Suchergebnisse

"The focus of this book is not only on doing research as course work, but also to organise and conduct the whole research process with a view to publishing important results. The editor's own 7Ps model (Saliya, 2021), will be improved by adding three more essential elements to match the purpose of this book to include activities such as Planning (research design), Programming (time frames, co-ordinating and budgeting) and Publishing. The 10 elements are identified as; 1. Paradigm; Positivism, Interpretivism, Constructivism and Critical thought etc. 2. Perspective; Marxism, Power-knowledge, Feminism, Structuralism, Bourdieu's theory etc. 3. Purpose; Articulating research problem, constructing hypothesis etc. 4. Previous knowledge; literature review, Knowledge gap and significance etc. 5. Planning: Research resign 6. Programming; Ethical issues, timing and budgeting etc. 7. Plot (strategies); Quantitative methods, Introducing commonly used software and their strengths and weaknesses, Qualitative methods, Mixed methods and Quantitative Vs Qualitative debate etc etc. 8. Procedures (methods); Gathering/collecting, recording and storing data/evidence via surveys, interviews, observations and exploring insights etc. 9. Persuasion (drawing conclusions); Developing cogent arguments, methods of reasoning such as deduction, induction and abduction etc. 10. Publishing; Selecting journals, writing abstracts, addressing issues raised by reviewers. This exercise is not a smooth process that moves from one stage to another, or a sequential process like peeling an onion, layer by layer; nor is it a process that starts from roots of ontology and epistemology and spreads like a tree growing upwards for methodology, it is not a straitjacket where the researcher is confined to a particular box"--

This research aims to understand the state of the art in Mexico's e-government research field, research trends, empirical research, e-government access, adoption, and availability of online services. Through a systematic literature review using preferred reporting items for systematic literature reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) methodology, 19 articles were identified from 2000-2020. The findings show that research trends contribute to the study of factors influencing e-government research in Mexico. Additionally, the insufficient number of publications and reports in scholarly journals related to this topic in Mexico supports this claim. It is essential to foster future studies in several areas to address this gap and understand the factors influencing e-government research by citizens in Mexico.

THE EXISTING INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM IS IN CRISIS. BASED ON TOUR INTERRELATED ASSUMPTIONS IT IS SUGGESTED THAT OUR BASIC ASSUMPTIONS ARE NO LONGER VALID. WHAT IS NEEDED TODAY IS A MAJOR ARCHITECTURAL EFFORT INVOLVING COOPERATION, JOINT PLANNING AND CONSULTATION. IT IS SUGGESTED THAT BOTH AN INSTITUTIONAL AS WELL AS A POLITICAL ORGANIZATION IS REQUIRED.

This thesis proposes a Bayesian Influence Diagram (BID) based methodology to construct decision-aiding models to support political-strategic crisis decision making (PSCDM). The key methodological challenges are to adapt a quantitative modelling approach to this time-constrained and subjective process; to construct a general methodology that could be applied to future situations; to overcome the problem of limited access to subject matter experts for model building and validation; to enable elite experts to participate effectively in the largely technical and burdensome process of data elicitation; and to develop an effective and useful model that could complement existing decision processes and support rapid comparison and exploration of options. The methodology is designed around a multidisciplinary review of the literature on the fundamentals of human model-use, decision making under uncertainty, the construction and validation of decision-aiding models across multiple disciplines including operations research, decision support systems and Bayesian networks. From this review a BID based methodology was developed and demonstrated through a case study that focused on Australian Post-Cold War PSCDM. A model was successfully constructed and validated using qualified academics and experts and then applied to a synthetic, but historically-guided, decision situation. A data elicitation framework is proposed and demonstrated, including the use of an interview-ready model that reduces the elicitation burden on interviewees and helps senior decision makers to engage effectively in the elicitation process. Additionally this thesis proposes and demonstrates an integrated model building and validation framework tailored for PSCDM. The demonstration of the methodology in the Australian PSCDM case study identifies improvements for the methodology and areas for future research. Improvements include considering alternate independence of causal influence models within the Bayesian network structure to more effectively reduce ...

