals, drivers and main milestones of the emergence and development of autonomist and separatist projects, including taking into account the study of the "North-South" issue. Various alternatives for the further evolution of center-periphery relations are considered, taking into account the negative impact of the pandemic. The conclusion is argued that the central government as a whole has demonstrated the ability to mobilize and pursue a flexible policy that meets social demand in key parameters, as a result of which society has rallied around the anti-crisis agenda and increased support for the central government. At this stage, it is considered that a relative public agreement has been reached taking into account the increase of current problems in case of active support of separatist political actors. Provided that the national government develops a further effective policy that keeps in mind the needs of the regions, it will help maintain the stability of the center-regional relations for the future.

How did the Roman state affect areas under its control? This dissertation addresses that question by examining one area, northern Italy, which was administered by the state at its most and least intensive. In the Republican and Late Antique periods the state frequently and directly intervened in the area. During the Republic changing Roman conceptions of northern Italy led the state to intervene dramatically in ways that remade the physical and demographic landscape of the region, while in the late Roman period similarly changing attitudes led to reformulation of the region's purpose and position within the empire. In contrast, the Roman state's presence in northern Italy in the early Imperial period was minimal, and this study explores the reasons for and effects of that minimalist approach on northern Italy in the first and second centuries AD. Explanations for this early Imperial policy towards northern Italy are to be found not just in the region's late Republican history but also in the creation and evolution of Italian identities. Case studies of the Aemilia and the central Transpadana illustrate the intersection of these identities with state policy and ideology. These studies also examine the consequences of that intersection on everyday life in towns and in the countryside, on matters ranging from tombstones to taxes and from poetry to politics. Further case studies of Aquileia and Liguria look at how the state, even in its minimalist form, shaped the development of local economies and societies through the movement of people and goods around the empire. Together these studies examine the effects of the state on interregional networks as well as on individual communities.

Using evidence from research carried out in Italy-based on judiciary documents, press review, parliamentary commissions' reports, and in-depth interviews-describes the emergence of a class of `business politicians', the resources they invest in their political careers, and their functions in producing consensus and loyalty resources for illegal exchanges.

The expansion of judicial power in Italy has been supported by specific elements briefly outlined by the author. The Italian judiciary seems to be characterized by a basic contradiction: its institutional guarantees of independence are extremely effective, &, thanks to the inclusion of public prosecution, its decisions can significantly affect the political process while being inadequately protected from short-term political pressures. The only institutional channel of political influence in Italy is the Higher Council where increased tensions between the judiciary & the political system tend to be dealt with. Consequently, the political environment has compelling incentives to employ all available venues to influence such a powerful body. 16 References. E. Sanchez

What does it mean to be a woman today in Italy, a country with the lowest birthrate in the world and the heaviest maternal stereotype? Does being a feminist exclude practices of cultural femininity? These questions are at the center of this volume, which looks at how feminism and femininity are embedded in a broad spectrum of Italian cultural practices

"Presents a comprehensive study of Italy's role in the European Union and what that country needs to do as a 'medium-sized power' to increase its influence in the EU, chiefly by putting forward well-defined goals and consistent strategies through credible actors"--Provided by publisher

Italy 1636 uses the French and Savoyard invasion of Spanish Lombardy in 1636 to explore the operation of early modern armies through a neo-Darwinian lens, uncovering the universal features of human behaviour and psychology as they relate to violence and war.