Suchergebnisse

Introducción. ; Introduction. ; Vargas Arenas, Iraida ; Apuntes sobre las investigaciones prehistóricas en México y América. ; Aspects of research on prehistoric México and the Americas. ; Bate, Luis F. y Terrazas, Alejandro ; Analogías poderosas: el uso de la analogía para el estudio arqueológico de la complejidad social prehispánica y colonial temprana en el oriente venezolano. ; Powerful analogies: the use of analogy in the study of the archeology of the pre-hispanic social complex and early colonization in the eastern part of Venezuela. ; Navarrete Sánchez, Rodrigo ; Origen de las fachadas geohistóricas de Venezuela. ; Origin of the geohistorical facades in Venezuela. ; Sanoja, Mario ; Arqueología de la región Sicarigua-Los Arangues, estado Lara, Venezuela. ; Archeology in the sicarigua-Los Arangues region in the state of Lara in Venezuela. ; Molina, Luis E. ; La conservación del patrimonio histórico. Nuevas propuestas desde la arqueología a la luz de la democracia participativa y protagónica. ; Conservation of historical ethnicity. New proposals from archeology to participatory democratic competition. ; Vargas Arenas, Iraida ; Recensión. ; Review. ; Meneses Pacheco, Lino Y Gordones Rojas, Gladys ; 311-334 ; msanoja@reacciun.ve ; trimestral ; Nivel analítico

The Nature of Division: Ethnicity, Nationalism and Sectarianism -- The Significance of Social Class -- The Status and Position of Women -- Official Representations of the Conflict in Northern Ireland: The British State and the Media -- Alternative Representations of the Conflict in Northern Ireland: Republican and Loyalist murals

In debates on methodology, reflexivity describes an analytical practice whereby researchers take the context of the research situation into account, including the influence researchers have on the study and its results. Following constructivist epistemological principles, reflexivity is a required component of qualitative methodologies. There are various approaches as to what aspects of the researcher and the situation to consider - and how to go about them. In this paper, I propose that researcher reflexivity not only serves analytical, but also ethical purposes. Using an example from a qualitative organizational study, I show that field experiences can be both an insightful datum for analysis as well as grounds for "ethics in practice." Ethical reflexivity involves considering the social and political implications of research, avoiding harm, and ensuring participants' rights while striving for accountability in pursuing scientific goals. These multiple tasks create tension and contradictory demands on researchers, which are not easily resolved. Yet the way forward lies in addressing the challenges and seeking solutions not only with scientific peers, but also in dialogue with actors in the field.

The field of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) has grown considerably in recent decades and is receiving increasing recognition from health policymakers. Today, DOHaD research aims to offer a comprehensive perspective on health and disease that traces how different life experiences shape health and disease risks over the entire life course. This integrative perspective opens up distinct possibilities for improving health. At the same time, it raises questions regarding the specific social responsibilities of DOHaD as a field and about possible pathways to a socially just and scientifically robust implementation of DOHaD knowledge in society. In this article, we review the history and key characteristics of DOHaD as a field of scientific knowledge production. We argue that based on its key assumptions – that life circumstances, health and disease are closely linked on a molecular scale – DOHaD is an inherently political research field. When tracing how life environments affect health and disease, it is of utmost social and political importance to specify how DOHaD understands and frames these life environments, which aspects of life worlds are included and which excluded, and how research results are interpreted and translated into health recommendations at individual, societal and policy levels. We suggest a number of ways by which the DOHaD community can constructively and responsibly meet the demands that these inherent characteristics place on knowledge production and dissemination in the field.

One of the important tasks of social helpers is empowerment of vulnerable groups. One of these vulnerable groups is female household heads. One of the practices that can help empowering of them is to encourage female household heads to financial independence. Entrepreneurship is something that can lead to financial independence of female household heads. Moreover, entrepreneurship can lead to better mental and social health of this vulnerable group. The first step in empowering female household heads through entrepreneurship is to identify their obstacles and entrepreneurship problems. Because by identification of these barriers it can be done more appropriate measures in order to empower them. So, the aim of the present study is to identify entrepreneurship barriers of female household heads covered by Welfare Organization in Tehran. The method of the current study is survey. The statistical population of this research is all female household heads covered by Welfare Organization in Tehran that 350 of them were selected randomly.In order to collect data in this research, researcher-built questionnaire was used. In this research, the face validity and content aspect of the questionnaire were confirmed and reliability coefficient was obtained 0.81 using Cronbach's alpha indicating desirable reliability of research questionnaire. The questionnaires were completed through self-creativity and then data were analyzed using SPSS software. Among problems that women encountered with them, the first ten ones are respectively the loss of fund to begin a job, existence of strictly official rules, gender discrimination and ignoring the ability of women by the society and responsible organizations, ignoring women in management affairs, over-concern about paying back the loans, emphasis on having personal fund instead of borrowing it from others, loss of pawn in order to get a loan, lack of proper support by government and governmental organizations, few facilities to begin a job by sponsor organizations, and unsuitable behavior of some organizations due to promotion of male-dominating in the society that statistically meaningful difference in prioritizing of these barriers was seen (p < 0.05). Considering the findings of the current research, the programs in order to support female household heads economically and special facilities for them can provide their entrepreneurship basis. Also, gender discriminations against women especially female household heads can be decreased through acculturating using media and national media. The findings of the current research can be useful for social helpers, sponsor organizations and policymakers in direction of empowering the female household heads.

