Suchergebnisse

In modern conditions of profound changes in Russian social reality socio-cultural space and social competition became a powerful factor contributing to the mobilization of the activity of individuals, groups, society as a whole. The desire of people to take a more favorable social position, the struggle for various resources construct new models of human behavior, new practices. Social competition is viewed as a form of social ties and the type of social interactions reflecting the ability of achieving goals in conditions of competition with others. It permeates the entire social fabric inherent in various social groups, organizations, including such high-status and complex ones like universities. The article analyzes the sociocultural mechanisms that accompany social competition, such as pragmatization and rationalization of consciousness and behavior, transformation of traditional values. The mechanisms of flexible-contextual rationality, deviations of values from ideal attitudes are analyzed. The practices simulating (imitating) the processes of organizing and implementing various aspects of the educational process at the university are presented. These practices contribute to the successful attainment of the actors' goal, but are dysfunctional in the instrumental aspects related to how goal attainment occurs in a competitive environment. The influence of competitive conditions on the growth of authoritarian and bureaucratic tendencies is shown; usage of presentation paradigm and point-rating system; McDonaldized practices in which quantity is synonymous to quality. Some problems social-humanitarian cycle lecturers reducing their competitiveness, are demonstrated. The analyzed practices reflect the process of constructing the sociocultural space of universities, institutionalizing a new normative-value reality.

Intervention has less to do with problem-solving than with learning, unlearning, and relearning about the vicissitudes and challenges of one's life

Outlines the social aspects of the ongoing process of the restructuring of the economy and of its management, as well as some indirect consequences that 'perestroyka' may produce. Discusses unemployment, living standards, inequality of income, workers' attitudes, territorial differentiation, the shadow economy, public opinion and adjustments to the prospective change and democratization of management and organizational behaviour in Soviet society. (Abstract amended)

The article presents the data of ancient times philanthropy that stemmed from community life and was a consequence of the social nature of man; in Rome, for the first time, social and educational activity was formalized, which resulted from moral and legal norms; in the Judaic religion, help to the needy was treated as one of the most important religious practices. The article discusses the most important forms of social aid in the Western antiquity. Charity, volunteering presented as important components of the social and educational activities of modern institutions. The author emphasizes the need for the formation and development of humanistic consciousness, spiritual and moral consciousness of citizens. Therefore, cooperation between educational institutions, families, non-governmental organizations, volunteer movements, charitable foundations for the expansion of active charitable activities, and the creation of a humanistic society is required.

The culture of each nation is distinctive and is based on the unique worldview of a particular ethnic group. Chi-nese calligraphy is one of the significant manifestations of Chinese national tradition. The aim of the present study is to investigate it in the historical and cultural aspect due to the author's desire to emphasize the speci-ficity of Chinese national art and its historical conditionality in the context of globalizing modernity. Based on Eastern worldview practices, the art of hieroglyphic writing in China is a symbiosis of painting and philosophy. It is emphasized that having originated for practical purposes to convey information in writing, calligraphy gradu-ally transformed into a full-fledged art form enriched with philosophical content. The author examines in detail the history of Chinese calligraphy development, noting its connection with the transformations in the society. Connectedness of hieroglyphic writing with the concepts of "yin" and "yang", which are traditional in Chinese culture, is described. Conclusion dwells upon the fact that preserving the tradition of calligraphy plays an im-portant role in securing Chinese national identity.