Suchergebnisse

[début du texte] Rendre compte de la transformation des rapports sociaux et économiques qui façonnent le regard, économique ou non, sur les métiers de l'éducation, conduit à se poser un certain nombre de questions. Où en sont par exemple, par rapport à cette transformation, les débats scientifiques dans la France des années 90 ? Quelles sont les directions prises ? Si la période précédente s'est largement intéressée à la nature sociale et politique de la condition enseignante, la perspective globalisante est, semble-t-il, abandonnée au profit d'une observation des acteurs. Des convergences inédites, bien que non toujours perçues, se sont manifestées dans les recherches ayant des points de départ et des ressources conceptuelles assez diverses. Ainsi l'analyse de l'action au quotidien est-elle remise actuellement au premier plan (notamment avec les travaux enéconomie de l'éducation sur les "effets maîtres"). De même, de nombreuses recherches font référence à une culture de métier en mutation.

According to David Osborne and Peter Plastrik Criteria, this study shows how the National Tourism Organization or the local tourism institutions can be more efficient with a better efficacy, adapting theirselvest to the new concept. The public administration improvements depend on the changes in proposals (objectives), incentive plans, a better definition on responsability of each level of administration and the power and the culture of the organization. ; Siguiendo los criterios de David Osborne y Peter Plastrik, el trabajo desarrolla el tema de cómo hacer que el Organismo Nacional de Turismo o la Institución Turística Local, sea más eficiente y eficaz, adaptándose al nuevo contexto. Para ello, la base que se selecciona es la tesis que sostiene: que la transformación de la Administración Pública del Turismo sólo puede lograrse cambiando los propósitos (la misión), los incentivos, la responsabilidad a cada nivel de gestión, así como la estructura de poder y la cultura organizacional.

Renoving Stabex, by Paul Collier, Patrick Guillaumont, Sylviane Guillau-mont Jeanneney and Jan Gunning
This paper considers the rationale and possible modalities of a reform of « Stabex », the scheme set up by the Lomé Conventions to stabilize (agricultural) export proceeds. Such a reform could take place when the Convention between the ACP countries and the European Union is renewed. The problem is to reconcile the system's two initial principles: automatic functioning swift Stabex transfers and the agricultural aims ― two principles which have not been satisfied properly in recent years owing to increasing payment time-lags, the fungible nature of the allocations and a Dutch disease syndrome. The proposed solutions are to plan in advance for an agreement between the ACP State and the European Commission on rules for swift use of Stabex funds, based on (price or crop) insurance or (price) stabilization schemes managed outside the government budget.

Metadata only record ; Recent years have witnessed the emergence of a loosely woven transnational movement, based particularly on advocacy by nongovernmental organizations working with local groups and communities, on the one hand, and national and transnational organizations, on the other, to build and extend new versions of environmental and social advocacy that link social justice and environmental management agendas. Once of the most significant developments has been the promotion of community-based natural resource management programs and policies. However, the success of disseminating this paradigm has raised new challenges, as concepts of community, territory, conservation, and indigenous are worked in to politically varied plans and programs in disparate sites. We outline a series of themes, questions, and concerns that we believe should be addressed both in the work of scholars engaged in analyzing this emergent agenda, and in the efforts of advocates and donor institutions who are engaged in designing and implementing such programs.

Bedingungen und Prozesse der Entwicklung des Leistungsstrebens
und -verhaltens junger Werktätiger.

