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The importance of mass media tend to described as the fourth pillar of a nation, that represents democration, after the existence of nation sets of government forces. In line with teori agenda setting thesis emphasize media force to influence society agenda, and in the end will brought particular change towards. Post-reformation, media tend to isolate themselves from society needs although society is their biggest and the most loyal audiences. Thus called mainstream media consider economic importance as the most important aspect, this fact encouraging media to deviate from their main purpose as the provider of idea and knowledge, whether to give out information or to accomodate various needs and interest. This condition known as "the end of media", related with this condition the emergence an alternate known as citizen journalism really needed to balance out information current. The existence of citizen journalism encourage audience to participate as subject and object to control journalistic mechanism.

Book Cover; Title; Copyright; Contents; Photographs; Acronyms; Acknowledgments for the first edition; Acknowledgments for the second edition; Preface to the new edition; The virtuous; Prologue; 1 The tank and the tortoise; 2 Between wars; 3 Global swarming and the Bosnia question; 4 The simulation triangle; 5 The virtual enemy; 6 Virtuous war comes home; 7 Virtuous war goes to Hollywood; 8 Kosovo and the virtuous thereafter; 9 A virtual theory of the global event; 10 After 9/11; 11 Global media in an Age of Infoterror; 12 The desert of the real and the simulacra of war; Notes; Index.

Influencing the policy agenda has long been viewed as one of the most important sources of political power. For decades, scholars have maintained that the president has the most significant role in setting the policymaking agenda in Washington, but little systematic empirical work has been done to measure the president's influence. We explore the president's success in focusing the issue attention of Congress and the mass media by evaluating time-series measures of presidential, mass media, and congressional attention to five issues: crime, education, health care, U.S.-Soviet relations, and the Arab-Israeli conflict. We find that most of the time the president reacts, responding primarily to fluctuations in media attention and world events. In domestic policy, we find a more interactive relationship, one that appears to offer the president the opportunity to act in an entrepreneurial fashion to focus the attention of others in the system on major presidential initiatives. (American Political Science Review / FUB)

"War in 140 Characters examines the role of social media and other forms of 'new media' in changing the face of modern warfare. War is, more than ever, a clash of narratives--with each state/party fighting to control the spread of information and project their narrative to the outside world. Social media has shattered traditional hierarchies between the state and its citizens, enabling the individual or networks of individuals to influence the direction of conflict to a degree previously thought impossible. State militaries now employ official Social Media warriors to influence the narrative online; in Russia, paid trolls flood the internet with pro-Russian tweets, blog posts, and comments in order to create the sense of "authentic" support for the annexation of Crimea. Even private civilians can single-handedly alter the course of war. New media has expanded the arena of conflict into the virtual world, which is every bit as real and often more important than the fighting on the ground. Whether you are a president or a terrorist, if you don't understand how to deploy the power of media effectively you may win the odd battle but you will lose a twenty-first century war. War in 140 Characters provides a new narrative for modern warfare, exploring the way social media has transformed the way that we fight, win, and consume wars, and what that means for the world going forward."--Provided by publisher

The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of how the media generally function in relation to their responsibilities to the state. Knowing that despite the legal protection enjoyed by the media under international conventions and in general domestic legislation, all criminal offenses committed through the media are defined in one way or another by adequate legal norms to prevent and sanction such offenses abusive. During the different periods of law adoption in Kosovo, it is evident that the sphere of criminal and civil liability for criminal offenses committed through the media has changed. This is due to the fact that various provisions have not infrequently been used to restrict freedom of expression, which is otherwise the most basic, but also the most sensitive provision provided by Article 10 of the International Covenant on Human Rights. Therefore, in this paper will be explained the fluidity of the legislation on criminal and civil liability for criminal offenses committed through the media and that starting from international conventions, the Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo, international legislation compared to domestic, comparison of provisions which with the old codes have been defined as criminal offenses, while today those offenses are considered of a civil character and for these offenses there is only civil liability.

After considering various definitions & examples of what terrorism is & what it is not, the symbiotic relationship that exists between terrorism & the mass media is investigated. Each exploits the other, & terrorism has no meaning without media coverage in this age of mass communication. Terrorists use mass media for both tactical & strategic purposes. Data were gathered through an examination of how 70 terrorist reports were handled by the Washington Post, The Times (London, England), the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (West Germany), the Jerusalem Post (Israel), & the Egyptian Gazette. A rate of at least 9 incidents per day worldwide was found; the term "terrorist" was used sparingly, with preference going to such neutral terms as "guerrilla," "rebel," & "paramilitary," or no value-laden adjectives at all. Each country, except Egypt, was found to have its pet terrorists. The question of the effectiveness of terrorism is raised: the press gives terrorists publicity, but often omits the propaganda message that terrorists would like to see accompanying reports of their exploits, thus reducing terrorism to mere crime or sabotage. 1 Table, 21 References. Modified HA

Development Communication: Reframing the Role of the Media; Contents; Tables and Figures; Notes on Contributors; Preface; 1: Introduction to Development Communication; 2: Major Theories Following Modernization; 3: United Nations and Specialized Agencies; 4: The Roles of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs); 5: Differing Views of World Culture; 6: A Framework for Conceptualizing Technology in Development; 7: The Global Digital Divide; 8: Feminism in a Post-Development Age; 9: Sonagachi Project: A Case-Study Set in India; 10: Roma Project: A Case Study Set in Europe.