Suchergebnisse

At present the gender equality and its policy is an important element and a priority in labour market of European Union (EU) and European Employment Strategy (EES). The right to equality opportunities in the labour market to all women and men is one of the most fundamental principles of a modern society in European Union (EU), including Lithuania labour market. Different theoretical approaches to equality in the society are based on culture, political, social values and economic development in the country. The paper analyzes the gap between women and men in labour market. The gap in one fi eld of life (labour market) is related with other fi elds (education, services) and might have an impact on them. The effects of these gaps may be passed from one generation to the next.The article discusses the relationships between labour market and economical growth and later checks how the theory proved itself in the case of Lithuania. Economical growth is one of the main concerns of nowadays economical science, because the economical growth of any country increases the welfare of its citizens.The aim of the research is to determine and characterize women and men equality in Lithuania labour market and to show its relationships with economical growth in the context of European integration.Research methods applied are the comparative analysis of women and men equality in labour market in European Union and Lithuania based on the synthesis of offi cial European Community publications, scientifi c literature and systematic data analysis as well as identifi cation of gender equality dimensions using questionnaire in Lithuania.

The article deals with five attributes of the NGO–municipal relations: institutionalization, intensity, functionality,mutual trust and resource dependence. A theoretical model of NGO–local government relations was formedon the basis of those characteristics. The model is based on normative assumption that institutionalized,intensive, functional, based on mutual trust and in terms of resource independent NGO–municipal relationssustain local democracy.The survey conducted in municipalities of Vilnius city and Ukmerg district revealed that interaction betweenmunicipalities and NGO' s is limited by those major obstacles which is possible to distinguish into three majorproblem groups:• Intolerant attitude of municipal representatives towards NGO;• The lack of activity of NGO' s and citizens in general;• Different attitudes towards cooperation among representatives of municipalities and NGO's which negativelyaffects functionality of interaction.The identified problem groups have proximate relationship, where the first problem group (the attitude ofmunicipal representatives) has an impact on the third one (functionality of cooperation) and the second problemgroup (NGO activity), as research results suggest, may have impact on the first and third problem groups. Theresearch identified differences of interaction between municipalities and NGO' s in Vilnius city and Ukmergëdistrict, it was revealed that NGO' s are more independent and forms of their activities are more varied in Vilniusthan in Ukmergë district. Some problems that cause obstacles to the NGO-municipal interface are closely relatedto the work specifics of non-governmental and municipal organizations as well as civic culture, social psychologyand mentality of the inhabitants of Lithuania.

This paper investigates local government budgeting and local debt with three preoccupations(i) the existence of any legal requirement for a local balanced budget,(ii) a possible control from higher government levels on local budgeting and borrowing and(iii) the implementation of the Maastricht convergence criteria for local public finance.The framework of discussion is given in six sections. The introductory section recalls two issues, Maastrichtand recurring public deficits, which give the general background to the paper. Ten key issues are formulated insection 2. Owing to the heterogeneity of the accounting systems of local finance in Europe, some common definitionsare necessary and are given in section 3. Section 4 presents a sequence of six questions with the intent ofassessing the degree of budget discipline in the particular country. Questions about how the budgetary rules influencethe budgetary position and the fiscal outcome of the communes in one country are presented in section 5.Tentative results are discussed in section 6.

Der Autor referiert in seinem Beitrag über die politische Lage in Europa unter dem Eindruck des Verfalls des kommunistischen Machtbereichs aus der Perspektive des Anfangs des Jahres 1990 heraus. Leitidee ist hierbei die Überlegenheit der freiheitlichen Demokratie westlichen Musters gegenüber totalitären Regierungsformen, insbesondere kommunistischen. Der Verfasser wendet sich im besonderen den Herausforderungen zu, die sich an die Demokratie- und Totalitarismusforschung aufgrund des Zusammenbruchs des sowjetischen Machtbereichs neu ergeben, da die abgesicherten Ergebnisse, nach denen totalitäre Herrschaften im wesentlichen nur gewaltsam aufzulösen seien, nicht mehr zuträfen. Der Verfasser führt zwei Tendenzen an, die zum Machtverlust des Kommunismus geführt haben: eine Tendenz der Verfreiheitlichung der Lebensumstände und einen "begrüßenswerten Kommunikationsimperialismus, der das Lügen- und Legitimationsgewebe des sowjetrussischen Totalitarismus zerrissen" habe. Durch die neue Lage in Deutschland komme zudem eine neue Aufgabe an die Demokratieforschung in der Bundesrepublik hinzu, in der linke Strömungen unberücksichtigt bleiben müßten. (ICC)

AbstractIn the first edition of Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations, published in London in 1776, the 'by the same author' list is presented in a very unusual place: directly opposite the table of contents. That placement suggests a continuity and unity in Smith's published works. A photograph provides a touchstone to discuss: (a) the Language essay, (b) the full title of The Theory of Moral Sentiments, and (c) Wealth of Nations under the ethical umbrella of Moral Sentiments.

"Dieser Band bilanziert die Ergebnisse der Konferenz, die vom 4. bis 6. Juli 2019 in Kooperation mit der Stiftung »Erinnerung Begegnung Integration - Stiftung der Vertriebenen im Freistaat Sachsen«, der Forschungsgemeinschaft 20. Juli 1944 e.V. (»Dorothee Fliess Fond«) und dem Militärhistorischen Museum der Bundeswehr in den Dresdner Räumen des Museums stattfand." (Vorwort)

CIS Microfiche Accession Numbers: CIS 84 S381-27 ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Microfiche. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Literaturverz. S. 220 - 237

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