This article presents the initial findings of the design research carried out during the last semester by the master of architecture students at Wollega University, Ethiopia. The research goal is the creation of new knowledge to improve the design process. The dissatisfaction with the outcomes of the conventional design approach has led to rising concern and growing awareness of the need to evaluate design outcomes and to learn from the failure. That inadequate understanding of design problems leads frequently to design failure suggests that the evaluation of design outcomes can be made by assessing the way architects develop understanding of design problems, and how they use that understanding for developing knowledge base of the design process. The assumption is that architects' understanding of design problems can be assessed by examining the way data is used for developing the knowledge base of the design process. The students surveyed the architects' views in order to produce knowledge, which can be used to develop methods for discovering how inadequate data contributes to miss-informed design decisions; and methods for assessing the architects' understanding of design problems. In this article the survey findings are analyzed and documented; and, the way the insight drawn from the inquiry can be used in future research for developing design theory, is discussed.Keywords: design outcomes, failure, evaluation, questionnaire, analyze

2917-2921 ; In domestic legal science is absent the theoretical understanding of what elements compose state government and how among them are expressed atypical ones, how they are functioning and what potentially destructive consequences for state government they can lead to. Methodology of their research includes 1) conceptual provisions on which the research is based; 2) methods in possession of subject - researcher; 3) tactics and strategy of research. Form of state government in general and emergence of atypical elements in it in particular is under the impact of multiple internal and external in relation to it factors. Special place in research of atypical elements of state government form is occupied by objective law that can impact at it both positively, initiation positive practices, and destructively, leading to aggregation of large number of defective standards. That's why atypical forms of state government can be divided into innovative and archaic (anachronisms). They can be expressed at different levels of state government form (doctrine, normative of legal-realizational). in its functions and signs, Form of state government of Russia also comprises several atypical elements that are bringing in it certain corrections. Atypical elements are legal result of course of complicated and controversial social-political-legal practices, and their research allows to understand in deep and exact manner, first, how functions and develops the state government, and second, what should be done for its strengthening and counteraction top destructive factors.

Der Beitrag behandelt Methodologie und Geschichte der qualitativen Sozialforschung. Qualitative Sozialforschung ist ein Sammelbegriff für zum Teil sehr verschiedenartige methodologische Ansätze in Psychologie, Soziologie und Pädagogik. Die Arbeit greift die Tatsache auf, dass eine umfassende, fächerübergreifende Methodologie qualitativer Sozialforschung nicht existiert, und stellt einen eigenen Entwurf vor. Zu diesem Zweck wird zunächst die gegenwärtige Lage der qualitativen Methoden in den Sozialwissenschaften untersucht. Darauf aufbauend wird die Aufgabe einer Methodologie in diesem Bereich analysiert. Der Autor wählt in diesem Kontext den Weg nach dem naturwissenschaftlichen Vorbild, das bestimmte Forschungsstrategien und Methoden zur Grundlage nimmt, die ihrerseits aus Alltagsverfahren entwickelt wurden. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden drei Thesen formuliert und aus der Geschichte der naturwissenschaftlichen Methoden begründet. Anschließend stellt der Beitrag drei Arten qualitativer Methodologie nach ihrem Subjekt-Objekt-Bezug dar. Als Beispiele für subjekt-bezogene Theorien werden Hermeneutik, Phänomenologie und die phänomenologische Soziologie erläutert. Die zweite Art qualitativer Methodologie ist die gegenstandsbezogene Methodologie. Beispiele hierfür sind in der Psychoanalyse, aber auch in der Ethnologie zu finden. Abschließend gibt der Beitrag Beispiele für entwicklungsbezogene Methodologien, die z.B. genetische, historische und vor allem dialektische Methodologien umfassen. (ICG)