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Book reviewed in this article:A BIT OF A REBEL: The Life and Work of George Arnold Wood. By R.M. CrawfordAUSTRALIAN THEMES. The Times Literary SupplementTHE ORIGINS OF NEW ZEALAND DIPLOMACY: The Agent‐General in London 1870–1905. By R.M. DalzielJEWS IN AUSTRALIAN SOCIETY. Edited by Peter Y. MeddingTHE GREAT WHITE WALLS ARE BUILT: Restrictive Immigration to North America and Australasia 1836–1888. By Charles A. PriceAUSTRALIAN COMMENTARIES: Select Articles from the Round Table 1911–1942. Edited by L.L. RobsonPATRICK McMAHON GLYNN: Letters to His Family (1874–1927). Edited by Gerald Glynn O'Collins, SJTHE TRANSFER OF POWER 1942–7. Vol. 5. The Simla Conference: Background and Proceedings 1 September 1944–28 July 1945. Edited by Nicholas Mansergh and Penderel MoonTHE LAST DAYS OF UNITED PAKISTAN. By G.W. ChoudhuryHENRY III AND THE JESUIT POLITICIANS. By A. Lynn MartinEDWARD IV. By Charles RossCHANGE AND CONTINUITY IN SEVENTEENTH CENTURY ENGLAND. By Christopher HillTHE POLITICS OF ILLUSION: The Fischer Controversy in German Historiography. By John A. MosesHUME'S PHILOSOPHICAL POLITICS. By Duncan ForbesUP THE MAIN STREAM: A Critique of Ideology in American Politics and Everyday Life. Edited by Herbert G. ReidKEIR HARDIE: Radical and Socialist. By Kenneth O. MorganBRITISH CABINET MINISTERS: The Roles of Politicians in Executive Office. By Bruce HeadeyLÉOPOLD SÉDAR SENGHOR: An Intellectual Biography. By J.L. HymansCHINA'S POLICY IN AFRICA 1958–1971. By A. OgunsanwoSWAZILAND: The Dynamics of Political Modernisation. By C. P. PotholmMOROCCO UNDER COLONIAL RULE: French Administration of Tribal Areas 1912–1956. By R. BidwellTRADITIONAL ATTITUDES AND MODERN STYLES IN POLITICAL LEADERSHIP. Edited by A. R. DavisTHE STRONG BROWN GOD: the Story of the Niger River. By Sanche de GramontTHE FAMILY AND SEX ROLES. By Aida K. TomehTHE INDIAN OCEAN AND THE THREAT TO THE WEST. Edited by Patrick WallCONSERVATIVE POLITICS IN FRANCE. By Malcolm AndersonPROTEST IN PARIS: Anatomy of a Revolt. By Bernard E. BrownTHE LIFE AND TIMES OF SUKARNO. By C.L.M. PendersCHINA AND THE WORLD COMMUNITY. Edited by Ian WilsonTHE SOVIET UNION AND THE ARAB EAST UNDER KRUSHCHEV. By O.M. SmolanskyMILOVAN DJILAS: Parts of a Lifetime. Edited by Michael and Deborah MilenkovitchWOMEN IN EXILE: Wives of the Decembrists. By Anatole G. Mazour

When Heaven and Earth Collide is an investigation into what went wrong in the American South in regard to race and religion'and how things can be and are being made right. Why, in a land filled with Christian churches, was there such racial oppression and division' Why didn't white evangelicals do more to bring racial reconciliation to the South during the 19th and 20th centuries' These questions are asked and answered through an exploration of history, politics, economics, philosophy, and social and theological studies that uncovers the hidden impetus behind racism and demonstrates how we can still make many of the same errors today'just perhaps in different ways. The investigation finally leads us in hopeful directions involving how to live out the better way of Jesus with an eye on heaven in a world still burdened and broken under the sins of the past

This article argues that live cattle futures, launched in 1964 in Chicago, were revolutionary for professional economics, the derivatives industry, and the beef cattle industry because cattle were the first successful "non-storable" derivatives. Since the late nineteenth century, the ability of derivatives to provide financial services to risk-averse farmers rested on the assumption that futures were interchangeable with physical commodities in storage. Live cattle futures upset theories and norms, which enabled experiments in increasingly abstract forms of speculation and tremendous growth in the derivatives industry. Economists, exchange leaders, and commodity producers cooperated to make live cattle futures work, but they all understood and felt their impacts differently. The article applies market performativity theory to better understand how financial instruments and markets became first less and later more physically abstract over time. The article reveals that the changing materiality of derivatives also led to changes in the social purpose of speculative finance. Sources include published economics articles, conference proceedings, congressional hearings, historical newspapers, and archival records from the derivatives and cattle industries.

