Suchergebnisse

Many studies of wealth inequality make the ergodic hypothesis that rescaled wealth converges rapidly to a stationary distribution. Under this assumption, changes in distribution are expressed as changes in model parameters, reflecting shocks in economic conditions, with rapid equilibration thereafter. Here we test the ergodic hypothesis in an established model of wealth in a growing and reallocating economy. We fit model parameters to historical data from the United States. In recent decades, we find negative reallocation, from poorer to richer, for which no stationary distribution exists. When we find positive reallocation, convergence to the stationary distribution is slow. Our analysis does not support using the ergodic hypothesis in this model for these data. It suggests that inequality evolves because the distribution is inherently unstable on relevant timescales, regardless of shocks. Studies of other models and data, in which the ergodic hypothesis is made, would benefit from similar tests.

Since independence, Burundi has endured civil war episodes, five successful and two unsuccessful coup d'états. The instability resulted in the collapse of the economy despite the consummation of the Arusha Agreement. This study moves away from the propensity to only view the security challenges as pitting Tutsis and Hutus. Such an analytical tendency generates distortions. This study was qualitative and employed a systematic review research methodology in identifying relevant texts. Document analysis was then used to interpret meaning from documents giving them voice over the study area. The main findings were hinged on conflict causes, key assumptions, violence and instability in the past, impunity and governance, the approach to political realism, truth and reconciliation constraints. This study concludes that although power-sharing could be a necessary move as a measure of building confidence, sharing power is not an adequate condition for sustainable development and peace.

The "in-work at-risk-of-poverty rate" is a European indicator that is based on a series of assumptions rarely questioned although with particularly strong consequences for the calculation of the in-work poverty risk and for the design of policies to combat it. The purpose of this paper is to show the volatility in the measured proportions of working poor according to different methodological choices in terms of the unit of analysis, the measure of income and the population of workers. In a country-specific econometric analysis we show the differential impact of individual characteristics, the household structure and employment-related factors on the in-work poverty risk according to whether individual or equivalised household income is used to measure this risk. Our analysis covers 8 European countries and is based on 2007 data from the European Statistics on Income and Living Conditions.

The international academic workshop held in the Institute for the Humanities, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, with representatives of different philosophical areas, debated over the relevance of concepts inspired by the European Enlightenment, and especially Kant's philosophy, in the search for answers to the global challenges of our time. In their reports and discussion, the participants reviewed the possibilities and restrictions of applying Kant's transcendental philosophy to solving the modern issues of science and applied ethics, law and politics, as well as the importance of modified educational rationality for modern education, the development of critical thinking and the restoration of socially responsible communication between science and society amidst today's global challenges. One of the focuses was the Kant's concept of man and its heuristic capabilities in the era of the booming robotics, genetic and biomedical engineering, and in the conditions of the ever-growing human dehumanization.

A comprehensive clinical, psychological and neurophysiological study shows that even a short course of high-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the frontal left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)) largely enhances and accelerates the effects of antidepressants by relieving the symptoms of depression and improving the functional condition of the brain and impaired cognitive functions used in the logical and intuitive decision-making. Here, the therapeutic effects of TMS rely on the activation of not only the left hemisphere DLPFC itself, but also of a number of related subcortical brain structures. The study shows that high-frequency TMS of the left hemisphere DLPFC as part of a combination treatment of depression is a promising non-invasive non-medicated method for overcoming drug resistance, improving the clinical state, functional state of the brain and cognitive functioning of patients with depression.

The project focuses on the interrelated dynamics between the employment sector and the educational system in the Russian Federation and across regions, identifies structural and regional features of such interconnection. It dwells upon the analysis, simulation and forecasting the process of coordinating the demand for talent and the supply of workforce with different levels of education in the national and regional labor markets. The authors provide insights into the factors and conditions that determine the peculiar interaction of demand for labor and its supply, taking into account the education of the workforce, including, across the regions. The research reviews the findings of simulating the process that coordinates the demand for talent and the supply of workforce with different levels of professional education. It shows the interaction of talent demand and supply with due regard to workforce education in individual regional labor markets.

This study is designed to analyze the perceptions and executions of work culture, the suitability of tasks, and leadership style that would have an impact on performance by using job satisfaction as mediating these conditions. This research was conducted at the Regional Office of the Directorate General of State Wealth (DJKN) in the Aceh Province. Primary data is obtained by circulating questionnaires to 121 workers on the institutions mentioned above using the census method. The primary data from the results of our field analysis using "The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)". From the results of the analysis, we found that work culture, job suitability, and leadership style had a positive impact on performance. In addition, the satisfaction they get in work can trigger movement in performance achievement. From these findings, we need to underline that their average perception is consistent with the practices carried out by participants.

Environmental uncertainty is increasing day by day in increasing competition conditions. Under the uncertainty, corporate executives are confronted with the problem of taking long-term strategic decisions that are both instantaneous and capable of maintaining their assets. Particularly under uncertainty, limited information and focusing on short term and near environment are the most important problems faced by the sustainability of today's companies.The aim of this study is to create a model where managers can create organizational structures that can turn environmental uncertainty into a risk by positively affecting organizational performance. As a result of the study, it has been observed that the institutions where the bottom-up and horizontal information flow structures are formed and the centralization levels are reduced have more detailed information in the sectoral framework and the organizational performance perceived in the context of innovation, quality and productivity has increased.

