Emergence and development of liberalism in Russia
In: Scientific bulletins of the Belgorod State University Series History Political science, Band 45, Heft 3, S. 573-580
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In: Scientific bulletins of the Belgorod State University Series History Political science, Band 45, Heft 3, S. 573-580
In: Scientific bulletins of the Belgorod State University Series History Political science, Band 45, Heft 3, S. 405-414
In: Scientific bulletins of the Belgorod State University Series History Political science, Band 45, Heft 3, S. 415-426
In: Scientific bulletins of the Belgorod State University Series History Political science, Band 45, Heft 3, S. 447-453
In: Scientific bulletins of the Belgorod State University Series History Political science, Band 45, Heft 3, S. 519-529
In: Enterprise & society: the international journal of business history, Band 19, Heft 4, S. 979-1013
ISSN: 1467-2235
This article examines the evolution of cryptology as a business trait and a distinct state-controlled and -regulated profession in sixteenth-century Venice. It begins by briefly discussing the systematic development of cryptology in the Renaissance. Following an examination of the amateur use of codes and ciphers by members of the Venetian merchant and ruling classes, and subsequently by members of all layers of Venetian society, the article moves on to discuss the professionalization of cryptology in sixteenth-century Venice. This was premised on specialist skills formation, a shared professional identity, and an emerging professional ethos. The article explores a potential link between the amateur use of cryptology, especially as it had been instigated by merchants in the form of merchant-style codes, and its professional use by the Venetian authorities. It also adds the profession of thecifrista—the professional cipher secretary—to the list of more "conventional" early modern professions.
In: Enterprise & society: the international journal of business history, Band 19, Heft 3, S. 740-742
ISSN: 1467-2235
In: Enterprise & society: the international journal of business history, Band 19, Heft 3, S. 747-750
ISSN: 1467-2235
In: Enterprise & society: the international journal of business history, Band 19, Heft 3, S. 561-569
ISSN: 1467-2235
This comment attempts, first and foremost, to place Phil Scranton's article within the overall trajectory of his career as a writer and historian. A common theme of that career has been complicating—or, as this comment puts it, "mucking up"—existing historical narratives. Finally, this comment suggests that Scranton's role as complicator sometimes gives too little guidance for how his thoughts connect to existing literature, and it puts forward some possible avenues for future exploration that spring from Scranton's examination of communist enterprise.
In: Enterprise & society: the international journal of business history, Band 19, Heft 3, S. 745-747
ISSN: 1467-2235
In: Enterprise & society: the international journal of business history, Band 19, Heft 3, S. f1-f5
ISSN: 1467-2235
In: Enterprise & society: the international journal of business history, Band 19, Heft 3, S. b1-b2
ISSN: 1467-2235
In: Enterprise & society: the international journal of business history, Band 19, Heft 3, S. 491-491
ISSN: 1467-2235
In: Enterprise & society: the international journal of business history, Band 19, Heft 3, S. 738-740
ISSN: 1467-2235
In: Enterprise & society: the international journal of business history, Band 19, Heft 3, S. 733-737
ISSN: 1467-2235