"In this study, I examine the life narrative of a female factory labourer, Elsa Koskinen (née Kiikkala, born in 1927). I analyze her account of her experiences related to work, class and gender because I seek to gain a better understanding of how changes in these aspects of life influenced the ways in which she saw her own worth at the time of the interviews and how she constructed her subjectivity. Elsa's life touches upon many of the core aspects of 20th-century social change: changes in women's roles, the entrance of middle- class women into working life, women's increasing participation in the public sphere, feminist movements, upward social mobility, the expansion of the middle class, the growth of welfare and the appearance of new technologies. What kind of trajectory did Elsa take in her life? What are the key narratives of her life? How does her narrative negotiate the shifting cultural ideals of the 20th century? A life story, a retrospective evaluation of a life lived, is one means of constructing continuity and dealing with the changes that have affected one's life, identity and subjectivity. In narrating one's life, the narrator produces many different versions of her/him self in relation to other people and to the world. These dialogic selves and their relations to others may manifest internal contradictions. Contradictions may also occur in relation to other narratives and normative discourses. Both of these levels, subjective meaning making and the negotiation of social ideals and collective norms, are embedded in life narratives.
My interest in this study is in the ways in which gender and class intersect with paid labour in the life of an ordinary female factory worker. I approach gender, class and work from both an experiential and a relational perspective, considering the power of social relationships and subject formations that shape individual life at the micro-level. In her narratives Elsa discusses ambivalence related to gendered ideals, social class, and especially the phenomenon of social climbing as well as technological advance.
I approach Elsa's life and narratives ethnographically. The research material was acquired in a long-standing interview process and the analysis is based on reflexivity of the dialogic knowledge production and contextualization of Elsa's experiences. In other words I analyze Elsa's narratives in their situational but also socio-cultural and historical contexts. Specific episodes in one's life and other significant events constitute smaller narrative entities, which I call micro-narratives. The analysis of micro-narratives, key dialogues and cultural ideals embedded in the interview dialogues offers perspectives on experiences of social change and the narrator's sense of self"

This article provides a critical review of scientific, peer reviewed, articles on Facebook between 2006 and 2012. The review shows that while there are yet numerous articles on various aspects of the social network site, there are still many gaps to be filled. Also, due to the limited scope of many articles (in sample sizes as well as in the number of countries included in the studies) and frequent changes to Facebook's design and features, it is not only necessary to revisit many of these articles but also to integrate their research findings. The review ends with a critical discussion and directions for future research.

В статье рассматривается и анализируется отношение граждан современной России к Конституции. Особое внимание уделено таким вопросам, как знание норм Конституции, оценка её роли в жизни граждан, соответствие её норм социально-политическим реалиям сегодняшнего дня. Даётся характеристика социальной базы сторонников Конституции новой России. ; The article considers and analyzes attitude of the citizens of modern Russia towards Constitution. Special attention is given to such aspects as apprehension of Constitutional norms, estimation of its role in citizens' lives, correspondence of its norms to today's sociopolitical realias. The author gives characteristic to the social basis of the supporters of Constitution of modern Russia.

"This book conceives the role of the modern town as a crucial place for material and cultural circulations of luxury. It concentrates on a critical period of historical change, the long eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, that was marked by the passage from a society of scarcity to one of expenditure and accumulation, from ranks and orders to greater social mobility, from traditional aristocratic luxury to a new bourgeois and even democratic form of luxury. This volume recognizes the notion that luxury operated as a mechanism of social separation, but also that all classes aspired to engage in consumption at some level, thus extending the idea of what constituted luxury and blurring the boundaries of class and status, often in unsettling ways. It moves beyond the moral aspects of luxury and the luxury debates to analyze how the production, distribution, purchase or display of luxury goods could participate in the creation of autonomous selves and thus challenge gender roles"--