It is my pleasure to introduce Volume 25, No. 2 of Enterprise and Society. In this issue, we are pleased to present a special section on "Corporate Responses to Racial Unrest," guest-edited by Michael Thate and Tyesha Maddox. The section commences with a scene-setting introduction from the guest editors, followed by three papers. The first is from Keith Hollingsworth on the aftermath of the Atlanta race riot of 1906, followed by Mattie Webb on an exercise in the art of the possible, waging the battle against Apartheid in South African workplaces. This section is rounded off by Sethulego Matebesi's exploration of responses to civil society mobilization among South African mining companies. Taken together, these four essays break important new ground and indicate promising lines of future research.

The construction sector has long been underrepresented in business historical studies and debates. While an application of the "historical alternatives to mass production" approach has provided a valuable conceptual framework, this paper offers a still-needed quantitative basis to assess actual long-term changes and continuities in the forms of business organization and entrepreneurship in construction. A database of c. 16,700 construction enterprises in Brussels between 1830 and 1970, drawn from trade directories and fiscal registers, uncovers evolutions in sectoral and subsectoral numbers of enterprises, firm sizes, and rates of company formation. Thus, the growing divergence at the core of the construction industry becomes clear. Industrialization and urbanization led to market concentration, firm growth, and incorporation with some capital-intensive enterprises, whereas the variability of the work on the construction site resulted, with many others, in the persistence of labor-intensive processes, and small-scale, flexible, and informal forms of business organization.

In line with recent research that regards the Second World War as a "defining moment" rather than a temporary disruption to the development of consumer societies, this paper explores how consumers were imagined in nonbelligerent Sweden. The main empirical source material consists of business-to-business advertisements from newspaper and magazine publishers aimed at potential advertisers. There, publishers portrayed their readers as suitable consumers, and, given that the division of the press constituted the main infrastructure for reaching different consumer groups, this is interpreted as a key to understanding market segmentation processes. The findings show how geographical, demographic, and psychological factors were considered in optimizing advertising influence and reaching classed and gendered target audiences. Although the segmentation process consolidated during the war, focusing on stable, large consumer groups, the imagined consumer also underwent fundamental changes, combating anxiety and despair through dreams of both future and present patriotic consumption.

In this article, we explore the impact of colliery closure programs across the nationalized British coal industry. We chart the regional disparities in these and the mobilization of community opposition to national protests, leading to the national miners' strikes of 1972, 1974, and 1984–5. This article demonstrates how closures have changed the industrial politics of mining unions for miners, junior officials, and managers and have increasingly alienated NCB officials and mining communities. We demonstrate how this undermined the ideals of nationalization. This is examined through moral economic frameworks and within the context of changes to the UK's energy mix, with implications for contemporary deliberations on public ownership, energy transitions, and regional development.

Like other creative industries emerging in mid-1945 from 12 years of Nazi rule, including six years of war, German publishing was ideologically suspect, internationally isolated, and insular. By the 1950s, however, the book trade in the two German successor states was once again varied and vibrant. And it was also tightly integrated into the international publishing business, within which it had become an increasingly active and important presence. This article analyzes the development of the German book publishing industry during the Allied occupation, 1945-1949, through the lens of knowledge transfer. It was a time during which capital-starved German publishers harnessed the political and ideological objectives of the occupiers and their prewar contacts to achieve their own commercial and cultural ambitions, including taking initial steps toward internationalization. The focus is on literary fiction, a genre that constituted a minority of all published output in the postwar period, but which also included all top bestsellers. Literature in translation, moreover, accounted for a substantial proportion of those bestselling books, and at the same time represented a key vehicle for internationalization. Two case studies, one drawn from the Soviet zone of occupation, the later East Germany, and one from the western zones that came to be dominated by the Americans, the later West Germany, illustrate two different, yet remarkably similar paths through which this interplay of ideological alignment and commerce played out among a range of actors and laid the basis for the subsequent development of the industry.