AbstractDespite the importance of sustainability marketing strategy, its influence on firm performance is still inconclusive. In this study, we explore how and under what conditions sustainability marketing strategy influences firm performance by including the customer as an external stakeholder. Drawing on signaling theory, we test the hypothesized relationships using survey data collected from 264 Chinese firms. The results reveal that customer loyalty partially mediates the relationship between sustainability marketing strategy and firm performance. In addition, our findings indicate that competitive intensity positively moderates the relationship between sustainability marketing strategy and customer loyalty, and the mediating effect of customer loyalty. However, customer trust negatively moderates the relationship between sustainability marketing strategy and customer loyalty, while its moderated mediation is not significant. This study contributes to sustainability marketing literature and practice by providing novel insights into how to enhance firm performance by developing sustainability marketing strategy.

Chilean society has never forgotten Victor Jara, or the tens of thousands of other Chileans persecuted, tortured, exiled, and killed during the dictatorship. The memory of Victor Jara as a cultural giant and committed political activist lives on. But the armed forces continue to resist accountability in this case and others. This article examines the judicial case of Victor Jara, providing updated information on its development and analyzing its significance. Under the current government of socialist Michelle Bachelet, who took office in 2014, political conditions may be more promising for a resolution. But there are strong forces in Chile -- and probably in the US -- opposed to clarifying Jara's murder. Pressure from within Chile and from the international human rights community will be crucial to finally identifying and holding accountable those who authorized and carried out the murder of Victor Jara. Adapted from the source document.

Following the terrorist attacks of 11 Sept 2001, it is imperative that the US acknowledges its own role in the promotion of Islamic militarism. In 1979 the US began funneling funds to tribalist & Islamic insurgents in Afghanistan in an effort to fight the Soviet invasion. Aid also came in from Saudi Arabia, the People's Republic of China, Iran, & private CIA sources. By the time the USSR pulled out of Afghanistan, over 100,000 Muslim radicals had been affected by the jihad. Direct after effects of the war were felt in Algeria, Egypt, Bosnia, Kosovo, & Jordan. Meanwhile, global poverty-generating economic policies increased disease, public debt, & environmental degradation in the Middle East. The global war that has now erupted has been fueled by American dollars & is being fought by armed forces financed & trained by the US. The actions that were taken following 11 Sept 2001 will only worsen existing global conditions. 25 References. K. Larsen

The aim of the author of this article was merely to write an introduction, i.e. to offer some observations on the methods and theories appropriate, in his opinion, to the study of the Christian Syndicalist Movement.In part I he deals with the organisations' internal life. Here he examines in turn:The circumstances of the organisations' foundation, namely partly clerical and doctrinal influences, partly the reactions of the workers. The various ways in which Christian Trade-Unionism is influenced by the clergy. The structure of the confederations, especially the problems of centralism and bureaucracy, democracy and federalism. And finally recruiting-conditions, viz. the degree of confessionalism of the organisation, the religious attitude of the members as a whole, and the distrubution both geographically and vocationally. Here he adds a comparison between the fluctuations in the number of members of Christian and of socialist organisations.

Membres du jury : Mme Sylvie Chevilotte (présidente), Mme Elisabeth Noel (directrice du mémoire), M.Jean-Mars Proust (Université Toulouse 1). ; This study is aimed at Virtual reference Services in Academic Libraries, a proper inventory being drawn up, both in France and Québec. By studying typical examples picked up in Montréal, as well as Province of Québec Universities, including literature reviews and worldwide experiences, I am setting up and suggesting organization plans and establishment programs which could apply to French Academic Libraries, just starting up now, and in the need. I'm also working on the help these plans and programs could get from other Libraries (National, government or local), finding out about institutional conditions and limits of a Virtual Reference Consortium in France. ; Cette étude a pour objet les services de référence virtuelle dans les bibliothèques d'enseignement supérieur, dont une enquête dresse un état des lieux au Québec et en France. A partir de l'exemple de l'Université de Montréal, d'une revue de littérature, ainsi que d'autres expériences, notamment au Québec, nous proposerons des modèles d'organisation ainsi que des processus d'implantation applicables en France, où l'offre dans ce domaine est naissante. Le déploiement d'un service de référence en ligne gagne néanmoins à se faire dans un cadre collaboratif ; nous allons donc étudier les atouts, les contraintes et les conditions de la création d'un réseau coopératif en France.

International audience ; On estime généralement que la représentation collective pose de nombreux problèmes dans les métiers de la culture pour les raisons suivantes : individualisation du travail et des carrières, précarité de l'emploi, faible syndicalisation et forte différenciation des métiers. Nous avons éprouvé ce constat en étudiant une association créée en 2007 visant à défendre les intérêts des commissaires d'exposition d'art contemporain en France. Notre enquête se fonde sur des archives de l'association, l'observation de ses assemblées générales et sur les résultats d'une enquête sociologique récente sur l'activité de commissaire d'exposition dans le monde de l'art contemporain français. Développée au cours de ces trente dernières années en France, cette activité est aujourd'hui peu formalisée et particulièrement dynamique. Le nombre de personnes concernées a pu être évalué à quasiment un millier, dont une majorité sont des travailleurs indépendants ne vivant pas, ou très difficilement, de cette activité. Nous nous interrogeons ici sur les conditions sociales et politiques de naissance de l'association étudiée et sur les obstacles qu'elle rencontre pour se développer, en particulier au sein de la population des commissaires d'exposition. Il ressort de cette étude de cas que, plutôt que des facteurs sociaux génériques censés entraver l'action et la représentation collective dans les métiers de la culture, deux facteurs doivent être pris en compte pour expliquer ces difficultés : l'écart entre les propriétés sociales des candidats à la fonction de porte-parole et celles de leurs représentés potentiels ; le rôle de l'État, qui n'est pas toujours en mesure d'investir dans la durée les ressources nécessaires à l'autonomie des représentants dont il a pourtant favorisé l'émergence, comme dans le cas de l'association étudiée.