В статье рассматриваются направления и аспекты трансформациииндивидуальности в современном мире. Проанализированы основные антропологическиеконцепты «философии постиндустриализма». Анализируется идеологический аспекттеории информационного общества.Масалов О.Г., Рак В.А. ДО ПОБУДОВИ АНТРОПОЛОГІЇПОСТІНДУСТРІАЛЬНОГО СУСПІЛЬСТВА У статті розглядаються напрями таособливості трансформації індивідуальності у сучасному світі. Проаналізовано основніантропологічні концепти «філософії постіндустріалізму». Аналізується ідеологічнийаспект теорії інформаційного суспільства.Ключові слова: «постмодерн», інформаційне суспільство, постіндустріальнесуспільство, ідентичність, світогляд, ідеологія.Masalov A. G., Rak V. А. TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF ANTHROPOLOGY OFPOSTINDUSTRIAL SOCIETY The article is devoted to the directions and aspects oftransformation of a human's individuality in the modern world. Actuality of the article isconditioned by the situation, when most works on this subject devoted to the technologies,economy and history, while a second-rate role is given to a person.The complex of futurology ideas, dedicated to the radical changes of society, cultureand a human under the influence of various technologies was certain as a philosophy ofpostindustrial society. On the basis of works of row of researchers (D. Bell, E. Toffler, M.Kastels, A. Negri, M. Khardt, J. Attali, A. Zinov'ev and others), basic anthropologicalkonceptions of "philosophy of postindustrialism" were analysed.The possible tendencies of transformation of a human were examined in the contextof fragmentary perception of reality, «demassification» of culture, permanent changes ofinformation context, penetration of electronic devices in everyday life, achievements of thegene engineering, transferring of social inequality to the global level.The contradictory tendencies in forming of social identity in the process ofinformative globalization were defined. The visible contradictions of the universalism andpluralism in information society are removed by transferencing them both in the sphere ofpure ideological, and political (through a copula «knowledge» – «power») paradigms,which applicable to the world of things and events depending on situation.The ideological aspect of theory of information society, as a component part ofdiskurs of power, was analysed in the context of situation of «the end of metanarrations»and in connection with concrete historical and cultural terms.Anthropological prognoses of futurology, considered as: a) a possible conseqence ofexistent tendencies (prognostic aspect); b) a condition of some groups and parts of societyand world on the whole (diagnostic aspect); c) the state of society, desired by some groups(project aspect).The basic konceptions which have a direct relation to the construction of theanthropology of postindustrial society were introducted: «a human as a commodity,creating itself»; «a human, as a product of genetic manipulations»; the koncept of «thekiborg»; «the new nomadism»; «a human in the chaos of information» (contextual«dividuum»).The derections of future actual researches are marked: connection betweeninteractiveness, as asymmetric phenomenon, language, as a tool of the derrivation ofmeanings, and a power, as a practical expression of the hierarchies of networks, major fromwhich are accessible to the limited number of individuals.Keywords: «postmodern», information society, postindustrial society, identity,«model of reality», ideology, «new nomadism», kiborg.

According to the author, perhaps the most stunning aspect of East Asian tigers' (South Korea, Hongkong, Singapore and Taiwan) development is the speed in which it has been accomplished. The author attempts to identify the common threads that run through the East Asian development experience by exploring in depth the roots of economic growth in Taiwan. (DÜI-Sen)

Exploring aspects of Irish medical history, from the nature and proposed remedies for various illnesses in 18th century Ireland to the treatment of influenza in 20th-century Ireland, this book shows how the cultures of medical care evolved over three centuries.

En las circunstancias actuales que vive Colombia, ha venido haciendo carrera la actitud de no responsabilizarse por las propias acciones. Asumir que son otros los que deben hacer las cosas y tomar las decisiones. Esta actitud va reflejándose cada vez más como mediocridad y se expresa en no pocos confines de la vida cotidiana, en el trabajo, en el estudio, en todos los escenarios. Esta mediocridad contribuye a generar violencia social del más variado tipo. ; Given the current situation of our country, an attitude of not taking responsibility for one's own actions assuming that the others should do what needs to be done and to make the decisions has become prevalent. This altitude is being reflected more and more as mediocrity and it can be seen in many aspects of daily life. (work, studies in everything), This mediocrity contributes to the generation of social violence of many types.

Donación de AGERS ; Ponencia presentada en el Foro sobre la Gerencia de Riesgos, Monte Carlo, celebrado en Monte Carlo, 10 al 13 de octubre de 1993 ; European countries appear to have less and less control of their own destinies. They faces illegal immigration and massive currency flows, they have unsatisfactory answers to the threat of large-scale redundancy in farming and manufacturing; they find it hard to prevent companies from relocating to other regions, or to muffle information from transnational television and radio. The challenge, mainly social and cultural but having important military, political and economical aspects as well, deserves two responses. Firstly, we need to unify Europe, Europe has no real alternative to moving forward, seeking to create an influential and responsible entity meeting this challenge collectively in a way that twelve or twenty separate nation-states simply cannot do. Secondly, what we need is an "Open Europe" with less social conflicts