Themen: Zukunftssicht; Lebensziele und Lebensplanung;
Weltanschauung; DDR-Verbundenheit; persönliche Bedeutung der
Arbeit; Motive für Leistungsstreben; Bereitschaft zu
Arbeitsplatzwechsel; Selbsteinschätzung der eigenen
Arbeitsleistung, Erfüllung von Arbeitsanforderungen,
Charakteristik; Bemühung um Arbeitsoptimierung,
Arbeitszeitauslastung; Arbeitsunfähigkeit; Auszeichnung für
Arbeitsleistung; Vorschläge bei Plandiskussion, Resultate;
Anforderung der beruflichen Tätigkeit, körperliche und geistige
Beanspruchung; Charakteristik der Arbeitstätigkeit;
Mikroelektronik im Arbeitsprozeß; Normerfüllung; Vielfältigkeit
der Teiltätigkeiten; Notwendigkeit fachlicher Weiterbildung;
berufliches Engagement; Zufriedenheit mit Arbeitsplatz;
Atmosphäre im Arbeitskollektiv, Faktoren für Anerkennung;
Mitglied einer Jugendbrigade; Zeitaufwand für gesellschaftliche
Tätigkeit; Zufriedenheit mit Arbeitsbedingungen; Schwerpunkte bei
Leistungsbewertung durch Leiter; demographische Angaben; feste
Partnerbeziehung, eigene Kinder; höchste berufliche Qualifikation
- gegenwärtig und zukünftig; Arbeit im erlernten Beruf,
offizielle Bezeichnung der Arbeitstätigkeit, gegenwärtige
Tätigkeit; SED- bzw. FDJ-Mitgliedschaft; Aktivität, MMM-Mitarbeit
der FDJ-Gruppe im Betrieb; staatliche Leitungsfunktion im
Arbeitsprozeß, Disziplinarbefugnisse, erneute Leiterbereitschaft;
Veränderungen in der Arbeitstätigkeit im letzten Jahr; berufliche
Pläne; Bestimmung des Wegs zur Erfüllung der Arbeitsaufgabe,
Zusammenarbeit mit Kollegen; Kenntnis der Bedeutung der
Arbeitsaufgabe, Folge bei Nichterfüllung; persönliche Bedeutung
verschiedener Faktoren der Arbeitstätigkeit;
Kommunikationsinhalte und -häufigkeit im Arbeitskollektiv,
Zufriedenheit; Bedingungen für Arbeitserfolge und
Arbeitsmißerfolge; Charakteristik des unmittelbaren Leiters;
Einstellung zur Freizeitgestaltung; Gedanken in der Freizeit über
Arbeitsleistungen; täglicher Freizeitumfang und Zufriedenheit
damit, Mitarbeit in Arbeitsgemeinschaften; Formen sportlicher
Aktivität; Interessen.

À propos du débat féministe sur le thème égalité/différence, l'auteure propose une approche dynamique du concept d'égalité. Dans la tradition juridique européenne, le principe d'égalité, bien que sans cesse contesté, n'a jamais été synonyme du terme identité et suppose au contraire que les personnes ou les objets comparés soient différents. Le fait d'assimiler l'égalité à l'identité renvoie au contexte américain, distinct sur le plan légal, et c'est une démarche trompeuse, comme le montre l'article. Les théories féministes postmodernes en matière de droit sont critiquées car elles négligent les disparités de contexte et la dynamique historique. Il est évident que les mouvements sociaux, et surtout le mouvement des femmes, ont joué un rôle majeur en donnant un sens nouveau au concept d'égalité. L'Allemagne en offre un exemple, l'accent étant mis ici sur la distinction entre droit et morale et sur ce que signifie la garantie constitutionnelle de l'égalité.

We studied members of the subsidized Basic Health Plan (BHP)from four managed health care organizations (MHCO). We compared low-income enrollees' and disenrollees' satisfaction with benefits, membership, and care from their MHCOs. Enrollees disenrolled primarily because they became insured through an employer, their income increased, or they moved out of the area. These disenrollees were less satisfied overall and with the amount of premiums and the total amount of medical costs covered. Disenrollees were also less satisfied with the ease and convenience of obtaining care, availability of phone advice, and quality of care. Disenrollees were more likely to be employed or to have a family member in fair or poor health. Satisfaction was high with MHCOs, although it varied considerably by site, particularly with ability to select doctors. Respondents reported affordability the most desired feature and lack of prescription coverage the least desired feature. Overall, disenrollment was not associated highly with dissatisfaction.

Argues that previous evaluative studies of the impact of information technology (IT) on accounting have focused too much on accountants, and thus have largely neglected broader social and organizational issues. Adopting a contingency perspective, investigates the relationship between IT and corporate financial reporting through the analysis of responses to a postal questionnaire survey of 1,515 UK public companies. Finds that IT use is associated more with internal reporting change (IRC) than with external reporting change (ERC), implying that IT use may have enlarged the information asymmetry between internal and external users. The association between IT use and IRC is found to be stronger in smaller companies than in large ones; and the correlation between IT use and ERC is found to vary depending on the existence of a management compensation plan, and to be conditional on the level of gearing. Discusses the implications of these findings.

AbstractThe decline of the former Manchester Docks and its resurgence as Salford Quays is described. The isolation of water within the Quays from the Manchester Ship Canal was a principal proposal of the development plan, and the water‐treatment system which was installed has been highly successful in creating a thriving aquatic ecosystem and enabling water‐based recreation activities to take place. Whilst the water quality within the Quays is excellent, outside in the Manchester Ship Canal it remains grossly polluted. Under the auspices of the Mersey Basin campaign, the various partners are involved in a major project to clean up the canal. The Lowry Centre, a Millennium Fund bid, is giving an added impetus to this work. The conclusions identify the involvement of the local council as being critical to the success of the project, and that a respect for quality has been essential, as has a long‐term commitment to an overall vision.

