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SUMMARYIndicators of past wealth –'old money'– typically bestow prestige and contribute to high status. Nobility, a culturally determined, hereditary status marker, might act as such an indicator, and thereby serve as a vehicle for the cultural transmission of economic standing. As an institution, nobility is an anachronism. Status, however, plays an important role in most societies, making individuals allocate valuable resources to status‐enhancing activities. This suggests that even though nobility no longer entails formal privileges, it may continue to be coveted as a status marker. We examine the relative performance of nobility in the marriage market. Data on Swedish marriages provide an opportunity to test the hypothesis that the probability of hypergamy (marrying 'up') in terms of wealth increases when an individual belongs to the nobility. Our main finding is a significantly higher probability of hypergamy for members of the nobility, controlling for own wealth and other covariates. This 'nobility premium' is sizeable. The effect is statistically significant and robust to a number of different measures of hypergamy. This finding has implications for the intergenerational transmission of inequality, and for the longevity of the institution of nobility itself.

AbstractPezzano has offered some relevant considerations to my recently published article Anthropological crisis or crisis in moral status. He advocates for the need to address ontologically and anthropologically the relation between human beings and technologies from the concept of property. Despite its centrality, this concept is taken for granted in the debates on the moral status of artificial intelligence (AI). Both proponents and detractors of the anthropology of properties adopt a position towards it without analyzing in depth what exactly we mean by property. In this reply, I intend to take the thesis put forward in my paper a step further on the basis of Pezzano's commentary. I will defend the urge to explore a complex anthropology, markedly technological, and I will introduce the consequences this may have on the concept of moral status.

It has been by and large accepted that among the Gilyaks of the Amur region and the island of Sakhalin, who practice a very precisely defined form of prescriptive matrilateral cross cousin marriage, wife takers possess superior status vis‐à‐vis the wife givers, an apparent exception to the postulate that the giver has a hold over the taker. In this paper it is shown that the patrilineal Gilyak accord superior status to wife givers and not to wife takers. An analysis of a tale supporting this thesis is offered. It is shown that matrilateral cross cousin prescriptive alliance per se does not create status differentiation, but such factors as primacy of residence and form of land tenure play much more decisive roles in the emergence of classstratification.

We investigated the mental health status of 320 internal migrants in Beijing according to gender, age, marital status, and monthly income, and examined the relationship between their mental health status and social support mechanisms. Participants completed the self-report Symptom Checklist-90-R
and Social Support Rating Scale. Results showed that their mental health was significantly worse than the Chinese adult norm as assessed in 2017. Participants' social support varied according to age, marital status, and monthly income. Female participants younger than 30 years old with a monthly
income lower than 3,000 yuan comprised the group with the most mental health disorder symptoms. They thus required greater personal attention to their health. The results suggested that social support can predict mental health among internal migrants. Directions for further research are discussed.

Kashmir has a special status under Article 370 and 35A of the Indian Constitution, which granted special autonomy of Kashmir. The paper examines the reasons behind the Indian government's policy under Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi to revoke the special status of Kashmir. The question is, why the Indian government revoked the special status of Kashmir in 2019 when the special status has been entrenched in the last 73 years ago. The objective of this research is to identify the reasons behind the Indian government's policy to revoke the special status of Kashmir. By a qualitative research, the findings show that the existence of economic interests is the background for revoking the special status of Kashmir. The research argues that the Indian business group (Taipan) as a major milestone in the success of Narendra Modi campaigns in 2014 and 2019 elections, demanding the Indian government to eliminate regulatory barriers between the center and the regions, to create a national market without any restrictions. Demands given by Taipan cause the dynamics between the central and local governments. This research is expected to assist the development of international relations in political economy studies.

Gender relations in Islam has been the subject of serious debates among scholars in Egypt for many decades. One of the central questions was whether the status and role of women in Egypt were and are primarily influenced by Islam, or they should also be attributed to other social, economic, cultural and political factors. This study will look at the status and role of women in modern Egypt. It is commonly known that traditions based largely on religion (including Islam) and superstition are strong elements in the Egyptian culture. However, this study will show that the inequity in gender relations in modern Egypt should be more attributed to socioeconomic factors than to those religious or theological beliefs. On the other hand, one cannot overlook the formative influence of Islam on the roles of women and men in the country both in the past and in the present. The study suggests that attempts to reinterpret, reassess and re-actualize Islamic doctrines and practices pertaining to the equal status and roles of women in the context of Egyptian culture should also be considered in order to alter the women and men's perception on gender relations.

AFTER ESTONIA BECAME INDEPENDENT IN 1991, A CRUCIAL ASPECT OF THE COUNTRY'S TRANSITION TO A MARKET ECONOMY WAS THE PARTICIPATION OF THE ETHNIC RUSSIAN MINORITY IN THE PRIVATIZATION PROCESS -- BOTH THE TRANSFER OF STATE PROPERTY AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A NEW PRIVATE SECTOR. IN THIS ESSAY, THE AUTHOR FOCUSES ON THE CHANGES IN THE LEGAL STATUS OF ESTONIA'S RUSSIAN MINORITY AS A RESULT OF PRIVATIZATION LEGISLATION DURING 1989-1995. HE DISCUSSES EIGHT PRINCIPAL ELEMENTS: (1) COMPENSATION VALUE; (2) VOUCHERS; (3) LAND OWNERSHIP; (4) FORMS OF PRIVATIZATION; (5) BUSINESS AND LABOR CONDITIONS; (6) POLITICAL, PROFESSIONAL, AND SOCIAL RIGHTS; (7) CITIZENSHIP; AND (8) THE STATUS OF ALIENS.

Assessing the status of a school's graduates is one approach to program evaluation. Of specific concern to students, parents, and teachers is employment and housing. This article describes the findings of a study that evaluated the employment and housing status for five years of graduates from a residential school for the blind. The findings suggest that a high rate of placement was achieved, but that many graduates are not receiving competitive wages. Graduates who were not capable of competitive or supported employment also experienced a high rate of placement. Most of the graduates lived with their parents and were not looking to change this arrangement.

Testimony issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO discussed the year 2000 status of biomedical equipment, focusing on: (1) the status of the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Federal Year 2000 Biomedical Equipment Clearinghouse; (2) compliance status information on manufacturers' web sites referred to in FDA's clearinghouse; (3) FDA's efforts to review the year 2000 activities of manufacturers of computer-controlled, potentially high-risk devices; (4) information on the compliance status of health care providers' biomedical equipment; and (5) information on compliance testing of equipment."

In recent years the European power system has changed significantly, causing the system to be operated closer to the limits. The transition to more renewable generation is causing power injections at different locations from conventional generation. Secondly the integration of the internal electricity market is causing an increase in flows on interconnections between different areas of the European power system. Furthermore the time needed to construct new infrastructure pushes Transmission System Operators (TSOs) to better utilize the installed infrastructure. As the power system is strongly interconnected, a contingency in one area can affect the whole power system and possibly lead to a wide area black out. Therefore adequate defence plans need to be designed and in place to handle these situations. This paper starts with an overview of the terminology used in defence plans. Subsequently the current status of defence plans in Europe and the preferred sequence of actions to mitigate contingencies, is given based on a survey conducted among several European TSOs. Furthermore his paper gives an overview of how the ongoing changes with renewables, phasor measurement units (PMUs), power flow controlling devices and demand side response can affect the adequacy of defence plans.