Suchergebnisse

Abstract
The form and function of female aggression have been for many years an important social issue that demands investigation. Many studies of female aggression have focused on the perpetration and victimization of girls and young women from western countries. As a result, existing theoretical models and empirical foundations of girls' aggression are based on these defining constructs. The purpose of this article is twofold. The present study of adolescent females in the Cook Islands seeks to understand the role that perpetrators play in the type and the target of aggressive behaviour. It also examines the qualitative findings of girls' aggressive behaviour by boys, girls and their teachers and its gendered relationship inside the Cook Islands environment. The outcomes inspect the cultural context of girls in the Cook Islands that make their understanding and experiences of physical aggression and relational aggression unique and highlight the difficulties of young women positioned themselves between Cook Islands traditional values and asserting their contemporary Cook Islands' identity. The discussion highlights that aggression by girls in the Cook Islands is derived from a particular past and present that can in turn shape understandings of addressing aggression in the future.

Simone de Beauvoir in The Second Sex portrayed how the concepts of Self and Other are being shaped, created or reinforced in a text. The concept of Otherness is portrayed conspicuously in Benazir Bhutto's autobiography entitled Daughter of the East. Benazir Bhutto was the first democratically elected female leader of Pakistan and she was assassinated in December 2007. Bhutto talked about her personal life, strength and her political activity in the twentieth century. Alireza Ayari translated this autobiography into Persian in 2009. The purpose of this study is to examine the concept of women's Otherness in Daughter of the East (Source Text, "ST") and then to analyze the changes of this concept in its Persian translation (Target Text, "TT"). This is a mixed method study and includes qualitative and quantitative phases. In the qualitative phase, the facts of Otherness in the ST are compared to those in the TT in order to find out to what extent the exact meaning of Otherness in the ST transferred to the TT. The findings show that the translator could transfer the exact strength of meaning of Otherness to the TT in most cases. In the quantitative phase, the TT is examined by the use of manipulation strategies (omission, addition, substitution, attenuation). The investigation shows that out of 30 items under study, the most commonly used strategies by the translator were omission (46.66%) and addition (40%). It can be concluded that the translator may consciously and unconsciously use these two strategies more than others to impose certain conscious or unconscious cultural and linguistic implications in terms of Otherness.

Employee turnover or retention has dominated the research agenda and attracted practitioners' attention for decades. Previous research has, however, suffered from lack of macro perspective in understanding employee turnover in organizations. Based on the survey of employees in a clay brick manufacturing company in Lesotho, the purpose of the present study was to examine the impact of job satisfaction and cultural traits on turnover intentions. There was a negative and significant correlation between job satisfaction and turnover intentions, and all cultural traits and turnover intentions. Though the variance contributed by cultural traits (stability and flexibility) over demographic factors and job satisfaction was only marginally significant, and the impact of flexibility cultural trait became insignificant in the regression analysis, the influence of stability cultural trait remained strong in both correlation and regression analyses. Managerial and theoretical implications are also discussed in this study.