The process of thought applied to establish a thesis topic has been one of non-acceptance of the situations on face value. As such the future profitability of the Nissan Stamping Plant has been considered. A mental model has been established in the authors mind that a definite problem exists within this area. This has led to the formulation of a framework that can be used to handle the problem of low profits that will eventually lead to the closure of the operation. Status-Quo has remained within the operations for almost 25 years, but now changes in Government Legislation pose threats. This leads to the question of how can the profits be improved. The framework was built around a philosophy of continual search for the truth. The scientific method has been applied to understand the theories of a single or double loop response whilst proceeding through the Plan, Do, Check, and Action cycle.

The objective of this handbook is to provide a description of practical methods which are useful in designing and executing effective environmental assessments (EAs) to those who are involved in various aspects of road projects, from planning to construction to maintenance. This handbook is primarily concerned with specific road projects, ranging from major works on new alignments to minor rehabilitation and maintenance activities on existing roads. The techniques discussed can be applied to in-depth environmental assessment studies, or to modest action plans for dealing with environmental aspects of small projects. As EA practitioners are by no means the only set of participants in the EA process, this handbook is not limited to their exclusive use. People representing the project proponents, government agencies, NGOs, research groups, and community organizations, as well as any others whose input is desired in both the project development and EA processes, are all intended handbook users.

Early American political thinkers deemed universal education essential to the proper functioning of a republican form of government. Accordingly, each state developed a public school system supported by general taxation. The Washington Constitution requires the system to be both "general" and "uniform." Common schools, for which certain school funds are constitutionally reserved, are the most important and only mandatory component of the system. Recent charter school proposals raise questions as to whether such institutions fit within a general and uniform system and whether they are "common schools" entitled to common school funds. In order to provide a framework for such an analysis, this Comment surveys the history and development of common schools in the United States and particularly in Washington State. It then interprets Washington's Education Article in light of the original purposes of state-funded public education and concludes that the concept of independent "charter" schools is inconsistent with the comprehensive constitutional plan.

This is a conference paper. ; Hanoi's 36 national hospitals and specialized clinics are the largest hospitals and which have the best equipment in the country. Seriously ill patients from all provinces in the North are transferred to those hospitals for treatment. Nearly all beds are occupied. In most of those hospitals, costs are shared by the government and patients. The government supply facilities and the base salaries fore medical staff. Due to insufficient budgets, the physical infrastructure of most of hospitals is poor and backward according to international standards. Under those conditions, the waste collection and processing of clinical and non-clinical hospital also lacks of both physical infrastructure and knowledge fore management hazardous waste. This paper will review and compare the classification, processing, reuse, and recycling of waste in 24 of 36 Hanoi hospitals and specialized clinics, and also about the plan, and the role of private waste collectors and recyclers.

Toxic substances generated during the metabolism of alcohol in the liver may contribute to the development of alcoholic liver disease. These substances include highly reactive molecules that can destroy vital cell components through a process called oxidation. Cells are protected against oxidation by the action of certain enzymes, vitamins, and other substances, known collectively as antioxidants. An imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants can lead to oxidative stress, characterized by escalating cell damage. Evidence suggests that the major energy-generating structures within cells (i.e., mitochondria) may be especially sensitive to oxidative stress, resulting in diminished energy production. Medications that reduce oxidative stress in mitochondria may ameliorate liver disease. ; The work presented in this review was supported by National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism grant AA09526, Direccion General Politica Cientifica y Tecnica grant PM 95–0185, Fondo Investigaciones Sanitarias grant FISS 94–0046/01, Plan Nacional de I+D grant SAF 97–0087–C01, and Europharm ; Peer Reviewed

A government agency commissioned a baseline study of how its customers view the agency's risk information. The 70% response rate to a mail survey allows analysis by subgroups representing customers'primary interests. Although this agency traditionally has been responsible for ensuring plant and animal health at the farm gate (or where imported), responses emphasized emerging customer concerns about the environment and human health. Customers think many risk communication activities are important, but that the agency is not especially effective in conducting those activities. Customers are moderately satisfied with much of the risk information they receive, although many have little contact from or interaction with the agency. Customers identified other sources they use, which suggest potentially effective channels for this agency's risk messages. The study provides a baseline for measuring change in the agency's risk communication effectiveness. It also can be a model when other organizations plan their own risk communication evaluations.